I-Golitsyn Manor: i-museum, ipaki kunye necawa

Ngexesha lamaRashiya aseRashiya, iintsapho ezizimeleyo zinemihlaba emikhulu. Emva kokuguqulwa kwe-1917 kunye neMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, bambalwa kubo babenenhlanhla yokuphila. Impahla yeGolitsyn yenye yeendawo ezazisinda kwiziganeko zembali eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, zabuyiselwa, zaba yimyuziyam kwaye zaba phantsi koKhuseleko lwe-Federal Programme yaseRashiya. Ngaphakathi kwegceke kukho izakhiwo zezindlu kunye nezakhiwo, imfuyo kunye ne-horseyards, imifanekiso, ipaki, itempileni ...

Imbali yokubonakala kweendoda kunye negama layo

Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kwendawo, eyayihlala kwindawo yokuhlala kweenkosana iGolitsyn, iyingxenye yekhulu le-XVII. Kwakuyindlu yeendwendwe yaseNikokolo-Ugreshsky kunye negalelo. Kamva, ngo-1702, wanikelwa uGeorgy Stroganov, unyana we-shishini, inzala yentsapho ezukileyo. Ekuqaleni, wafumana ilitye kunye nedonki, kwaye ke ama-asetelands azungezile.

Ngo-1716, ukwakhiwa kwecawa yaqala, eyayihlanjululwa ngokuhlonipha i-Vlaherna Icon yoMama kaThixo. Emva kokugqitywa kokwakhiwa, indawo yeZizminki yaqanjwa ngokuthi yiVlaherna. Igama linikwe ixesha elidlulileyo kangangokuba akukho mntu ukhumbula ukuba kutheni igama lokugaya lathi: umnikazi wangaphambili u-Kuzma, okanye i-monasteri yazala amagama kaZuma noDanila. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1740 uGeorge Stroganov ufumana iVizminki ngokusetyenziswa komntu ngamnye kwaye uqala ukuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye ngoko yilapho ibumbi ladalwa, eliye lasinda nanamhla.

Umntu unomnini omtsha

Ngomnyaka we-1757, umnini welifa waba ngumthetheli omkhulu kwiGolitsyn Mikhail Mikhailovich - unyana wezinye zeentsapho ezinobulumko kakhulu, umzalwana we-vice-chancellor. Kwakukho amasebe amane kwintsapho yabo, inzala yabantathu ihlala ngoku. Emva kokutshata no-Anna Stroganova Golitsyn wamkela i-dowry ngendlela ye-518 iihektare zomhlaba kunye nelifa ngokwalo iVlaherna. Yahlala kwifa leentloko kwaze kwaba yintshukumo.

Ukuphuhliswa kwefa

Emva komtshato wentombi kaStroganov , indawo yaseGolitsyn eVizminki yaqala ukutshintsha. Indlu endala yakhiwe kwakhona, ingqalelo enkulu yahlawulwa kwi-design design. Okukuphawulekayo kukuhlaselwa kwamachibi amane, onokuyikhumbula kwaye ngeli xesha. Ipaki yeNgesi yayisimodeli yokuxelisa abaphathi bezindlu kunye nabahloniphekileyo. Phantse zonke izakhiwo zakhiwa kwakhona: i-slobodki, i-equestrian kunye neenqwelo zeenkomo, icawa, i-pier.

Emva kokufa kukaNkosana uMichael, unyana wakhe, uSergei Mikhailovich (ngokwezinye iinkcazo, umntakwabo omkhulu) wathatha. Ngaphantsi kwakhe, i-Golitsyn i-"Kuzminki" yayidume kakhulu ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo eyayiqhathaniswa nezixeko zasePavlovsk kunye nePeterhof ngaseSt. Petersburg.

S.M. I-Golitsyn yayingumbutho omkhulu oshishino kunye nama-foundries ase-cast iron. Zonke izinto zobugcisa bokupakisha ipaki, ezifana namasango, amabhentshi kunye nemifanekiso eqhotyoshelwe kuzo. Ukudala izikhumbuzo, izibane, ii-zhirandols kunye nezinye iifom zezakhiwo ezincinci, isikhulu samema abaphathi abanjengo Rossi, Kompioni, AG. UGrigoriev, i-Voronikhin, uM. Bykovsky nabanye. Waguquka waba ngumbono wobugcisa wokwakha nokwakhiwa kwemimandla, i-Golitsyn indawo yaseVizminki ibizwa ngokuba yiRashiya iVersailles phakathi kwabafundi bezobugcisa.

Isiphumo esilandelayo seendoda

Ifa lalulwa kwaye lilungiswa kakuhle kwada kwafa uNkosana Sergei Mikhailovich. Emva kokufa kwakhe, i-estate of the princes Golitsyn "Vlaherna-Kuzminki" yadlulisela kumntakwabo uMikhail Alexandrovich, owayengumongameli eSpain. Kwifa, wayephantse engabonakali.

Kamva, indawo yaseGolitsyn eVizminki iya kwindodana yakhe uSergei Mikhailovich. Kwifa liya kuzala ... Inkosana idlulela eDubrovitsy, iyancitshisa abasebenzi bezithuba, izakhiwo zinikezelwa kwiindawo zokuhlala. Kwaye kwagqitywa izakhiwo eziliqela kubakhenkethi.

Xa ilifa likaGolitsyn liya kwindodana yakhe, uSergei Sergeyevich, kwakukho iMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala. Icandelo lezakhiwo zelifa linikezelwa esibhedlele kubaphathi. Ngenxa yokunganakwa kwabo, umlilo waqhambuka, indlu yeNkosi kunye nephiko laseNtshona lashisa-ezi zakhiwo zahlala zokhuni.

