I indawo okuyo wenqwelwana phambene metallurgical. isiseko phambene metallurgical: uphawu

isiseko phambene metallurgical yeyona inkulu kweli lizwe. Uninzi ematyeni zentsimbi kunye nentsimbi Russian nezakha kwayo kuloo mmandla. Yakhelwe kule ndawo kunye ezininzi kwiinkampani ukugxininisa ekuvelisweni nickel, izinc, ubhedu njalo njalo. D. I indawo okuyo wenqwelwana phambene metallurgical kuthathwa ukuba kakhulu lula kunye neendleko-olusebenzayo. Ikakhulu ngenxa kule into, eziveliswa apha luneendleko iphantsi kakhulu.

insimbi Russian

Ngaphambi ngokuya iimpawu uphuhliso lolu shishino kwi Urals, sifumanisa ukuba yintoni na kulo lonke elo lizwe. Steelmakers eRashiya bekwi:

• izinto nsimbi imigodi (intsimbi, manganese, kunye chromium);
• indlela utsalo esihamba kunye of raw materials (amalahle, ikalika, clays);
• ukukhululwa izinyithi ayoni (intsimbi, intsimbi, saliqengqa);
• imveliso Imibhobho zentsimbi kunye intsimbi;
• kokukhutshwa coke kunye coke gas eziko;
• processing metal eziziisekondari.

izinyithi Non-ayoni bengasetyenziswa ukukhululwa sobhedu, nickel, izinc kunye ezifana. D. Ixabiso yale nkqutyana candelo lizwe mkhulu ngokwaneleyo kuqoqosho.

iimpawu ngokubanzi iziseko Russian metallurgical

izityalo ezininzi lolu shishino ise kwiingingqi zaseSiberia, phambene kunye Central kweli lizwe. Kwi indawo ushishino ngentsimbi ye kakhulu bachatshazelwa zizinto ezifana nobukho amafutha kunye nezinto ekrwada. Ngelishwa, kubume belizwe ukubeka amalahle kunye esikrwada iidipozithi kunqabile idibana. Ngoko ke, izityalo zikholisa kwakhiwa kude aphila okanye isiseko amafutha, ngokunjalo phakathi kwabo.

Le theyibhile ilandelayo inika inkcazo emfutshane zeenqwelwana ngentsimbi lokuthelekisa eRashiya.

Ezi zikhombisi eziphambili eziphawula isiseko nawo Russia. isiseko phambene metallurgical yeyona inkulu bonke. ESiberia - iphantsi kophuhliso.

Amashishini inkulu yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ayoni kwi Urals

izityalo Ubuninzi balo mmandla sinxulumene imveliso umjikelo opheleleyo. Ezinkulu ziyakwazi ukuchongeka Magnitogorsk, Novotroitsk, eChelyabinsk Nizhny Tagil. Ezi Iinkampani ezine ezenza 80% kwisithili yentsimbi kwaye zingama-70% ye-ngentsimbi. Kukho kule ngingqi kunye nezinye izityalo, mincinci: e Serov, Chusovoy, Beloretsk Alapaevke njl Iidipozithi yentsimbi ekrwada likhulu Urals yi Kachkanarskoye ... Eyona ibalulekileyo kugqalwa i Orsk-Khalilov. Kukho misela phantse zonke chromites Russian.

I indawo okuyo wenqwelwana phambene metallurgical: Iimpawu

Yeyona ndawo kufutshane amafutha isityebi eSiberia Kazakhstan, kwakunye nokuba ibe ebalulekileyo yenzululwazi kunye zobugcisa inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya. Kakade ke, umntu kufutshane enjalo kuchaphazela iindleko yokugqibela imveliso.

Apho indawo lwengingqi isiseko, kunye nenye plus. Phambene Iintaba - endala kakhulu. bavele kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo yaye ngoku yayiwohlokile. Ngoko ke, izimbiwa ezifakwe apha phantse phezu komhlaba kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi zinakho geni yi indlela evulekileyo.

zibandakanya ukungabikho loovimba zengingqi coking amalahle ukuze izinto ezimbi. Noko ke, le indawo okuyo wenqwelwana phambene metallurgical yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba nje uzise ukusuka kwiindawo ezikufuphi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, coking amalahle ezithengwe ku Kazakhstan. Intsimbi ekrwada ke ngokuyinxenye kwamanye kwiindawo Kursk anomaly ngemagnethi.

