Hormone unamadlala ngokwesini. Le hormone olwenziwa yi gonads

Hormone unamadlala zesini limisele iimpawu ngokwesondo zasesekondari abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Abanoxanduva bonke utshintsho emzimbeni: ulawula inkqubo ukufikisa, imveliso amaqanda kunye amadlozi, ukukhulelwa, ukuzalwa ephilayo entsha, lokuncancisa kunye nangaphezulu.

gonads yangaphakathi Secretion

Le secretion yangaphakathi kwamadlala ngesondo ngenxa ukuveliswa hormone sex (zombini nabakhonzazana, nabakhonzi), nto leyo zikhutshelwa egazini. iimpawu zabo zahlukile kakhulu enye kwenye, nangona eveliswe ngomnye iindlela nemvelo.

Le secretion kwamadlala nesini ngokwesini lubonakala ngokuba mali wavelisa estrogen ezahlukeneyo kunye androgens. Oku kuchaza umahluko iimpawu yabo yasesekondari ngesondo. Kuba hormone oyindoda ubukhulu becala uxanduva gonads ababhinqileyo. Hormone zichaphazela intsha ukufikisa.

Mbile emantombazaneni

Amantombazana aneminyaka eli-10-12 ingqondo yebhinqa iqalisa ukuvelisa luteinizing (LH) kunye hormone (FSH) hormone follicle-inkanuko. Yenza imveliso estrogen ovarian kunye dlala - ekuthiwa hormone of nobubovu ngokwesondo amantombazana. imveliso yawo emzimbeni ucacisa ekuqaleni emzimbeni utshintsha umzimba sentombazana. Ezona mpawu ngesondo eziziisekondari zezi:

- ukukhula amadlala mammary;

- ukwandiswa esinqeni;

- imbonakalo uboya emakhwapheni noboya zikawonke wonke;

- production kwamaqanda yi amaqanda;

- ekuqaleni sexesheni.

Mbile kubafana

Amakhwenkwe eneminyaka engama-12-15 aze aqalise ukuvelisa luteinizing (LH) kunye follicle ekhuthazayo hormone (FSH). Bebonke ukuvelisa iinkunzi hormone namadlala ngesondo, ikakhulu testosterone. Le hormone amatyhalarha kwaye ebangela uphuhliso secondary neempawu zesini amakhwenkwe. Ezi ziquka:

- utshintsho ilizwi;

- la ukuba kukhule uboya ebusweni nomzimba;

- nophuhliso zangasese;

- imveliso madlozi;

- nophuhliso musculature.

umsebenzi Gonadal

umsebenzi gonadal ezichaphazela ngokuphawulekayo izifo ezininzi etsolo kunye ezingapheliyo somatic. Bona emiselwe ingqibelelo esqwini hypothalamic-yebhinqa-gonadal. Ukuze siqonde ukusebenza zabo, cinga iincindi zamadlala ziveliswa umzimba amadoda kunye nabafazi, kwaye iingxaki ezivela ukwaphuka zabo.

Ziziphi hormone ziveliswa amalungu obuni amabhinqa?

Abasetyhini ekuveliseni emzimbeni zesini namadlala okukuko ngokwesondo, lo neuron adrenal, kunye beendawo. Hormone unamadlala zangasese ziquka:

- androgens;

- estrogen;

- progestins;

- follicle oluvuselela hormone;

- luteinizing hormone.

Isiphumo hormone emzimbeni nemazi

nokwakheka ukulungelelana kwezi zinto lineziphumo eyingenelo emzimbeni kwaye normalizes ukutya, chaza ngokwasengqondweni nangokweemvakalelo umfazi, ukusebenza oluchanekileyo uhlelo zokuzala, komeleza inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ichaphazela wenzala kunye nangaphezulu. ratio wabo nefuthe ngqo kwi zesini yabafazi. Gonadal hormone estrogen kunye dlala zidla ulawule ngesondo kwabasetyhini. I sithuba somjikelo sexesheni unxulunyaniswa ukwanda nomnqweno wesini intle, olwenzeka ngenxa nokulatyuza hormone.