Ngowe-1918 indawo yeGolitsyn yaba yipropati yeZiko leMvavanyo yezilwanyana zezilwanyana. Iimveliso eziqulethe izitye ezixabisekileyo zathathwa ngokusondeza ulawulo olutsha, i-masterpieces yensimbi yentsimbi eyayithululelwa kwi-smelting. Ukusuka kwicawa yakudala yenza ikhaya leeholide. Ngomnyaka we-1941, nangona ibhomu eqhubekayo yomkhosi waseJamani, ifa laseGolitsyn alizange lilinakalise.

Ngowe-1960, ilifa, elaba yinkangala, lafumana isikhundla sesikhumbuzo. I-Park Kuzminki ibe yindawo ekhethiweyo yeholide kunye neziko leziganeko ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko.

Ididi yangaphambili

I-Kuzminki (i-museum-estate) iqala ngethuba elithi "Inkundla". Iquka izinto ezininzi ezifanelwe ukucatshungulwa okuhlukeneyo: Indlu yendlu kaMasipala, iWest kunye neMpuma amaphiko, iBhulo lokungena, isango lephambi langaphambili, ucingo lwedidi kunye nombhobho waseYiputa (ikhitshi).

Inkundla yangaphambili yenzelwe nguyena umakhi uYegorov IV. Ukuze uhlule kuyo yonke indawo, yayijikelezwe ngcingo kwaye ijikelezwe yinqwelo, e-Golitsyny yayigcwele ngamanzi. Kwakunokwenzeka ukufika endlwini yeNkosi ngokusebenzisa iBhulo lokungena kunye nezibane. Ngokwembono, zonke izakhiwo kufuneka zibonwe ngokucacileyo, ngoko ididi yayihlotshiswe ngemibhobho yeentyatyambo kunye ne-shrub emfutshane. Inkundla yaseYiputa yayisetyenziswa njengekhitshi.

Hlanganisa "iKuzminsky Park"

Kuza kube namhlanje, iKuzminsky Park iyinkimbinkimbi yonke yezikhumbuzo zendalo kunye nezakhiwo. Iindawo zeepaki zaseNgesi naseFransi, i-cascade yamachibi aseZuzminsky, i-cottage edameni, ama-Grottoes, i-Lion's Wharf. IiPaki namhlanje zivulwe ngokupheleleyo kwiindwendwe, zithatha imicimbi ehlukahlukeneyo. Vula kwiindwendwe kunye namachibi amangalisayo. Okukuphela kweyona ndawo isayithi yeziko.

I-cascade iqukethe amabondane amane: Upper Kuzminsky, Nizhniy Kuzminsky, Shibayevsky, Shchuchiy. Eyokuqala yiNgonyama Pier. Kwakuye naye wayeqhele ukuhamba ngomkhumbi. Phakathi kwamanxuwa aphezulu nakwasezantsi, edameni, kwisiza saloo ndoda yokuqala, indlu yavuselelwa kwakhona. Wahlala kwiindwendwe ezazihlala ebusuku.

Kwibhanki elinye kwakuyiPlavilion yoMculo, apho kuqhutyelwa khona imibukiso ye pop, kwaye kwicala eliphambeneyo kukho iindawo ezimbini zokutya - I-One-Arched and Grocery Three. Eyokuqala phantsi kweGolitsyns imikhosi yemikhosi kunye neendwendwe zibeka kwiimidlalo zengqesho. Ngaselunxwemeni lwe-Lower Pond kwakuyiPtichnik, eyayibuye yakhiwa kwakhona kwisithandi.

Ithempeli kwiNdlu

Ilifa leGolitsyn lafumana igama layo lesibini ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yale tempile. U-Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich wanikela umnini-mhlaba we-estate Stroganov uludwe lwe-Vlaherna Icon. Ukuyigcina, icawa lezakhiwo lakhiwa ngo-1716-1720.

UGolitsyn wakha kabusha icawa - ngoku iindonga zayo zenziwe ngamatye. Amajoni kaNapoleon awonakalisa, kodwa emva kwemfazwe abanikazi bomninimzi babuyisela itempile, bafake i-marble iconostases, iwashi kwintsimbi yentsimbi, kwaye babuye bahlanjululwa.

Emva kowe-1929, igumbi lesithathu lagqitywa, icawa yaqala ukuba yindawo yokuhlala, ize ibe kwisakhiwo seofisi yeziko. Emva kowe-1990, icawa yathunyelwa kwi-diocese yeCawa yase-Orthodox yaseRussia iphinde ibuyiselwe.

Indlela yokufikelela kwiVizminki

Enyanisweni, iimyuziyam, ezithandwayo namhlanje kwiGolitsyn eZizminki, akuzona nje izinto ezichazwe. Ezi zi-gazebos, imifanekiso, ihashe kunye ne-barnyard kunye nangaphezulu. Ngenye imini ukufunda yonke imiboniso ayaneleyo, ngoko kungcono ukuza apha amaxesha amaninzi.

Ukufikelela kwindawo ye-museum-estate ayikho nzima. Kwanele ukuya kwisikhululo se-metro "Kuzminki" kwaye uhambe imizuzu eyi-15-20. Ngoko unako ukufikelela emnyango ongundoqo kwimyuziyam. Ukukhawuleza ufike kwiindawo ezithile zokuhlala, ungathatha ibhasi yokuhamba, kodwa njengoko kungabikho nto, kuya kukhawuleza ukukhwela ngaphantsi komgwaqo okanye uhambe.