I-bumtic ye-bhatum yokungena kwamanzi isiseko: ukusetshenziswa, isicelo

Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okufikeleleka kwaye kufumaneke ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kuye kwahlala kukunyango lwebhitumen kwezakhiwo zezitena kunye nekhonkrithi, kunye namathangi, imithando yamaplanga, iipayipi kwintsimbi kunye nezinye izinto zokwakha. Olu luhlobo lwendalo yonke.

Ngaphambili, kwakukho ubunzima bexesha elide ekusebenziseni - i-bitumen kwafuneka ichithwe kwaye isetyenziswe ngexesha ishushu. Ngoku iingxaki ezinjalo azikho ukubonga ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwee-solvents. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-mastic ngemisebenzi yokungenwa kwamanzi malunga ne-2-3 kg / m ² , iveliswa ngendlela ekulungele. Ukuze kwenziwe isicelo kufuneka ukuba uthathe inxaxheba ngaphezu kwabantu ababini.

Kukwafanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le ingubo isetyenziselwa ukuphazamisa nokuphuka kumaqondo atshisayo aphantsi. Ngoku le ngxaki ixazululwe ngoncedo lwee-additives ezahlukeneyo kunye neeplasticizers. Ngoko ukuphuhliswa kweekhemisthi kuye kwaba negalelo elihle kumgangatho weziko kunye nomsebenzi.

Iintlobo zeMastics

I-bhattic ye-Bittic yokungena kwamanzi isiseko idibene kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Zineenkcenkcesha kwiimvolumu, izixhobo eziphazamisayo, iindlela zokwenza isicelo, ukubunjwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ukuhlukahluka kwe-polymmer okuqhelekileyo kunqabile kwaye kwiimpawu zabo zilahlekelwa yi-bituminous. Phakathi kweentlobo eziphambili zilandelayo:

• Ukuqala, okanye ukubunjwa kwe-emulsion, ubuninzi bamanzi obuthuli oluthile, isicelo esilona sikhulu ukulungiselela indawo yokulungiselela impahla okanye imastic yolunye uhlobo.
• Ubuninzi be-polymeric, kwisakhiwo sezinto ezizahlukahlukeneyo, ezifana nezamaminerali, iimvumba zerabha. Izinto zePolymer zizinto ezigunyazisiweyo, ezinokuba yi-polyurethane okanye i-polystyrene.
• I-mastic ye-Rubber inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokunyaniseka okukhulu kakhulu nge-viscosity ephantsi, ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba unxweme ngokucacileyo isiseko sekhonkrithi.
• Ukufakela kwe-Rubber iqulethe i-emulsion okanye i-chips ye-rubber. Kwezinye iimeko, isicelo esishushu siyimfuneko.
• Ukwakhiwa kwebhitumen kufuna ukufudumala ukuya kwiqondo lokushisa elithile ukuze kunikezwe ukunyaniseka okufunekayo.
• I-Mastic enezimbizo zombumbano , ingaba ne-asbestos, i-ash, i-samente okanye isiko.

Yintoni ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okusetyenziswayo?

Indlu ngokwazo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo kufuneka zikhuseleke kwiqhwa elithe qhaqhaqho, ukuthungwa kwamanzi, i-capillary kunye namanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kusetyenziswe iteknoloji yesiseko. I-mastic ye-Bittic iya kwenza ibe yinto engabizi kwaye iyasebenza. Umlinganiselo onjalo uya kunceda ukukhusela ukunyuka kokungena kwisiseko kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo.

Isakhiwo esithintekayo sekhonkrit ngokukhawuleza sithatha amanzi, ngenxa yokuba umdaka ungena kwisakhiwo kwaye kubangele ukubonakala kwe-mold kunye ne-fungus. Ukongezelela, ngokugqithiseleyo kwexesha, ukuqiniswa kwakhona kuyaqala ukuphazamisa, kubangele ukuba kwenzeke iintluko kwisakhiwo. Isiseko somgangatho, esikhuselekile ukususela kumanzi, siqinisekiso sokusebenza kwexesha elide lonke indlu.

