I-Batik yabaqalayo: iingcebiso zabaphathi kwiiqalayo. Izifundo zeBatik kubaqalayo: indlela yokufunda ubugcisa be-batik?

Ehlabathini kukho inani elikhulu lezinto ezininzi zobugcisa. Phakathi kwabo, i-batik imele, eyiminyaka emakhulu ayizange ilahlekelwe yiyo yonke indawo emhlabeni jikelele. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, yinto ehamba phambili kwimfashini. Akuyimfuneko ukuthenga izinto ezizenzileyo ezenziwe ngezandla. Ubu bugcisa basendulo bufumaneka kumntu ofuna. Izinto ezizodwa zingadalwa ngokuzimeleyo, zikwazi ukwenza i-batik kubaqalayo.

Imbali yentshukumo yamandulo

Igama lobugcisa obuyingqayizivele wengubo yengubo livela kwigama lesi-Indonesian elithi "batik". I-syllable "ba" ithetha "ikhaphu yeconti", kunye ne "tik" lithetha "ukulahla", "idayiti". I-Batik yabaqalayo ngegama eliqhelekileyo lelizwi ngumzobo onobumba wemicimbi. Olu hlobo lwepeyinti yelinen lusekhnoloji ekhethekileyo yokucubungula, ukudweba nokuhlobisa izinto ezifanelekileyo zesakhiwo. Kwiziqithi zonke zaseIndonesia naseNdiya, abantu baye basebenzisa le ndlela yokwenza iimfate ngeedayi zangokwemvelo kangangamakhulu eminyaka. Ukuthandwa kakhulu kunye nophuhliso lweendlela zokudala i-batik yamukelwe. Java.

Indwangu eyenziwe ngesandla yayisetyenziswe kwisiseko phantsi komzobo. Uqeqesho lwakhe lunikezelwa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Indwangu yayixubile, ibilisiwe, i-bleached. I-Masters ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zifezekiswe ukulingana kwayo kunye nobunzima obufunekayo. Umzobo wesinqununu omnye unokuthatha iintsuku eziliqela. Izigaba zayo eziphambili zazi: ukuxaka, ukucaza, ukuma. Izenzo ezinjalo zaphinda ziphindwe kaninzi kwaze kwafunyanwa umzekelo wemibala emininzi. Kwezinye iimeko, unyango lwama-tissue lwaluquka ama-5-10. I-recipe yokwenza imibala yemvelo isalinde ngokucophelela. Ngokutsho kweengubo, ubuhlobo bentsapho yomntu, yakhe ye-caste kunye nesimo sentlalo senziwa. Izifundo zoomdwebo zahlukile: ukusuka kwiimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi kunemifanekiso engabonakaliyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo babehambisa iinjongo zenkolo kunye neenjongo. Nangona ukusabalalisa ngokubanzi lobu bugcisa e-Indonesia, iYurophu neMelika kubonakala kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.

Iisiseko zobugcisa bokupenda

I-Batik yabaqalayo isekelwe ekusebenziseni kwimidwebo yezandla ezilula. Kule meko, ezo ndawo azidingeki ukuba zidwetswe ziza kuqala nge-wax okanye iqela elithile le-rubber. Emva kokuxilisa izicubu eziphathekayo kwisitya kunye nokubunjwa kombala, izalathisi zayo zisuswe kakuhle. Ukufezekisa iphethini elinezinto ezininzi, phinda inkqubo eninzi ngamaxesha. Naluphi na ulinen kufuneka uhlambuluke ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi.

Indlela ebandayo yokudala i-batik

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana i-batik ebalulekileyo. Kubaqalayo, unokuncoma indlela ebizwa ngokuthi "kubanda". Isekelwe kwisicelo kwiingqungquthela ezikhethekileyo ezisekelwe kwi-glue glue. I-batik yeFold isetyenziselwa ukutshisa i-silika, nangona kunokwenzeka ukucwangcisa ezinye iingubo.

Isiseko sale ndlela "ukulungiswa kwetyala", oku kuthetha ukusetyenziswa kwinqumle into ethile ukulungiselela ukugqamisa nokugcina iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemvelaphi kunye nemifanekiso. I-batik ebandayo yabaqalayo yaqalwa emva kwexesha "elitshisa". Le ndlela yokucubungula izicubu iyenzeka ngokuphuhliswa kweekhemistri.

Ukunciphisa izandi kwi-batik ebandayo

Uluhlu olulungele ukulungiswa yiyona nto yongqinelanayo "Gutta", eveliswa yi-firm "Kroyl". Amabhodlela kunye nezibhabhane ezinezibilini ezikhethekileyo-iibhululo zamadamitha ahlukeneyo zisebenza kakhulu. Le nkunkuma ebomvu ikhona kwi-petroli kunye namanzi. Kukho imibala enemibala kunye engenambala. Ubuncwane obuncitshisiweyo kunye nokulungelelanisa ngumxube we-rubber glue, i-wax kunye ne-petroli. Ama-gram ayi-500 amagumbi okugcina ikhaya uya kufuna 50 g yeglue, 430 g ye-petroli, 20 g ye- arix okanye 220 g yeglue, 230 g ye-petroli, 50 g yeparafini. Uluhlu olunjalo lufanele lusetyenziswe ngezixhobo ezizodwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ityhubhu yeglasi enegumbi isetyenziselwa oku.

