Hypercholesterolemia - it ... cholesterol Ivusiwe. hypercholesterolemia kwiintsapho

million 200 abantu ehlabathini, ukuqalela eYurophu, i-US kunye nesiphelo kunye Asia ne-Afrika, amadoda - 65% abasetyhini - 35%. Zonke ezi zinto iziphumo esweni amaziko ophando kwinani labantu abanengxaki hypercholesterolemia ehlabathini lonke.

Yintoni na kwesi sifo ndinaso?

Xa uphendula lo mbuzo, yonke imithombo kunye noogqirha yamanyama: hypercholesterolemia - yimeko yegazi kunye namaqondo aphezulu kakhulu cholesterol, okanye, ngamanye amazwi - fat-like kweziyobisi.

Cholesterol - yenye amacandelo inwebu cell. Kuyimfuneko ukuba isakhiwo asidi inyongo, ngaphandle apho akunakwenzeka kokudla eziqhelekileyo, ufumana sibe emzimbeni kunye nokutya, kwaye lukhutshwe isibindi yethu. Nayo abunjwe ngesondo kunye iihomoni adrenal. Kweli nqaku siza kujonga into cholesterol aphezulu yaye ziziphi oonobangela kwesi sifo.

Izinto ezibangela cholesterol aphezulu

Phi cholesterol aphezulu? Izizathu yahluke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, omnye umphakathi ufumana iziyobisi emzimbeni ndawonye nomnikelo ophezulu osidingayo. Ngenxa isiqulatho ophezulu cholesterol ngamafutha ukutya ezifakwe kwi iindonga imithambo yegazi, kukhokelele kwinto yokuba kusekwe umonakalo ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi, ngaleyo ndlela kwande ingozi sisifo sentliziyo okanye istroke. Kutshanje, ngenxa amatyala ukungondleki isifo hypercholesterolemia. Ukongezelela, kubangele ukunyuswa iyeza ukutshintsha hormone kunye luvalo.

Ngokomthetho isisifo njengelifa. Kulo mzekelo, amazinga cholesterol ziphezulu kakhulu kwaye sizimisele zemfuza. Hypercholesterolemia kwiintsapho - sisifo sibangelwa ziziphene sofuzo ukuba usebenzisa ikhowudi kwi lwesakhiwo receptor yaye ukusebenza ukuba apoproteidam B / E. Abantu abanengxaki heterozygous uhlobo hypercholesterolemia kwiintsapho (1 nomonde xa abantu 350-500) lusebenza kuphela isiqingatha B / E receptor, ngoko ke inqanaba inyuswe phantse ezimbini amaxesha (ukuya kwi 12.9 mmol / l). ubungozi ezithile ekuqaleni hypothyroidism zithathwa, ukusetyenziswa iyeza ixesha elide (steroids, womchamo, njalo njalo), kunye nesifo seswekile sinwenwa.

iimpawu

Benkohliso inkulu kukuba ibinzana obubambekayo iimpawu umntu uzive. Ngaphandle ukutshintsha indlela yobomi, isiguli nje ukuhlawula ingqalelo iimpawu. Ngeli xesha egazini kwandisa inqanaba cholesterol. Ukuba ixesha elide waqhubeka ukusebenza, ukuqala iimpawu hypercholesterolemia iza kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Xanthoma - ezixineneyo abaneleyo maqhuqhuva kwi imisipha.
• Xanthelasma - kuvela amanqatha ongama phantsi iinkophe. Oku amaqhina oxineneyo umbala omthubi, apho kunzima ukwahlula kwezinye iindawo esikhumbeni.
• Lipoic arc corneas - cholesterol bezel (white okanye nombala-abamhlophe).

Xa yamafutha, nto leyo ibangwa cholesterol aphezulu, iimpawu umonakalo omzimba sele lwaziwayo kuqiniswa kakhulu.

iintlobo zovavanyo

Hypercholesterolemia - sisalathisi, ityhila kuphela elabhoratri yi uvavanyo okhethekileyo igazi. Kukho iindidi ezimbini lweemvavanyo - imbali psychological kunye nophando elebhu. Nabo ke, nazo zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela, nto leyo sixoxa ngezantsi.

imbali engqondweni

1. Uhlalutyo ulwazi malunga nesifo kunye nezikhalazo. Imalunga xa xanthomas afunyanwa xanthelasma, pewa lipoid le inwebu.
2. Uhlalutyo ulwazi ubomi. Ngaba kuxoxwe imibuzo yokugula nomonde kunye nabazalwana bakhe, abafowunelwa kunye neearhente ze izifo.
3. nokuxilongwa kwemizimba yabo. Kuyenzeka ukuba uqaphele xanthoma xanthelasma. Kokuba kwandiswe ingcinezelo wegazi.