Ukuchithwa kwamanzi kunokuba nempembelelo eyahlukileyo kwisiseko, kuxhomekeke kubukho bendawo, umgangatho womhlaba, umgangatho wamanzi. Ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo lufunekayo kwizakhiwo kula macala alandelayo:

• Xa kulungiswa isakhiwo kumhlaba ongenawo amanzi;
• Ukuba isiseko sinomlinganiselo ophantsi kumgangatho wamanzi;
• Ukuba umgama kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba ungaphantsi komitha omnye.

I-mastic ye-Bitumin yokungena kwamanzi isiseko: iimpawu zokusebenza kunye nezinto eziphathekayo

Umoya omhlophe, i-petroli kunye ne-toluene yizona zixazululo eziqhelekileyo. Yingakho egumbini elivaliweyo xa usebenza kunye neemali, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yokhuseleko kuyadingeka, ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kweziglasi kunye nokuphefumula. Ukusetyenziswa kwesi sithuba kudibanisa kwimoya evulekileyo ukuba iimeko zemozulu zishisa.

Isakhiwo se-bhitumen sokungena kwamanzi isiseko senziwe ngokukodwa ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweengcombolo zendalo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kuba ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqhagamshelane neengubo zokuqhawula i-thermal ezenziwe nge-polystyrene kunye ne-foam. Kwakhona, abayikukhupha imiphunga enesifo esicayo.

Izinto eziphathekayo zinokuthi ziqulethe iincinci: ii-glass elements, fibers ezahlukeneyo. Ngenjongo kunokwenzeka ukudibana ne-mastics jikelele, ukulungiswa kwephahla, ngokusebenza ngeendlela zokugubungela, ukwenzela ukukhawuleza kwento ehlanganisiwe, ukukhutshwa kwamanzi.

Yintoni omele uyihlawule ngayo

Kwiivenkile, iimpawu zendalo yonke, ezifanelekileyo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ziboniswa ngokubanzi. Kodwa ngenxa yesiphumo esihle, ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ezenziwe kwiimeko ezijoliswe kuzo, kuyinqweneleka. Ingaba yimboyi yokungena ngamanzi, i-mastic yokugaya izitena okanye iipayipi zensimbi, ukubunjwa kokungena kwamanzi uphahla okanye isiseko, nabanye.

Izixhobo ze-Bitumen-polym zibonakaliswa yimpawu ezingcono zendlela yokusebenza, zinamathela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, nokuba ziyi-ruberoid, ilitye okanye ukhuni, kwaye zenza iingubo ezinokuthenjwa, ezithembekileyo zefilimu ezingatshintshi izixhobo zamakhemikhali kunye nezinto eziphathekayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokushisa.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuzinza nokunyamezela ukunyanzeliswa kwengqondo, ngenxa yeendleko ezingaphezulu kwesiseko sokungena kwamanzi. Ixabiso lihluke phakathi kwabavelisi abahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo liqala ukusuka kuma-ruble angu-360 nganye ipakethe (17 kg).

Ubungakanani bento efunekayo

Iindleko zemastic yenye yezona zibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo. Le parameter inokufumaneka kwi-packaging product. Xa kungabikho, ubuncinci obunconywayo kufuneka buqatshelwe, okuya kuvumela ukubala inani elilinganayo lobunjwa bemisebenzi. I-Mastic iqulethe i-solvents 20 ukuya ku-60%, ngokulandelanayo, ukutshatyalaliswa emva kokuhanjiswa kuya kufana nepesenti ezifanayo. Ukusetyenziswa kunokufikelela kwi-4 kg / m ^2; Ukuba isiseko singaphantsi kwamanzi, intengo yomsebenzi ngenxa yoko yanda, ingakumbi ukuba i-mastic iyashisa ngokukhawuleza. Ukufezekisa ukubaluleka kwengubo efunekayo, loo nto ifakwe kwiibalo eziliqela, ngasinye sisetyenziswe emva kokuba umva wangaphambili usomile ngokupheleleyo.

Ukutywina iteksi

Itheyipu yokukhupha amanzi yinto e-elastic, engenanzi ngamanzi engathintekiyo ngamaqondo ambi kunye nokumelana nokunyanzeliswa kwamanzi. Isiseko i-polyester yelinen ecikiweyo eneengubo ze-polymmer. Isakhiwo se-net of knitwear sinikeza inqindi ekhuselekileyo.