Imifanekiso yeBatk yabaqalayo ibhetele ukukhetha imihlobiso okanye imfesane. Njengoko uphucula kwaye uzuze uqeqesho, unako ukufudukela kwiipateni eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nenhle.

Izidingo ezisisiseko kwiBatik ebandayo

Ukuze ungangonakalisi umsebenzi kunye nomsebenzi wakho onzima, kuyimfuneko ukugcina imithetho emininzi yokusebenza ngendawo ebandayo:

• Ubunzima kufuneka bube nokuhambelana okuyimfuneko;

• umgca kufuneka usebenziswe ngomgca oqhubekayo;

• Ukubukhali kunye nokucaca komgca wecala kufakazela isiqalo somsebenzi wonke.

"Umlilo" onobubhathaka kwi-batik yabaqalayo

Olu hlobo lokulungiswa kweendwangu lubhekwa njengenguqu enkulu kunazo zonke. Njengomthetho, kubizwa ngokuthi "i-batik eshushu". Inkunkuma ebomvu kulo mzekelo isetyenziswe kuphela. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-wax etyhidiweyo, umlinganiselo weeqhekeza ezingenagqityiweyo kunye nemibala kudala iipateni ezahlukeneyo zokupenda. Ubungqina bokuba i-batik yukuthi nokuba uzama ukuphinda ngokuchanekileyo umhlobiso nge stencil akunakwenzeka ukufumana iikopi ezifanayo. I-Wax isetyenzisiwe isebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo, esibizwa nge-Indonesia ngokuthi "kucula". Kule meko, ifomu layo lingahluke, kwaye umgaqo wesenzo uhlala ufana. Iindawo ezihlanganiswe ne-wax azifumani upende kunye nokunciphisa ukusabalala kwayo. Le ndlela isetyenziswe, njengommiselo, wokubala umbala owenziwe ngekotoni.

Izinketho eziMnandi

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina:

• i-500 g yomlinganiselo weex umbane;

• 250 g ye-stearin okanye iparafini, i-230 g yexia yokufakelwa, 20 g yeVaselini yobugcisa ;

• 400 g ye-stearin okanye iparafini, i-100 g yengxube yemvelo.

Ubuninzi obuninzi buyancibilika de kube yunifomu. Kuluhlu lubeka phezu kwendlela echazwe ngayo. Emva kokupholisa ukulolonga, izinto eziphathekayo zityhatywe kwaye i-resix ye-wax iyahlulwa. Xa udala iipateni ezidibeneyo ezininzi, uzakufuna ukusebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo indawo yokugcina kunye nombala kwizinto ezifunwayo. Emva kokufumana isiphumo sokugqibela, i-resix ye-wax isuswe, amaxesha amaninzi afaka isalathisi ngephepha lokubamba.

Uphuhliso kunye nokuhlukahluka kwe-batik yanamhlanje

Ekubeni abaculi bezakhono kunye nabaqambi beengubo baxabisa bonke ubuhle kunye nobungcali beli qhinga lokucubungula iimpahla, ukuya kutsho, izikolo eziye zadalwa ziqeqesha abo bafuna le nto. Ngexesha elifanayo, izifundo ze-batik kubaqalayo ziquka iindlela zokusebenzisa isi-Indonesian kuphela zokusebenzisa i-wax kunye neepende kwi-cotton, kodwa "ne-bundle", "i-knotted", i-blue-white-white-white-white-white-white. Kukho olunye uhlobo lwezonyango zomzimba, oludla ngokuba luthi "i-batik yabaqalayo". Le yinto ebizwa ngokuthi "umdwebo wamahhala". Nangona kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukwenza, iindlela ezintathu ezihlukeneyo zisetyenziswe kuyo. Ifaka i-watercolor, i-stencil kunye negraphic. Umxube onjalo weendlela zokusebenza kunye nezicubu kwakungenxa yamaDutch, awazisa eYurophu kunye nendlela yokuvelisa, kwaye kanye igama elithi "batik". I-teknoloji yabaqalayo inokukhethwa, nokuba njengamava ekusebenzeni ngamacwecwe kunye neepende ziqokelela, ziya kwandiswa ngezinye iindlela zokwenza izibonda.

Imiqathango yokusebenza yokudala i-batik

Ngaphandle kweendwangu ezingcono, amapayipi akhethekileyo kunye neendawo zokugcina, ngaphandle kwentlangano enobulungisa bentsebenziswano, akunakwenzeka ukufumana iimveliso ezintle kunye ezizinzileyo. Igumbi lokudala i-batik kufuneka libe lucala, lomoya, lome kwaye lushise. Umsebenzi uza kuyidinga isithebhile ecocekileyo kunye nesakhelo esikhulu okanye isalathisi, apho iqhosha liza kugqitywa khona. Imba kufuneka ityulwe kakuhle, kuba ukuguquka kunokuphazamisa umhlathi wempendulo. Njengomthetho, iingubo ezimanzi zolulelwe kwi-stretcher, kwaye emva kokumisa kuya kufakelwa. Ukupenda kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nesethi yamatope (kubhakti ebandayo), iibhawusi ezikhethekileyo ezineendawo zokugcina, iibrashi, iiflates, iifom zamapende, isitya sokubala umbala. Ukuqhutyelwa kokutshintshwa kwezinto eziphathekayo uzakufuna ithuluzi elikhethekileyo "ukulila". Njengeemichiza, ukunika izicubu ezizodwa iziphumo, ungadinga utywala, ityuwa kunye ne-urea.