hormone Sex kunye nemisebenzi yabo emzimbeni, zibalulekile umsebenzi yonke eziphilayo. zibalulekile ukuze eqhelekileyo yokusebenza wenzala lomzimba estrogen. Ukongezelela, imali ekunene kwale hormone kukhuthaza ukuyilwa amanani, indalo, ulusu neenwele. Hormone nalo ekuveliseni ingaba adrenal (a inxalenye encinane) kwaye zamaqanda, kwaye ngexesha lokukhulelwa olungapheliyo ukuze imveliso yawo uyahlangabezana luteum corpus, uze emva koko ngumkhaya. Eli yeza ihomoni okuthiwa hormone lokukhulelwa ukususela umsebenzi wayo kukuba ukulungiselela isibeleko ngenxa umzila we ndingekazalwa, nokukhuthaza ukukhula. Ukuba hormone ungaphantsi eqhelekileyo, ngoko umfazi kwandisa umngcipheko kwesisu.

Kuba kwimveliso LH kunye FSH (lyuteoniziruyushego kwaye follikulostimuliruyushego hormone) yi yebhinqa uxanduva. FSH ivuselela ukukhula kunye zoboya eyiyo nokusebenza kunye LH enza ngayo umsebenzi kunye amaqanda kunye uvelisa estrogen. Prolactin le yincindi le yebhinqa. umsebenzi wayo ophambili ilele nokukhuthaza ukukhula webele kunye nophuhliso namantombazana, kwakunye nokubonelela lokwaphusa kwi abafazi abaye babelekile. Ukuba bekukho ukwanda kumanqanaba prolactin igazi, abangaphangeliyo lokuyila follikulostimuliruyushego hormone, apho kukho inhibition ngokwendalo nokwanda follicular kunye ovulation kungekho abasetyhini ngexesha lokuncancisa. Prolactin kwakhona lisebenza njengento ebalulekileyo kuqheleke eseleyo amanzi amtyuba.

Ukophulwa kwabafazi hormone

Le hormone eziveliswa gonads musa sihlale kuluhlu yesiqhelo. Amanqanaba estrogen okwehlileyo kube ngumqondiso yokunqongophala ovulation kwabasetyhini, nenzalo, kwaye ngexesha ekhulelwe inokuba sikombisa ngezifo. Ukunyuka umxholo ayo ithumba ekuphuhlisweni amadlala adrenal okanye gonads. Abantu abathanda ukuba babe abatyebe yaye inani eliphezulu lika estrogen.

Ukwehla umthamo wegazi dlala kunokubangela isisu e abafazi abakhulelweyo, abruption placental, ngokunyamalala Palsy. Abasetyhini abanengxaki dlala, ngokufuthi awukwazi ukufumana nangezilonda ukhulelwe, ukuba zikho nezinye izifo zangasese, ukuphazamiseka umjikelo kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo, kuquka ukungachumi.

iihomoni Gonadal inokuba uhlobo lwesalathisi ngezifo ezahlukeneyo. Ukwandisa lyuteoniziruyushego hormone egazini kubonisa yamathumba yebhinqa, polycystic amaqanda inclusions, ukudinwa yawo, njalo-njalo. Noko ke, amanqanaba badla eziphakamileyo kwale hormone esinxulunyaniswa kunye simo, nendlala, ezemidlalo yindinisa.

Yandisa hormone follikulostimuliruyushego eziqwalaselweyo izigulane umsebenzi othile le yebhinqa kunye nokungaphumeleli ovarian. Ukongeza, umgangatho wayo kudla kwaphakanyiswa abantu kakubi utywala, yaye emva kokuba kugqitywe uviwo X-ray malunga nesigulane eso. Ngexesha exesheni ukwandisa imali yawo nanjengokwesimo. Ukukhulisa FSH ntonje unobangela zesibeleko ukopha kunye nokunciphisa ibandakanya ukungabikho sexesheni, waphawula e PCOS kunye nokutyeba.

Ukukhulelwa kunye nencum-lwebele ukwanda izixa ze prolactin egazini yimeko eqhelekileyo, kwezinye iimeko ingumqondiso ukuphazamiseka zophendlo lwezifo. prolactin High ibonisa ukunyhashwa imisebenzi yebhinqa, lengqula, ovarian, kunye nezifo sokuhlasela.