Ukudibana kwengubo ejongene nayo kunye nefayili ifom ephezulu engaphathanga iisombululo ze-hydrochloric, i-acids kunye ne-alkali. Izinto ezichasene nokuguga kwaye inezinga elihle kakhulu lokulula. Ingasetyenziselwa umsebenzi womsebenzi wangaphandle nangaphakathi.

Itheyiphu yokuzibamba

I-tape yesicelo sokungena kwamanzi uhlobo lokubamba ngokubambisana lunokwenzeka kwiindawo zokuhlambela, amagumbi okuhlambela kunye neminye imisebenzi yangaphakathi. Iqukethe impahla engeyiyo eboshwe kunye ne-polyethylene yokugaya kunye ne-adhesive side-surface nge-acrylic base. Isetyenziselwa kunye kunye neendlela zokungena kwamanzi kwiindawo zokukhungulwa kunye nokuxininiswa kwengcinezelo, kwiindawo ezizimeleyo, kwintsebenziswano phakathi komgangatho kunye nodonga, kumacangca angaphandle nangaphakathi.

Umsebenzi wokuqala

Umgangatho wengqimba emva kokuguga ngokupheleleyo kwekhonkrit ihlanjululwe kakuhle ngothuli, uthuli nesanti. Ukuphucula ukuxhaswa, indawo yesicelo esicetywayo se-mastic iphathwa nge- bitumen primer. Ukongezwa kwesinye isangqa kuyadingeka ukuba ubuninzi bobunjwa obukhoyo bufakwe kwizinto eziphathekayo. Ubungakanani bengubo buyagqitywa ngokubaluleka kwetoni emnyama, apho uphethwe khona. Isalathisi se-primer sisasazwa ngokusebenzisa i-roller okanye i-mackerel.

Inkqubo yekhompyutha

Umgca ophezulu ungasetyenziswa emva kweeyure ezingama-24 emva kokusebenzisa i-primer. Ukulungele ukusebenza nayiphi na i-mastic yamatum yokungena kwamanzi isiseko. Ubunzima obukhulu bunokuhlanjululwa ngomoya omhlophe usebenzisa umbhobho kunye nomxube wokuxuba. Ukuba umsebenzi uyenziwa kumaqondo asembi, ukubunjwa kuyatshiswa kwifom ye-metallic ukuya kuma-40-60 degrees. Ukunyamekela kufuneka kuthathelwe ukuphepha ukunxibelelana komlilo kunye nokukhuphuka.

Ukuvalwa kwamanzi ngebhitumen kwenziwa nge-spatula, roller okanye ibrashi ekhethekileyo. Uluhlu kufuneka lube lukhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwemida. Ukuze uququzelele umsebenzi, ungasebenzisa ibamba elide kumgcini we-roller.

Xa usebenzisa i-agent ye-bitumen-polym, engenayo i-solvents, i-insulator eyenziwe nge-polystyrne okanye i-foam ifakwe kwi-above. Ezi zinto zihlanganiswe kwi-mastic kunye ne-solvents kuphela emva kokumiswa ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle koko ukukhukuliseka kwesakhiwo samacwecwe kunye nokulwa kwabo kwi-junction kuya kwenzeka.

Izibonelelo zesicelo esibanda

I-bittic yamatum yamanje yokungena kwamanzi isiseko, i-GOST 30693 2000, ineenzuzo ezininzi, phakathi kwazo ezifanele ukuphawula ixesha elide lokuphila, ukulungiswa kwesicelo kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo. Le nto ibumba isambatho esingenasiphelo esitywinwe ngokukhawulekayo, ngenxa yobungqina bamaplastiki kunye nezinye izithako, aphuli kunye nokushisa okunciphisa kwaye unamandla okuhlala kunye namandla. Kodwa ukuba isicelo sokwakheka singaphakathi kwamandla omntu wonke, ngoko kwimeko nganye, ingcali kuphela kufuneka inqume isicelo. Oku kusebenza nakwixesha lokusebenza, ubuninzi bomgca kunye nohlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo.