Hockey: imbali yophuhliso. History of the World Hockey Championship

Hockey, imbali kunye nophuhliso ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha ngakumbi ngezantsi, udlala umdlalo iqela, apho okhuphisana usebenzisa amaqela kufuneka isikolo puck ibe wokukora welinye iqela adlala nalo. Eyona iphambili isiganeko ithathwa ukuba abadlali kufuneka kokulawula ngapha salo iqhwa azifake. Le nkumbulo lokuqala udlala uluthi, ibhola, umhla umva bamaXesha Aphakathi. Kunye nale, njengokuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukhandwa ukhuphiswano kakhulu kamva.

version ukuvela

Ngokuba lo hlobo ezemidlalo ezifana ihoki, imbali wayengomnye kakhulu engozini. Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni yelogo ye azalelwa kuyo isixeko eKhanada Montreal. Ngesi sivumelwano, asingabo bonke abaphengululi mihla. Isibakala sokuba imifanekiso abantu ababandakanyekayo kumdlalo ezinxulumene ividiyo umzimba engumkhenkce amanzi, kukho ezinye imizobo kukho iinkosi Dutch ukuba yabhalwa kwinkulungwane yeshumi. Enoba lwalunjani, amajoni British emva Canada iphumelele eFransi ngowe-1763, eyayisiziswa lizwe kunye ibhola hockey ingca. Ngenxa yokuba Intshona Melika uphawuleka ntolovelo kakhulu kwaye elide, umdlalo sanyanzeleka ukuba siguqulelwe neemeko zendawo. Ngenxa yoko, abantu baqalisa ukukhuphisana esilichitha amachibi kunye nemilambo. Loo umlenze ke n'ekiweebwayo phezu kwamanzi, ukuya izihlangu ngayo ukuze nakubaxholi netshizi.

bt umdlalo

A indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwemidlalo wadlala Montreal. Kungenxa kulo mzi, xa salo "Victoria", Matshi 3, 1875 wadlala umdlalo wokuqala abhalwe ngokusesikweni of hockey. Imbali yokulwa sade ziboniswa inqaku kwiphephandaba lasekuhlaleni owawunesihloko Montreal kwiGazethi. Ukubunjwa ngamnye amaqela ezikhuphisanayo bezibandakanya abadlali ezilithoba. umdlalo Shell waba ngamaplanga disc namasango namatye abaqhelekileyo. izixhobo abathathi-nxaxheba lathathwa baseball.

Imithetho yokuqala

Kwisithuba seminyaka emibini emva komdlalo bt hockey, iqela labafundi abavela McGill University of Montreal basungula imithetho yokuqala yomdlalo. Bona izilingo amanqaku asixhenxe. Ngowe-1879, oko kumiselwa iqhoshana irabha. Umdlalo ngokukhawuleza yaphinda yathandwa, ngoko ngo-1883, iye thaca Winter Carnival yonyaka eMontreal. Eminye iminyaka emibini kamva, baseKhanada zaziwa kakuhle engahlawulwayo umbutho kulo mdlalo.

Ngowe-1886 kuye kuhlengahlengiswa, kuphuculwe yaye yapapashwa imithetho yomdlalo we hockey. Ibali iya ukuba yokuqala owabhala kubo, yaba R. Smith. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho kwahluka kangako version mihla. Ukususela ngoku, omabini amaqela kwakufuneka akhuphisane ukuze abadlali ezisixhenxe. Baba unozinti, ngasemva kunye abavikeli ngaphambili, abahlaseli ezintathu njengesibhadubhadu omnye (i inamandla umdlali ihoki wayemazi iinjongo amanqaku). Izithako ukuze umdlalo ayikatshintshi. Kuphela kwimeko apho replacement wasonjululwa, umdlali kukwenzakala. Eyona nto ifunekayo ukuze sibe nokumiliselwa yi kwemvume yabadlali belinye icala.

