Yamehlo Parenchymal. komzimba bathuthumele

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa kusenziwa clinical kukho ikho into parenchymal angakwazi. komzimba yezifo azinxulumanise yokuphazamiseka khetshi ukutya. Ngamagama alula, umzimba waphula phantsi inkqubo yonikezelo kunye ukuqokelelana izondlo, nto leyo ekhokelela (visual) morphological utshintsho. Atyhila leengxaki banokuba icandelo okanye emva uthotho lweemvavanyo kakhulu ezithile. Parenchymal kunye stromal nemithambo yamehlo asisiseko nezifo ezininzi obulalayo.

definition

Parenchymal ukonakala - iinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo ezikhokelela utshintsho kubume iseli amalungu. Phakathi ezisebenza iiseli sifo self cell ukuba amandla intsilelo disorder kunye fermentopathy, ukuphazamiseka discirkulatornaya (igazi, nkovu, interstitium, ulwelo intercellular), yonyango kunye yamehlo lobuchopho.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi angakwazi:

- nokungena, oko kukuthi, izithuthi obugqithisileyo iimveliso igazi yokucolwa ngaphakathi iseli okanye isithuba extracellular ngenxa ukusilela kwiinkqubo enzyme na lomzimba;

- yokubola okanye PHANEROZOIC imele izakhiwo ukubola intracellular, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuphazamiseka nethe kunye nokwanda kweemveliso unoxidized metabolic;

- ezwi ukukwenza ze lunezinto eziqhelekileyo iseli ingadlali;

- inguqu izondlo abangena iseli ukwakha naluphi na uhlobo omnye isiphelo-iimveliso (iiproteni, amafutha okanye carbohydrate).

ngezigaba

Pathologists ezi ntlobo zilandelayo parenchymal dystrophies:

1. Ngokuxhomekeke utshintsho morphological:

- kuphela parenchymal;

- stromal nemithambo;

- ixubene.

2. Ngokutsho uhlobo kwezinto wabutha:

- protein okanye disproteinozy;

- fat okanye lipidoses;

- ekudleni;

- bezimbiwa.

3. Njengoko ukwanda yenkqubo:

- System;

- zendawo.

4. Ngexesha ukwenzeka:

- ezifunyenwe;

- bekhubazekile.

Abo okanye enye parenchymal esibulala komzimba zophendlo lwezifo ichaza kuphela arhente eyonakalisayo, kodwa kwakhona kwi-nkcukacha iiseli abachaphazelekayo. Le nguqulelo kwenye muscular na isondlo kunokwenzeka, kodwa kunokwenzeka ngezifo kuphela zidityanisiwe. Parenchymal ukonakala - lusisiseko senkqubo esivulekayo esiseleni, kodwa inxalenye kuphela ye syndrome bezonyango equka intswelo morphological kwaye olusebenzayo ilungu elithile.

Disproteinozy

Umzimba womntu ikakhulu iqulathe iiprothini, kunye namanzi. iimolekyuli protein yinxalenye ezindongeni, inwebu ye-mitochondria kunye nezinye organelles, ukongeza, ukuba simahla kukho icytoplasm. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko enzymes.

Disproteinozom ngenye indlela kuthiwa ngezifo njengoko parenchymal protein muscular. Kwaye umongo wayo usendleleni yokuba iiproteni cellular Ukutshintsha iimpahla zazo, kwakunye ukulingwa utshintsho kwisakhiwo, ezifana nokuguqulwa okanye kollikvatsiya. Protein-parenchymal muscular libhekisa amathontsi hyaline, hydropic, uphondo kunye granular muscular. Kwi ezintathu zokuqala ziya kubhalwa ngokweenkcukacha, kodwa yokugqibela, granular, ungachazwa ukuba kwiproteni isuke kwi iiseli zengqolowa, ngenxa apho anaba iiseli, kwaye umzimba inyuswe, kuba loose kunye buthuntu. Yiyo loo nto loo muscular granular ekwabizwa ngokuba iindumbisa buthuntu. Ke oosonzululwazi baye ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba parenchymal angakwazi. Necropsy le nkqubo abanjalo anokuthatyathwa ukuze zembuyekezo yombona yonyuke isakhiwo zeselula, njengoko impendulo ntshikilelo ezisebenzayo.

Hyaline kwamathana angakwazi

Nale hlobo muscular kwizisele hyaline kuvela amathontsi ezinkulu ekugqibeleni bahlanganisane ukuze omnye komnye, niwuzalise isithuba engaphakathi iphela iiseli, kancinane okanye atshabalalise organelles zabo. Oku kukhokelela kwilahleko umsebenzi, nkqu neseli nokufa. Isikakhulu sifo lwenzeka kwi izihlunu kwezintso, ubuncinane esibindini nentliziyo.

Ngexesha cytology emva biopsy kwezintso, ukongeza nokwanda kwe hyaline kwi nephrocytes ukubonisa ekutshatyalalisweni lweziqalelo cellular. Le nto ivela xa isigulane eba ukusilela vacuolar-lysosomal, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ukuhla reabsorption leeprothini ukusuka umchamo lokuqala. Amaninzi, le leengxaki kwenzeka nephrotic syndrome. Le iSifo kakhulu rhoqo kwezi zigulane - glomerulonephritis kunye amyloidosis kwezintso. umzimba yangaphandle ayitshintshi xa hyaline kwamathana muscular.

Xa iiseli isibindi imeko thile ezahlukeneyo. Ngexesha microscopy bafumana corpuscles UMallory eziquka fibrils kunye hyaline ezinxilisayo. imbonakalo yabo ezinxulumene nesifo Wilson kaThixo, ihepatitis ebangelwa butywala, kwakunye kwesibindi biliary namaNdiya. Isiphumo sale nkqubo elingamncediyo - zesibindi cell necrosis, ilahleko umsebenzi wayo.

muscular hydropic

Le mbono yohlukile kwezinye dystrophies ukuba iiseli ezosulelwe, organelles omtsha oyokozela ndawoni inye. Kwiimeko ezininzi, into enjalo bunokubonwa eluswini kunye tubule sezintso iiseli esibindini, izihlunu, kwaye ingaba adrenal.

Iiseli microscopically banzi, kukho icytoplasm labo lizele vacuoles nge imixholo ulwelo ngaphaya. Le engundoqo ishenxiselwe okanye lysed, izakhiwo aseleyo basuswe. Ekugqibeleni, lo iseli i "ibhaluni" ezaliswe ngamanzi. Ngoko ke, muscular hydropic maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba ibhaluni.

imizimba sone kuhlala zilolo hlobo zazilulo. Indlela yophuhliso yesi sifo - ukungathobeli uxinzelelo osmotic colloid kwi iseli kwaye kwisithuba intercellular. Ngenxa yale permeability nangakumbi inwebu iseli weseli ufe kwaye ukubola. Izizathu zotshintsho yemichiza enjalo kuba glomerulonephritis, isifo seswekile, amyloidosis sezintso. Utshintsho iiseli esibindini negalelo hepatitis wentsholongwane egazini kunye ityhefu. Esikhumbeni yamehlo hydropic ezinokubangelwa yintsholongwane ye ekupheliseni ingqakaqa.

Iphela inkqubo zophendlo lwezifo ze focal okanye necrosis iyonke, ngoko ke morphology kunye umsebenzi uyehla ngokukhawuleza.

inwebu yamehlo

imizimba yezifo actinic - ke ukuqokelela ngokugqithisileyo zenziwe ngekeratini kwiingcamba phezu eluswini, ezifana hyperkeratosis kunye ichthyosis, kwaye ukuvela ukwimo horny, njengoko umthetho, ukuba babe lapho, kuwo - inwebu yangaphakathi (leukoplakia, carcinomas cell carcinoma). Le nkqubo ibe zombini zasekuhlaleni bebonke.

Izizathu olu hlobo kwezifo zinokuba neengxaki yintsholongwane ectodermal ngexesha embryogenesis, utshintsho ezingapheliyo izihlunu kwiintetho ezikralayo, izifo ezosulelayo ukuqhwalela vitamin.