Uhlalutyo Laboratory on cholesterol

1. Umchamo kunye negazi. Kufuneka kwenziwe ukubona komtshiso oko.
2. Uhlalutyo ezinto eziphilayo. Ngaloo limisele amazinga eswekile yegazi kunye protein, creatinine, uric acid. Ezi ziphumo zinika ulwazi malunga ngokoyiswa imizimba kunokwenzeka.
3. Lipidogram - indlela engundoqo kokuxilongwa. It bafumanisa ukuba cholesterol-lipid, okanye njengoko zibizwa izinto ezityebileyo-like. Yintoni na? ukuba negalelo kuphuhliso yamafutha (proatherogenic) kunye nokuthintela (lipoproteins) - Kukho iintlobo ezimbini lipids na. Xa umlinganiselo wabo ibalwa factor atherogenic. Ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-3, umngcipheko omkhulu ngenxa yamafutha.
4. Immunoassay. Olu phando kugqiba ubungakanani antibodies egazini. Oku proteni ezithile ziveliswa umzimba kwaye bayakwazi ukutshabalalisa izinto kwamanye amazwe.
5. Yemfuza. Luqhutywa ekufunyanisweni kwe-gene abathwali ulwazi ilifa, leyo bajongene nophuhliso yokosulela hypercholesterolemia.

Izifo ezinxulumene ne hypercholesterolemia

Iimpawu zesi sifo kuchaphazela ubomi bomntu, yaye ixesha elide kuhlala ezingabonakaliyo. Noko ke, cholesterol abaye besanda ngokwanda ebangela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. It kwandisa umngcipheko nezifo ezininzi kakhulu iingxaki. Ezi ziquka: yamafutha kweqondo asezantsi, enyongweni, stroke, kwemithambo, memory ukuphazamiseka, isifo sentliziyo kobuchopho, iposi engabalulekanga, stroke. cholesterol High nzima kakhulu unyango nomfutho seswekile sinwenwa. Zonke ezi zifo unobangela izinga lokusweleka eliphezulu ehlabathini. Kwezonyango ezichaphazelekayo kakhulu ekufumaneni iindlela ukwehlisa ngempumelelo kwinqanaba cholesterol egazini njengenye yeendawo ezinokunceda ukunciphisa izinga lokufa.

imiphumela

Namphi na ugqirha uza kukuxelela ukuba xa kukho ikholesteroli yegazi eyonyukileyo, iziphumo kukukhokela elizayo ezininzi iingxaki. It ingqalelo le yamafutha engundoqo (isifo esinganyangekiyo) - ukuwatywina iindonga kwemithambo kunye licuthe le sayo, nto leyo enokukhokelela ukuphazamiseka igazi. Kuxhomekeka ngendlela migqomo amalungiselelo eziqulathe nebhodi atherosclerotic, iintlobo ekwanti esi sifo:

1. yamafutha Aortic - kukhokelela ixesha elide uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kwaye ikhuthaza ukuyilwa nesifo sentliziyo: exineneyo kunye insufficiency (nokungakwazi ukuthintela ukugeleza kwegazi) ze ivalve aortic.
2. isifo sentliziyo Atherosclerotic (kwemithambo) kukhokelela kuphuhliso kwezifo ezifana:

• iposi engabalulekanga (ukufa imisipha intliziyo ngenxa ekuyekeni igazi kwemali kuyo);
• ukubetha kwentliziyo kakubi;
• ngenhliziyo ukukhubazeka (ukuphazamiseka intliziyo noshowo);
• insufficiency wentliziyo (amahlwempu igazi ubonelelo ngokwamalungu indawo yokuphumla kunye umthwalo, leyo Idla yi stasis igazi);
• yamafutha esengqondweni - ngokonakalisa ahlale evule amehlo, kwaye xa uvimba ngokupheleleyo inqanawa kukhokelela zestrowuku (Cerebral inxenye ukufa);
• Yamafutha kwemithambo kwi izintso, ngenxa wegazi;
• Yamafutha kwemithambo kunokubangela wamathumbu kwamathumbu iposi;
• yamafutha kweqondo asezantsi leyo claudication uveza.