Ziziphi hormone ziveliswa esini ebantwini?

gonads indoda nenkazana bavelisa phantse iqela elifanayo hormone nabanye ngaphandle. Kuba iihomoni iduna ziquka:

- androgens;

- testosterone;

- follicle oluvuselela hormone;

- luteinizing hormone;

- SHBG.

Impembelelo hormone emzimbeni oyindoda

Follicle-ushukumisa hormone emadodeni nako eveliswe ingqondo yebhinqa. UMthetho umsebenzi kwamadlala ngesondo, kwandisa imveliso testosterone, ikhuthaza ekukhuleni madlozi. Luteinizing hormone kwakhona eveliswe ingqondo yebhinqa kunye nezenzo njengoko imveliso eligunyazisiweyo testosterone iiseli into eyindoda Leydig, kwaye ebandakanyekileyo kwimveliso ziyabophelela iiprothini, iihomoni, gonads kwaye kwandisa permeability-cofa amatyhalarha. Testosterone iveliswa kwi adrenal kunye gonads, oko kuchaphazela uphuhliso lweempawu zasesekondari ngokwesondo emakhwenkweni, ebandakanyekileyo ukuvelisa amadlozi, uchaphazela amandla kunye yobuntu. Testosterone kubalulekile ukuba umzimba amadoda: ichaphazela uphuhliso asemzimbeni kunye nezihlunu, iphucula urhulumente yezengqondo iimvakalelo, kwaye normalizes umsebenzi unamadlala sebaceous.

Prolactin yenziweyo ingqondo yebhinqa, ebandakanyekileyo ekumiseleni eseleyo ngamanzi netyuwa kwaye kulibazise kususwe kulwelo yi izintso kudaleke nokuvuthwa efanelekileyo madlozi. Estradiol fanele ku iihomoni ababhinqileyo, leyo bagqibileyo kunye namadoda. Isizathu kukuba isixa ukwanda kwamafutha omzimba ebantwini, apho hormone testosterone inkunzi iguqulelwa kungena estradiol ababhinqileyo. SHBG - hormone yokubopha globulin, okanye glycoprotein libandakanyeka ukuthutha hormone ngesondo kwaye yaveliswa esibindini.

Ukophulwa angamaduna hormone

hormone sex Male kunye nemisebenzi yazo kubangela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza komzimba. Ukophulwa hormone oyindoda kunokubangela izifo ezininzi.

A kwinqanaba eliphezulu FSH ibonisa ukugxojwa umsebenzi gonadal, ukusilela kwezintso, nangezilonda ingqondo. Esinye isizathu sokuba FSH ephezulu butywala. amazinga aphantsi FSH ibonisa ukuhla ingqondo yebhinqa okanye yobuchopho, ngokunjalo njengoko iqatshelwe ukutyeba. Kwezinye iimeko, umntu kungalingani ihomoni nga sivete izinto kwezinye ngokupheleleyo, umz, kwenyusa emva indlela-X reyi okanye amayeza athile.

ukunyhashwa ezinjalo kunye notshintsho tyala kwizinga luteinizing hormone. Kodwa ukongezelela utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo emzimbeni, kubangela ukuphazamiseka unokuba imeko banal uxinezeleko, ukudla nervosa, ukutyeba okanye ukutshaya. Ukwandisa inani testosterone igazi kubonisa hyperplasia izicwili adrenal, nangezilonda, kunye nokunciphisa uphawu lwalo ukusilela kwezintso, ukutyeba, ukuphazamiseka le gonads.

prolactin oyindoda High okanye asezantsi gqirha unika isizathu sokukrokrela nomonde okanye hypothalamic yebhinqa kwekhono, ukusilela kwezintso, ukuqina kwesibindi, lengqula disorder, izifo samathambo kunye nezinye izifo. Ngaphezu koko, unobangela amazinga hormone zinokuba nzima, beriberi, isifuba kwentlungu, ukusetyenziswa amayeza athile.

