Graphene ibhetri isithuthi yombane

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ikamva Ushishino lweemoto kukuba iimoto zombane. Kwamanye amazwe, kukho amatyala apho inxalenye kunyaka ethengisa iimoto kufuneka nokuba ngxilimbela okanye ubaleke embaneni, ngoko imali ityalwe nje kuphela yopapasho iimoto, kodwa kulwakhiwo zokutha ipetroli.

Noko ke, abantu abaninzi nangoku elinde ukuba iimoto zombane uya kuba okhuphisana yokwenene kwizithuthi bemveli. Okanye mhlawumbi oko kuya kuba xa kwanciphisa ixesha sokutshajisa, kunye nobomi bebhetri ziya kwanda? Mhlawumbi oku kuya kukunceda uluntu graphene iibhetri.

Yintoni graphene?

isizukulwana esitsha izinto inguqu, i elula kunazo zonke, uninzi ngombane conductive - nto konke malunga graphene, nto leyo ngaphezu efestileni onamacala-ezimbini carbon atom nje enye ububanzi. Abenzi bemeko- le graphene, uKonstantin Novoselov kunye Andre Geim, waphumelela Prize Nobel. Ngokuqhelekileyo, phakathi ukuvulwa ekuqaleni ngokoqobo le ndawo ngo practice isebenza ixesha elide, maxa wambi amashumi eminyaka, Noko ke, graphene awehlelwa bebonke isiphelo sinye. Mhlawumbi oku kubangelwa kukuba Geim kunye Novoselov Andiyikhanyelanga iteknoloji yawo imveliso.

Bathi nje sithetha ngayo kwihlabathi jikelele, kodwa zibonise ukuba kukho ividiyo ku YouTube, apho uKonstantin Novoselov waxelela ngokweenkcukacha malunga obu bugcisa. Ngoko ke, kungekudala kwanaxa ungenza iibhetri graphene ngezandla zabo.

design

Esizama ukusebenzisa graphene baba phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo yenzululwazi. It evuthiswe neebhetri solar, headphones, amatyala nkqu wazama ukunyanga isifo somhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha enye yezinto ethembisayo yaye kuyimfuneko ukuba uluntu - ibhetri graphene. Khumbula ukuba izinto eziluncedo engenakuphikwa ezifana zokubasa cheap kunye nokusingqongileyo, izithuthi zombane kufuneka ethile enkulu - kwesona santya siphezulu ephantsi kakhulu kwaye uvimba amandla akukho kweekhilomitha abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu.

Ekusombululeni ingxaki kwenkulungwane

ibhetri Graphene kwangawo loo mgaqo njengoko ukhokelo kunye ialakalin okanye electrolyte asidi. Lo mgaqo zisabela electrochemical. Ngokutsho isixhobo ibhetri uyafana lithium graphene ion electrolyte eqinileyo, apho cathode na amalahle coke, kufutshane kumafa ukuya carbon ecocekileyo.

Noko ke, ngoku phakathi iinjineli asakhasayo graphene ibhetri, kukho ezimbini icala bohluke. izazinzulu US Sindulule ukwenza cathode of graphene kunye lesilicon ezisicaba Zinokuxutywa omnye nomnye, kwaye anode - le lithium ayibe zoqobo. iinjineli Russian baye bafumana esinye isisombululo. Ziyityhefu kwaye kuyabiza lithium ityuwa ithe indawo ethile wemagniziyam oxide lula ngakumbi nokusingqongileyo kwaye sitshiphu. umthamo Battery yaligqiba nayiphi na imeko ngokwandisa izinga indlela ion ukusuka electrode omnye komnye. Oku kuphunyezwa kuba graphene uye index ephakamileyo Heating kunye nesakhono ukuze yande kagesi.

Imibono bohlulwa abaphengululi eku sunguleni: iinjineli Russian bathi Graphene iibhetri nomthamo izihlandlo ezibini ngaphezu lwe Lithium-ion, kodwa oogxa babo amazwe bathi kwishumi.

iibhetri Graphene babeka imveliso mass ngo-2015. Ngokomzekelo, kuye inkampani Spanish Graphenano. Ngokutsho kumenzi, ukusetyenziswa kwezi iibhetri iimoto zombane phezu kwempahla neenkonzo kwiimarike ibonisa amathuba yokwenene practical kunye cathode graphene ibhetri. Ukuze ukumangalela ngokupheleleyo kuthatha kuphela emva kwemizuzu esibhozo. Ubude umendo bobude iyakwazi ukwandisa iibhetri graphene. Ukutshaja 1000 km endaweni yayingamakhulu amathathu - ukuba ufuna ukunikela abathengi corporation Graphenano.