ukungaphili

Yamafutha uneendidi ezimbini iingxaki: ezingapheliyo bukhali. Ngenxa yoko, le yokuqala uqweqwe atherosclerotic kukhokelela ekubeni licuthe le sayo isitya. Ekubeni umonakalo ukwenzeka kunoko kancinci, umcimbi uba ischemia ezingapheliyo apho zizondlo neoksijini abondliwayo yale ayonelanga. iingxaki Acute - kuyinto ukuvela thrombi (egazi igazi), Embolism (egazi igazi ukuba ndimaphule kude ukusuka kwindawo imvelaphi, igazi ngomatshini isitya spasm). Kuyinto abukhali kakhulu lokuvala mithambo kwemithambo yegazi, nto leyo sikhatshwa insufficiency nemithambo (ischemia etsolo), ekhokelela wahlaselwa yintliziyo amalungu ezahlukeneyo.

unyango

Xa kwafunyaniswa ukuba, "hypercholesterolemia" - ukuqala unyango kwindawo yokuqala kunye ukutya engqongqo. Ihlala ngokukhatywa ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso kunye umthamo aphezulu amafutha kunye cholesterol (namasi, cream, zamaqanda, ijeli inyama, isibindi) nokunyusa inani carbohydrate, ingakumbi nefayibha. Inyama edliwayo iphekiweyo kuphela, kufuneka zibandakanywe ekutyeni iziqhamo ezininzi kunye nemifuno, iimveliso zobisi amafutha, intlanzi kunye nokutya kwaselwandle. Kunye nabantu abadla imiselwe umthambo, nto leyo eza kuvumela ukunciphisa impembelelo embi cholesterol ngokungenisa umzimba. Uyakwazi ukwenza phantse nawuphi na umdlalo (njengomtyibilizi, ukuqubha, ukukhwela ibhayisikile, Ukuskiya). It akuyiphazamisi umrhumo yokwenza umthambo kwi imfanelo okanye umzimba. Ukuba hlanganisa kakuhle idayethi umthambo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kukunciphisa izinga cholesterol kwi-10%, nto leyo, ukunciphisa ingozi yesifo sentliziyo nge-2%.

Kwakhona, ugqirha unakho ukumisela amayeza amalungiselelo ezizodwa ezibizwa statins. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunciphisa yegazi ngenxa yokuba ukusebenza eliphezulu kwaye zingasetyenziswa unyango elide (phantse akukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga). Ukuziqhelisa, ukusetyenziswa statins zilandelayo "Rosuvastatin", "Simvastin", "Lovastatin", isodiyam fluvastatin, "calcium atorvastatin". Ukuba unike inkcazelo jikelele statins, singatsho ukuba unciphise amathuba okuba nestroke, reinfarction. Ngexesha ukusetyenziswa kwala machiza iimvavanyo zegazi zengqo- kufuneka kwenziwe. Oku kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthatha nabo kwimeko kuqheleke stop cholesterol. Kufuneka wazi ukuba cholesterol aphezulu sisifo - xa lokuzimela medicate kunye statins akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Umisa ikhondo unyango ngala machiza, ixesha kunye ithamo ugqirha kuphela.

ukuvimbela

Uthintelo de hypercholesterolemia Ngokusisiseko le iseti izenzo ngazo uyakwazi uguguqula kancincane ubungozi - ulawulo ubunzima, ukutya ngokungqongqo ahlanganiswe ifayibha kunye neevithamini, ukumisa ukuselwa kotywala, imisi yemidiza, nto leyo ekhokelela ukwehliswa kwengozi isifo senhliziyo kumaxesha amaninzi, esebenzayo umthambo, glucose lusebenze, uxinzelelo lwegazi. Kuba abantu sele uwuphakamisile yegazi, prophylaxis lwenziwa ngoncedo amayeza. Kuyo nayiphi na kuthintelo kodwa akukho namnye buhlungu ukuzilolonga nokuzola ngokomoya.