Stanley Cup

Ukuthandwa mdlalo iye yaya ikhula. Ngowe-1893, Canadian iRhuluneli-Jikelele iNkosi Frederick Artur Stenli wathenga indebe leyo ikhangeleka ngathi kukho iphiramidi zocaphulo ukuba iquka ring yesilivere. Yena wawongwa yintshatsheli lizwe kulo mdlalo ngathi hockey. Imbali kulo mdlalo uyazi indebe ngaphezulu ezidumileyo. Ekuqaleni, kuba nako ukulwa nokuba abathandi. Ukususela ku-1927, unelungelo lokuba nezinto ezizezakhe Stanley Cup olwaba yi abameli beNdlu yeSizwe Hockey League.

ezintsha ekuguqukeni

Imbali ice hockey ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini luphawulwa ezintsha rhoqo. Ngokukodwa, ngowe-1900 bamasango baqalisa ukumisela igridi, ukwenzela ukuba inani kweembambano malunga gol ugcwale ngokoqobo zancitshiswa zero. Ekubeni impempe metal wanamathela kwimilebe yakhe bagwebe kuqala yatshintsha intsimbi, yaye kamva - phezu umfuziselo zeplastiki. Kwakukho ubuso-off le puck. Ukuze kuzakwandisa isantya kwaye nokuzonwabisa, kwagqitywa ngo-1910 ukwenzela ukuba replacement ngethuba lo mdlalo. Xa liphulo abazalwana abathathu, uPatrick, abadlali ihoki waqala ukuba abele amanani, unozinti wavunyelwa ukuba azifake yakho ice kunye nabadlali - ukunika ibhola phambili. Ngaphezu koko, kucetywa ukuba anciphise ixesha lomdlalo amaxesha amathathu imizuzu engamashumi amabini.

International Ice Hockey Federation ngokusesikweni yamkele imithetho yomdlalo ngo-1911. Isiseko kwisampula waseKhanada yathathwa. Ngowe-1929, nozinti qela, "Montreal Merunz" uClint Benedict ekuqaleni kusetyenziswa imaski. kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba ngokusemthethweni yaqalisa ulawulo okanye ukufa ngesiquphe. izibane Multi-bala kunye siren ukuba ingxelo echanekileyo iinjongo baqalisa ukuba isetyenziswe ngo-1945. Ngelo xesha linye imimiselo izilungiso bangabafundi kathathu.

Le nkundla lokuqala

Imbali ihoki lee ngaphandle ukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso ezifanelekileyo. Ekuqaleni enkundleni wokhuphiswano ukumela i ice rinks yendalo. Ngoko ayenzi kunyibilika ezindongeni zezakhiwo kwenziwa umsantsa ngalo engenayo umoya obandayo ngaphakathi. Ngowe-1899 e Montreal, oko wakha skating salo lokuqala afakelwe iisoyi. Xa banesifo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini e-Canada nase-United States waqalisa ukuba kwakhiwe kwibala kahle esikhulu. Enye yezona abadumileyo kubo ngelo xesha i "Ibhotwe Imidlalo" eyakhiwe eChicago ngo-1938. Arena uye izihlalo amawaka 15.

Iqela professional kuqala league

Ngowe-1904, Canada wadala iqela lokuqala ehlabathini hockey yobungcali. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngaxeshanye kwagqitywa kwelokuba bafudukele inkqubo umdlalo omtsha, ngokwendlela apho inxalenye nganye nxaxheba komdlalo yayiquka abadlali ezintandathu. Ngaphezu koko, esisigxina yaye indawo ezisezingeni 56h26 eemitha. kwiminyaka emine emva koko iingcali zaye ekugqibeleni wahluliwe nabalandeli.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini eYurophu ibe ngumdlalo ethandwa kakhulu ezifana hockey. Imbali yophuhliso yayo yeHlabathi Old ngokomthetho busuka emva ku-1908. Kwaba ngoko kwi-Congress eParis yasekwa yi-International Federation loo mdlalo. Kwakugcwele ekuqaleni kuquka amazwe ezine - Great Britain, Belgium, eSwitzerland kunye France. I Canadian Hockey Association emva kweminyaka emine.