Spain ne China

Nge Graphenano nokubambisana inkampani Chinese Chint, awawuthengayo isibonda-10% kwi-Spanish Corporation for 18 million euro. Ekwakhiweni odibeneyo lwezibonelelo ziza kwenziwa imigca yemveliso amabini esityalo. Le projekthi sele ifunyenwe malunga nezigidi 30 utyalo-mali, nto leyo iza kutyalwa ukufakelwa izixhobo kunye nokuqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Isicwangciso yokuqala yaba ukuqala isityalo ukuvelisa malunga 80 million iiseli. Ngelo isanda, imarike engundoqo kukuba abe eTshayina, yaye emva koko izicwangciso ukuqalisa izibonelelo kwamanye amazwe.

Kule yesibini inqanaba, inkampani Chint ukulungele ukutyala euro million 350 ukuze kwakhiwe esinye isityalo, nto leyo eya kuba malunga namawaka amahlanu abasebenzi. La manani Akumangalisi xa ucinga ukuba iyonke ingeniso iza kuba malunga neebhiliyoni ezintathu euro. Ukongeza, China, eyaziwa ngokuba iingxaki zayo kunye nokusingqongileyo, ziya kunikwa "amafutha" eco-banobuhlobo cheap. Noko ke, njengoko sinako ukubona, ukongeza kwizicelo eliphezulu-profile, ukukhanya akazange abone nantoni na, kuphela imodeli uvavanyo. Nangona Volkswagen Corporation udize iinjongo zakhe ukusebenzisana Graphenano.

Okulindelwe người

Eyadini ngo-2017, nto leyo ethetha ukuba Graphenano inxaxheba kwimveliso 'omkhulu' of iibhetri iminyaka emibini, kodwa endleleni eya kumkhawulela imoto zombane - lwepaki hayi kuphela eRashiya. Zonke iinkcukacha nedatha wakhululwa yi ombutho, kunokuba licaciswe. Ngokubanzi, bona musa ukuya ngaphaya iingcamango eqhelekileyo theoretical ngezinto parameters kufuneka babe graphene ibhetri nemoto yombane.

Ukongeza, ukuza kuthi ga yonke ethe thaca zombini abathengi kunye nabatyali - yi computer kuphela, akukho AMAGQABAZA ▸ yokwenene. Yongeza umlinganiselo iingxaki kunye nento yokuba graphene - kukho umbandela imali eninzi kakhulu ukuvelisa. Nangona iingxelo elikhulu zizazinzulu indlela ekunokuba "yashicilelwa edolweni", okwangoku ukulawula kuphela ukunciphisa iindleko amanye amacandelo.

Graphene kunye nehlabathi kwiimarike

Abalandeli zithi zonke iintlobo ziyabethabethana necebo akukho mntu imbonakalo inzuzo imoto enjalo, kuba ngoko ke ioli iya ngasemva, yaye ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa yaye ingeniso evela nemveliso yayo. Noko ke, mhlawumbi, iinjineli ezijongene ezinye iingxaki, kodwa andifuni ukuba sibhengeze kuyo. Igama elithi "kwikholam" ngoku, besiva abantu, abaninzi bakugqala eziphathekayo elizayo, ngoko mhlawumbi, izazinzulu andifuni konakalisa igama lakhe.

Iingxaki kuphuhliso

Noko ke, imeko inokuba njalo, kwaye loo nto ngokwenene izinto ezintsha, ke ngoko, oko kufuna indlela efanelekileyo. Mhlawumbi iibhetri kunye graphene kufuneka yahluke kuyaphi ukusuka zemveli lwe Lithium-ion okanye Lithium-Polymer.

Kukho kwakhona enye imfundiso. Graphenano Corporation wabhengeza ukuba neebhetri ezitsha ebizwayo ngemizuzu nje esibhozo. Iingcali ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngenene kunokwenzeka, kodwa ke umthamo umbane kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwe megawathi mnye, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuvavanya iimeko kwi kwisityalo, kodwa ekhaya. Ukwakhiwa inani elaneleyo Gas kunye umthamo iya kuhlawula imali eninzi, ixabiso ngecala olulodwa kakhulu phezulu, ngoko graphene ibhetri ukuze imoto akayi kuyitshabalalisa naziphi na iingenelo.

Practice ubonisa ukuba kukho ixesha elide iteknoloji revolution ibephakathi kwimarike yehlabathi. Kuyimfuneko ukuba aqhube iintlobo zovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso, ngoko nokukhululwa izixhobo ezintsha zobugcisa ukufika iminyaka emininzi.