Magnitogorsk plant

isiseko phambene metallurgical amelwe iqela elikhulu kwamashishini. Magnitogorsk Works ayikho kuphela inkulu eRashiya, kodwa eYurophu. Kuye kwakhiwa kwi-30 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. izakhiwo Ukuveliswa i Magnitogorsk zidibene babe ngabantu abangama malunga 7,000 yeehektare. Le nkampani uvelisa-20% yamanqaku ewonke ethengiswa kwimarike Russian yeemveliso kwaye umjikelo umsebenzi epheleleyo. Isigaba sokuqala sale zemveliso kwi isityalo na nezokukhupha ekrwada, kwaye yokugqibela - processing enzulu zesinyithi ayoni. Malunga ne-40% yazo zonke iimveliso iveliswayo le nkampani, amazwe.

Novotroitskaya "steel phambene"

Esi sityalo siyinxalenye "Metalloinvest" ubambe yaye yenye abavelisi zesizwe inkulu billets ngeenxa zonke, iziqwengana kunye kwebhulorho. It ise kummandla Orenburg kwaye kwishishini iphambili ye Novotroitsk. igama layo ubudala - Orsk-Khalilov Metallurgical Plant. Kuye eningayakhanga kwakude kudala - phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

imeko ekudla yezoqoqosho neendawo wenqwelwana metallurgical phambene ezinjalo ukuba inxenye amafutha kuluncedo kuthenga ku Kazakhstan. Ingakumbi kumayelana i "phambene Steel". Novotroitsk Plant kubekwe ekunene umda kunye elo lizwe. Ngexesha ngokuwa yiSoviet Union, xa kwaphulwa lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho kunye ziiriphabliki ngaphambili, inkampani iye zafumana ubunzima ebonakalayo. Ngoku le meko iye yangcono noko etyeni lokusila.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le nka-:

• cast iron ne hagu;
• sheet wasusa;
• stampings;
• coke;
• iibhloko enamagumbi;
• ammonium sulfate.

Inxalenye imveliso kumazwe aphesheya.

Nizhny Tagil plant

Le yenye kwamashishini amadala metallurgical kweli lizwe. ukwakhiwa yayo ngo-1720. base phambene metallurgical, indawo geographical apho ngaloo mihla akubanga kakuhle njengoko ngoku, ngoko ekuqaleni nje ukuze lintshule.

Ubushushu yokuqala ibanjelwe kwisityalo eNizhniy Tagil ngo-1725. Iindidi eziphambili eziveliswa ngabo namhlanje, ziquka:

• amasondo for koololiwe;
• komzila;
• imisele, i-engile, I-ngemiqadi njalo njalo. d.

insimbi non-ayoni

Iinkampani nabo kweli qela, nayo kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kuqoqosho yommandla kunye nelizwe ngokubanzi. base metallurgical phambene - umthengisi likhulu zesinyithi non-ayoni. Ummandla esebenza Izityalo ezivelisa zinc, ubhedu, i-aluminiyamu, nickel.

Amashishini amakhulu zezi:

• OK "Rusal";
• UMMC;
• Upper Salda Association;
• JSC "Ufaleynickel";
• Kamensk-Uralsky Plant;
• isityalo Revdinsky OCM et al.

Iingxaki namathemba

I indawo okuyo wenqwelwana metallurgical phambene inzuzo ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, nangona kukho inani iinguqu zakutshanje kuhlala kummandla phambene, ekuthumeleni imveliso ikakhulu engekalungiswa kuphela. Isalathiso ethembisayo xa kuphuhliso abahlalutyi kushishino mmandla ukubona intsebenziswano ngakumbi entsonkothileyo metallurgical le Urals kunye amafutha-ezingenamandla base eSiberia. Kuphumelela kakhulu ibiya kuba ngokubambisana-mveliso kule ngingqi kunye namashishini ye Komi Republic.

Eyona ndlela iphambili yophuhliso, enyanisweni, isityalo kufuneka ibe kukuqinisa kwimveliso. indawo yezoqoqosho neendawo phambene enye phawu - phantse onke amashishini zamashishini metallurgical kukho zinde kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuba Azifumaneki ukuguquka maxesha. Enye ingxaki ye iifektri enkulu kummandla uthathwa ukuba yokuba ziyacotha ukuphendula utshintsho emarikeni.

Kwixa elizayo isiseko phambene metallurgical, onesikhundla geographical kakhulu kuluncedo ngokwemiqathango lwesakhiwo ndawo iya kuhlala injalo. Namhlanje, Noko ke, eyona njongo iphambili urhulumente ukholelwa ukuba lo yotshintsho kwamaziko imveliso ntsimi.