Yintoni umhlaba onokuphila ngoko ke ikhona?

Ingqiqo "Reserves" elaqanjwa kudala. Ekuqaleni kuso ngokubiza emvelo ngombandela ongenakufa leyo isiseko ephilileyo. Kungenjalo ingqikelelo kwiqokobhe eziphilayo Umhlaba unika komhlaba yaseOstriya Eduard Suess ngo-1875. Nguye kwincwadi yakhe "The Origin of the Alps" iphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni umhlaba onokuphila. Ngokwembono yakhe, yinto iqokobhe akangaphandle Umhlaba, leyo wadalwa ngayo izinto eziphilayo. Le nkcazo ixhaswa izazinzulu ezininzi - njengabantu bomhla E. Suess kwaneyethu.

Kamva ngo-1926, V. I. Vernadsky incedisana ingqiqo. Yintoni umhlaba onokuphila ngokungqinelana iimfundiso VI Vernadsky? Isazinzulu kwincwadi yakhe ithi ukuba ulusu eziphilayo Umhlaba zenza nje umzimba, kodwa imeko yazo., T. E. Ifezekisa inkcazo E. Suess component biogeochemical. Noko ke, asingabo bonke izazinzulu ukuxhasa umbono VI Vernadsky. Ngoko ke, ngalo mzuzwana kukho ezimbini ngokulinganayo definition "semvelo": yi Suess (ukuqonda emxinwa) kunye Vernadsky (nengqiqo ebanzi).

Ngokutsho iimfundiso Vernadsky, iqokobhe ophilileyo ixhaswa amandla elanga kwaye nemida yayo. imida semvelo, kunye nemida zobomi on Earth idibana. Ngoko ke, lo umda Imintla kwintaba ephakame 15-20 km (yonke eziFihliweyo kunye stratosphere ongezantsi); ulwandle esezantsi emangalisayo kunye ulwandle iinzulu umsele ezingaphezu kwe-10 km kwaye umhlaba umhlaba kubunzulu km-3. Iziphumo zhiznideyatelnosti eziphilayo ezibonwa ngokohlobo zeengxondorha sedimentary kubunzulu enkulu. Inxalenye eseleyo Iqokobhe Umhlaba, apho kungekho ubomi, ngokunjalo isithuba sangaphandle ukuze iqokobhe baphile bume umhlaba wethu.

Ngoko ke yintoni na emaMpondweni ngengqiqo mihla, kwaye yintoni kuthetha ntoni na khona? Ngokusekelwe kwiimfundiso E. Suess kunye Vernadsky, banikwe ezisanda, sinokuthi "Ubomi Ball" - i kwimeko thermodynamic zoMhlaba, "umsebenzi" oluqhutywa yi impefumlelwano ophilileyo (zasemanzini) kunye engaphiliyo (abiotic) amacandelo. Ubume ngayo eli candelo libandakanya zonke eziphilayo kunye yokutyiwa zabo, zezulu, amanzi kunye iqokobhe umhlaba oqinileyo, yona leyo nelinabemi izinto kunye notshintsho phantsi kwempembelelo umsebenzi wabo.

Ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kwale Iqokobhe Umhlaba kufuneka ube kwiipropati ezithile iipropati enceda ukuba khona.

Eyona engundoqo iimpawu ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila:

1. Umbindi - ephilayo.
2. Lutho: ukuba kufuneka amandla olufumaneka ngaphandle - amandla elanga.
3. Self-ummiselo (homeostasis): iyakwazi kubuyela kwimo yaso yesiqhelo, usebenzisa ezinye indlela. Ngokomzekelo, abemi izinto zomhlaba kunye revegetation emva ukujaduka mlilo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko ipropati ukusebenza ngenxa yokungenelela kwabantu ngokwendalo (loo agrocenoses indalo, t. E. I eziphila elibona abanalo ubuchule bokulungisa ngokwabo).
4. A iyantlukwano enkulu kweentlobo, eqinisekisa ukuzinza kwalo.
5. Edume lomba.

UPawulos bephendula umbuzo, yintoni na umhlaba onokuphila, singatsho ukuba lo, iqokobhe ekhethekileyo baphile Umhlaba, a eziphilayo kwihlabathi ilinganiselwe, kunye neempawu ezithile ezinceda ukuba khona.