Ukutshintsha imali estradiol inokuba ngenxa amayeza, ukutshaya, yindlala, kwaye ukuvela lwezifo ezifana kwesibindi, ithumba wamatyhalarha, prostatitis, hyperprolactinemia kunye nezinye. Hi ndlela leyi, maxa wambi hormone inkunzi kungabonwa egazini ukukhulelwa (chorionic human gonadotropin), nto leyo ibonisa umhlaza wamatyhalarha.

Into ekufuneka uyazi malunga globulin ngesondo hormone nganisa?

Ihomoni globulin Kunyanzeleke ebizwa glycoprotein. Sibopha ukuthi androgens kunye estrogen. Ezinye iihomoni steroid, ezifana dlala, cortisone kunye nezinye corticosteroids ukuhlanganisa transcortin. SHBG unawo mpawu zilandelayo:

- Isikhundla ngokupheleleyo zamadlala ngesondo, kuquka testosterone balance esempilweni estradiol, amaqela iphambili kusungulwe nasiphi na isicwangciso silwe ukwaluphala.

- A hormone kolawulo obalulekileyo testosterone kunye estrogen, onoxanduva ukwabiwa hormone ngokwesondo emzimbeni.

- Ukophulwa sex hormone globulin ndibopha ezinxulumene kwesikhumba amadoda namabhinqa kunye nezifo ezininzi ezibulalayo, kuquka isifo sentliziyo, uhlobo 2 diabetes, pathways syndrome, belele kwamathambo.

iihomoni Male kwabasetyhini

Mhlawumbi omnye umntu uya kusimangalise, kodwa abafazi kufuneka iihomoni eyindoda. Hi mpimo lowutsongo, kodwa inenzuzo umzimba, okoko nje inani labo laba phakathi ngokwemigangatho emiselweyo. Umzekelo, imveliso testosterone kwabasetyhini negalelo ubuni babo kunye yobuntu, ibe imiphumo eyingenelo kwi the sebaceous namadlala, uphuhliso kunye kwengqondo umsebenzi. Ukuba testosterone egazini uqulathwe imali encinane, umfazi uwuphakamisile silale, ubuthathaka, kunokuthiwa ngalo, uguqulwe ube "mouse grey". hormone ophakamileyo, ngokuchaseneyo, kwenza abantu babe ndlongo, yenza oyintsobi ngakumbi kunamadoda, kwakunye bandiqumbise iingxaki isikhumba. testosterone Ukwanda kwabasetyhini abe bubungqina iingxaki zempilo: kukwaphula adrenal kwamadlala, amaqanda, yebhinqa okanye yobuchopho. Ukunciphisa amazinga hormone oko kubangelwa ukusilela kwezintso, iingxaki kunye nobunzima.

Androgen ukungalingani kwakhona kubangela ukuphazamiseka emzimbeni. Ibhinqa ukwanda hairiness apha emilenzeni, iingalo, esifubeni, ebusweni, induna. imigangatho ephakamileyo androgens kungakhokelela nenzalo ababhinqileyo, kwezisu.

Indlela ukuthatha uvavanyo hormone?

Ukujonga umgangatho hormone emzimbeni, uya kunikelwa ekuhlalutyeni igazi emthanjeni. Iziphumo ukuba luchaneke kakhulu, ukuba uhlalutyo unikezelo ayinako edliwayo isidlo yokugqibela kufuneka athathe iiyure ubuncinane 8-10. Ebudeni bemini, kufuneka ayeke ukutshaya, utywala, isini, kunye umthambo ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukuyibetha ngoyaba le mithetho kunokukhokelela uhlaba elibalulekileyo iziphumo.

Abasetyhini kufuneka wazise umsebenzi wezempilo ukuthatha isampulu yegazi, usuku sexesheni okanye ukukhulelwa, kuba ezinye hormone kufuneka uthathe kuphela ngeentsuku ezithile, okanye inokuba kwakhona kuchaphazela umgangatho isiphumo. Ukuba kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuphinda uhlalutyo emva konyango, kuyimfuneko Kwathi zombini iimvavanyo e-lab efanayo.