UbuKomanisi beMpi

Ubuninzi bobukhosi baseRashiya bubunzulu obukhethekileyo bobudlelwane bezoqoqosho nentlalo, esekelwe ekupheliseni inkqubo yemali yokuthengiswa kwempahla kunye nokuxininisa kwezibonelelo ezifumanekayo ngamandla eBolsheviks. Kwiimeko zemfazwe yenkqubela yomhlaba , ilizwe livelise ukunyanzelisa ukutya, ukuthengisana ngokuthe ngqo kweemveliso phakathi kwedolophana kunye nesixeko. I-Communism yamaMaspala yabonisa ukuba kungeniswa "inkqubo yekhadi", umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wezabasebenzi, umgaqo "wokulingana" kwimiba yomvuzo wabasebenzi.

Isimo esinzima kunokuba senziwe kwilizwe. Iimbangela zemfazwe yama-communism, ngokukodwa, zenziwa ngumnqweno onzima weBolsheviks ukugcina amandla. Kule ndlela, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zazisetyenziswa.

Okokuqala, urhulumente omtsha ufuna ukukhuselwa ngokuzikhusela. Ekubeni imeko enzima ekuqaleni kwawo-1918, iiBolsheviks ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu lidala umkhosi. Kwakubandakanywa amashishini avela kubalawuli abakhethiweyo kunye namajoni okuzithandela. Kunyaka-nyaka, urhulumente uqalise inkonzo enyanzelekileyo yempi. Esi sigqibo sasinxulumene nokuqala kokungenelela kunye nokuphuhliswa kwentlangano yenkcaso. UTrotsky (uSihlalo weBhunga leMpi yeRavili yelo xesha) uzisa ukuqeqeshwa okuqinileyo kwimikhosi ekhuselekileyo kunye nenkqubo yokubamba amaxhoba (xa intsapho yakhe yaphendula ngokuphepha kwinqwelo).

Ubuthixo bezobukhosi babhubhisa ubutyebi belizwe. Ukususela ekuqaleni kweenguqulelo, iiBolsheviks ziye zalahlekelwa ukulawulwa kweendawo ezicebileyo zelizwe: iNtshona Siberia, ummandla waseVolga, ummandla waseBaltic, eUkraine. Phakathi kwesixeko kunye nelizwe, ubudlelwane bezoqoqosho babuphazamisekile kwiminyaka yemfazwe. Ukwahlukana koqoqosho kuzaliswe amaninzi amaninzi kunye nokunganeliseki koosomashishini.

Ngaphantsi kwezi meko, iBolsheviks ithatha amanani amanyathelo. Ukuveliswa kwemveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kwaqala. I-state monopoly yasungulwa ngoJanuwari 23 kwiinqwelo zorhwebo, ngoko ngo-Apreli 22-yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ukususela phakathi kowe-1918 (ukususela ngoJuni 22), urhulumente uqalise inkqubo yokuhlaziya amabhizinisi anenkunzi engaphezulu kwama-ruble amawaka angama-500. NgoNovemba, urhulumente wamemezela ukuzithoba kombuso kuyo yonke imibutho apho inani labasebenzi livela kwi-five ukuya kweyishumi kwaye injini injini isetyenziswa. Ekupheleni kukaNovemba, umyalelo wamukelwa ekuveliseni ukuthengiswa kwemakethe yasekhaya.

Ubuninzi bobukhosi baseMasisombululo basombulula ingxaki yokutya kwesi sixeko ngokuqinisa umzabalazo weklasi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni. Ngenxa yoko, ngowama-1918, ngo-Juni 11, "iikomiti" (iikomiti zabahlwempuzekileyo) zaqala ukudalwa , kunye negunya lokubamba iimveliso ezingaphezulu kwezilwanyana ezicebileyo. Le nkqubo yezinyathelo yahluleka. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ye-surplus-fund yaqhubeka de ngowe-1921.

Ngenxa yokungabikho kokutya, andinakukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabemi kunye nekhadi. Ukongeza, ukuba le nkqubo yayingalunganga, kwadideka. Amagunya awazange azame ukulwa "neentengiso ezimnyama".

Kwimashishini ukuqeqeshwa kunzima. Ukuyiqinisa, i-Bolsheviks izisa iincwadi zabasebenzi, i-subbotnik, imisebenzi yomsebenzi jikelele.

Ilizwe liqalise ukuseka ulawulo lwezopolitiko. Amaqela angewona amaBolshevik aqala ukutshabalaliswa. Ngaloo ndlela, iiCadet zavakaliswa "iintshaba zabantu", i-SRs yasekhohlo yasuswa emzimbeni apho ayimela ininzi, i-anarchists babanjwe baza badutyulwa.

ULenin uthe ngo-Oktobha ngo-Oktobha ukuba amaBolsheviks, athathe amandla, akayi kuphona. Ubuninzi bamaKomanisi kunye ne-NEP ngo-1921 bekhokelela ilizwe kwiinkathazo zezoqoqosho. AmaBolsheviks azama ukugcina amandla ngamandla, ukutshatyalaliswa kweemanyano zabasebenzi abazimeleyo, ukuthotyelwa kwamagunya karhulumente. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kwicandelo lezopolitiko baye bafezekisa. Nangona kunjalo, uqoqosho lwelizwe lugqityiwe. Ukusuka eRashiya, malunga nabemi abayizigidi ezi-2 (ikakhulukazi ngabemi) bafuduka, kwiphondo yaseVolga, entwasahlobo ka-1919, kwavela indlala eyingozi (kwakungabikho okusanhlamvu okusala emva kokuthunjwa). Ngenxa yoko, ngeveki yeShumi Congress (ngowe-1919, ngo-Matshi 8) abasebenzi kunye nabanqwelisi be-Kronstadt bavuka, banikela ngenkxaso yezempi ngo-Oktobha Revolution.