National Hockey League (NHL) yasekwa ngo-1917. ngokukhawuleza kakhulu saba yinkokeli phezu emhlabeni. Akumangalisi oku, ngenxa yokuba kukho abadlali kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, iinjongo eziphambili kwimbali hockey, bakholisa ukuba ucingo ngaphaya NHL.

ukhuphiswano

Umdlalo wokuqala ngamazwe phakathi Intshona Melika naseYurophu kwi-sikhokelo tumente esemthethweni kwenzeka ngo-1920. Ke iqela waseKhanada iphumelele eli qela le-United Kingdom. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imbali yehlabathi ice hockey ubuntshatsheli lisukela emva kweMidlalo YeOlimpiki, baphumeleleyo kuzo kwaye yabamba isihloko kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Lemidlalo ziye kwahlulwa omnye komnye yaye baba elizimeleyo kuphela ngo-1992. Ngelo xesha linye i-International Federation wagqiba ukuphelisa yaseYurophu Championship.

kanye Imbali kukhuphiswano zehlabathi ihoki uyazi iintlobo ezininzi sale tumente. Ekuqaleni ukhuphiswano kwenzeka kwindlela indebe, yaye kamva - kwisangqa (ngokwamanqanaba enye okanye ngaphezulu). Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwakukho imidlalo kwi-moya - ". Playoffs" Inani lamalungu eqela baba phakathi ukusuka kwisibhozo ukuya elishumi elinesithandathu.

hockey Russian

Ngoku ilwamkele ukuba imbali hockey eRashiya waqala ngoDisemba 22, 1946. Kwangaloo mini, inani lemizi Soviet, imatshisi yokuqala kwitumente yesizwe. Ngowe-1954, iqela evela USSR bt lobungangamsha kwiNdebe yeHlabathi, ndibetha baseKhanada emdlalweni lokugqibela. Ekupheleni koo-zenkulungwane lokugqibela ngenxa yokungabikho uzinzo leembaleki ezininzi waya kukhonza kwelinye kweli lizwe.

Imbali Hockey Russian uyayazi ezininzi lokungaphumeleli kwaye impumelelo. Isihloko weqela kakhulu ehlabathini luyazigwagwisa ngakumbi ngo-1993. Noko ke, isihloko elandelayo abalandeli kwafuneka alinde iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. Ngoku iqela Russian oku kufanele kuqwalaselwe omnye yomeleleyo ehlabathini gqolo ibonisa nemiphumo emihle.

anika umdla

Ngoko ke, lo gama yokudlala puck akusekelwanga, oko lumiswa phambi komdlalo.

uninzi abadlali baye balahlekelwa izinyo ubuncinane omnye ngexesha umculo.

Injongo yokuqala sambombo.

Airspeed hockey projectile unako ukufikelela kwinqanaba 193 km / h.

Ngoku washer zenziwa iirubber vulcanized.

Bandy

Imbali bandy lisukela emva phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Ekutolikweni mihla le hlobo kwezemidlalo yinto umdlalo iqela kwi ngumkhenkce, apho kufuneka ukuba unamathele amanqaku ibhola net elikhuselayo. Kuba isebenzisa indawo buxande, nto leyo ubuninzi bobungakanani kweemitha 110h65. Umdlalo iqulathe lamathuba ezimbini nemizuzu engama-45. Ukubunjwa Iqela ngalinye kuquka abadlali abalishumi elinanye (kubandakanywa 4 spare kunye 1 unozinti). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inani lotshintsho akupheleli. Enye yezinto ezininzi umdla imithetho kulo mdlalo kukuba umdlali kwisiqingatha elikhuselayo asendle ngokwalo (hayi kuquka unozinti), thatha ibhola aliphumeleli. Enoba yayiyintoni na, eli hlobo ihoki ayikho popular njengoko luhlobo hockey.