Ukuba unyango iqalwa ngoko nangoko emva kokuba iimpawu yokuqala, eli laphu zisenako lulama, kodwa kwiimeko phambili, unyango akusekho kunokwenzeka. Long-ekhoyo sites uphondo muscular unako ukuba idlulele ekubeni ngumhlaza eluswini, kwaye ichthyosis naso aluhambisani nobomi Palsy.

muscular zamafa

Ilifa parenchymal ukonakala zenzeka ngenxa fermentopathia naso. Ezi zifo zibizwa kwakhona izifo zokugcina baye ngenxa ukuphazamiseka pathways, iimveliso yokucolwa yande kwizisele kunye neencindi zomzimba, yingozi kuyo. Abameli ezaziwayo-kakuhle eli qela zezi phenylketonuria, tirozinoz kunye cystinosis.

amalungu ekujoliswe for phenylketonuria kukho inkqubo luvo, izihlunu, ulusu, kunye ulwelo (igazi, umchamo). Iimveliso pathways e tirozinoze yande esibindini iiseli, izintso kunye namathambo. Cystinosis ikwachaphazela kwesibindi kunye nezintso, kodwa ngaphandle kubo, udakada ukubandezeleka, amehlo, lomongo wethambo, inkqubo emithanjeni kunye nesikhumba.

lipidoses

Lipids equlethwe kwiseli nganye, inokuba ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye zidityaniswe kunye kwiiproteni kunye neeyunithi kwesakhiwo ukuba imifinya iseli, kwakunye nezinye ultrastructures. Ngaphezu koko, xa kukho icytoplasm yi glycerol uyadinga asidi. Ukuze zibonwe zomzimba usebenzisa iindlela ezizodwa bokulungisa kunye amabala, ezifana Sudan emnyama okanye obomvu, osmic acid, Nile sulphate oluhlaza. Emva amalungiselelo ezithile zoqeqesho kuhlolwa ngenyameko phantsi kwemikroskopu.

Parenchymal okunamafutha ukonakala ubonisa njengoko wayenemfuyo ngokugqithisileyo ngamanqatha apho kufuneka, kunye ukubonakala lipids akukho apho kufuneka ungabi nabo. Batyekele ukuqokelela amafutha cala. amalungu ekujoliswe ziyafana naleyo kwiproteni muscular - intliziyo, nezintso nomhlehlo wesibindi.

Amafutha parenchymal muscular engabalulekanga luqala ukuvela myocytes zamathontsana amancinci kakhulu nenqatha, oko kukuthi. N. ukutyeba ungacolwanga. Ukuba le nkqubo akayeki kwesi sigaba, ngoko ekugqibeleni amathontsi coalesce waba mkhulu, ide neyendlu yonke icytoplasm. Organelles oko ukudilika, iifayibha izihlunu striated inyamalala. Isifo kubonakala asekuhlaleni jikelele ebhedini lwemithambo yegazi.

Awunazo parenchymal okunamafutha yamehlo izibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, yonke into ixhomekeke nqanaba lenkqubo. Ekuqaleni loxilongo ingenziwa kuphela phantsi ngemicroscope, kodwa ixesha intliziyo linyuke esisuka iiseli, neendonga zaso zibe angamarhoqorhoqo, flabby, kunye necandelo le myocardium ingabonwa imivumbo off-yellow. Le pathophysiology kulo mzimba weza kunye negama "tiger intliziyo".

Aphezu angakwazi amalungu parenchymal kukukhulisa ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili.

1. Ukuziswa kwandisa fatty simahla kwiiseli engabalulekanga.
2. Ukophulwa ukutya okunamafutha.
3. Ukuwa izakhiwo lipoprotein ngaphakathi kwi seli.

Amaninzi, ezi ndlela okubangelwa ngexesha hypoxia, usulelo (isifo somqala, isifo sephepha, nokudumba) kunye ukunxila chlorine, phosphorus okanye esiyityhefu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, yamehlo okunamafutha na ingathityazwa, kwaye umonakalo izakhiwo yeseli yehliswe kwexesha. Kodwa ukuba le nkqubo isebenza ngamandla, yonke iphela ekufeni yethishyu nogwali. Oonoklinikhi silandela izifo ezinxulumene ukuqokelelana kwamafutha iiseli:

- isifo Gaucher kaThixo;

- isifo Tay-Sachs;

- isifo Niemann-Pick, kunye nabanye.

ekudleni muscular

Zonke carbohydrate, apho ibekwe umzimba lungohlulwa lube polysaccharides (iqhelekileyo yona glycogen), glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides: hyaluronic acid kunye chondroitin, lweeHedfowuni), kunye glycoproteins (mucins, ngamanye amazwi ke yencindi yomlomo kunye mucoid).

Ukuze kuchongwe carbohydrate iiseli zomzimba, uvavanyo oluthile luyenziwa - Schick basabela. umongo wayo kukuba laphu iphathwa gqwa acid, kwaye ke magenta. Kunye aldehydes ajika abe bomvu. Ukuba ufuna ukukhetha glycogen, wezenzi ziyongezwa kwi-amylase. Glycosaminoglycans kunye glycoproteins zidyojwe methylene oluhlaza. Parenchymal ekudleni muscular enxulumene ngokuqhelekileyo nokuphazamiseka pathways of glycogen kunye glycoproteins.

Ukophulwa of glycogen ukutya

Glycogen - it igcina zomzimba "mini ngemvula yindlala." Inkoliso yabo zigcinwe esibindini kunye nemisipha kwaye uchitha mandla ngokonga kakhulu. Ulawulo ekudleni lokugaya kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa inkqubo neuroendocrine. Eyona ndima ephambili udlalwa, njengesiqhelo, inkqubo hypothalamic-yebhinqa. Yavelisa iihomoni utshixelo ezilawula bonke abanye namadlala yonyango.

Ukophulwa glycogen lokugaya na ukwanda okanye ukuncipha imali yayo zomzimba, ukubonakala apho kufuneka kube. Kakhulu ngokucacileyo ezinjalo utshintsho kwenzeka iswekile sinwenwa okanye ilifa yokugcina glycogen. Pathogenesis seswekile iqondwa kakuhle: iiseli zepancreas liyeka ukuvelisa insulin kwi isixa esifunekayo, namandla cell oovimba ngoku olusele ngokukhawuleza njengoko glucose ntoni angakhuli ancedisana idubule emzimbeni nomchamo. Umzimba "ivula" koovimba bayo, yaye ngokuyintloko iphuhlise parenchymal ukonakala kwesibindi. Xa eziba hepatocytes kuvela ngamathuba iqonda, kwaye ayakhanya. Ngenxa yoko, zibizwa ngokuba "engundoqo engenanto".

glycogenoses ilifa ebangelwa ukungabikho okanye ukungabikho enqanda ababandakanyeka beqokelela glycogen. izifo ezifana ngoku eyaziwa 6:

- isifo Gierke kaThixo ;

- isifo Pompe ;

- Glycogen uhlobo lwesifo yokugcina V;

- isifo ukumsindisa ';

- Forbes-Cori izifo;

- isifo Andersen kaThixo.

zahlula uphethwe yabo kunokwenzeka emva kokuba uhlalutyo isibindi biopsy kunye nokusetyenziswa gistofermentnogo.

Ukophulwa of glycoprotein ukutya

Le esibulala parenchymal ebangelwe sokuzuza ancedisana ye mucins okanye mucoids. Kungenjalo, le muscular kwakhona ngokuba yangaphakathi okanye mucoid, ngenxa uphawu inclusions guquki. Ngamanye amaxesha angemi phezu mucins okwenyaniso, kodwa ezinxulumene kuphela izinto ezinokuthi etywiniweyo. Kulo mzekelo, kufikwa colloidal muscular.

Microscopy yethishyu ukujonga kuphela isibakala lobukho yencindi, kodwa iimpawu zayo. Ngenxa yokuba doti zeselula kunye secretion viscous kuthintela ukuphuma eqhelekileyo ulwelo evela namadlala, cysts kwakheka, kwaye imixholo yazo zidla komtshiso oko.

Izinto ezibangela le hlobo muscular yahluke kakhulu, kodwa kaninzi ke umtshiso catarrhal le yangaphakathi. Ukongeza, ukuba isifo ilifa, umzekelo pathogenetic elingana kakuhle ngaphakathi kwinkcazelo a muscular yangaphakathi. Le abanesigulo esinganyangekiyo. nepancreas abachaphazelekayo, wamathumbu, womchamo, iphecana biliary, amadlala ukubila kunye namadlala amathe.

Isigqibo ngohlobo sifo ixhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nobungakanani ukubhobhoza kwayo yencindi yomlomo. sele kudlule ixesha ngaphantsi ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkqubo lwezidumbu, kokukhona ukuba yangaphakathi angachacha ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko desquamation epithelial, sclerosis, kunye yaphula umsebenzi omzimba achaphazelekayo.