I-Minsk Castle: Imbali

I-Minsk Castle yinqaba , eyabeka isiseko senkunzi yeBelarus yanamhlanje. Ngelishwa, ayizange iphile, kodwa kwimibhalo yembali inokufumana iirekodi ezininzi kunye nenkcazo yayo. Banika ingcamango yokubonakala kwayo kunye neziganeko ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwindonga zenkqantosi, nangaphezulu.

SeSiseko

I-Minsk Castle yakhiwa kwisiqingatha sesibini se-11 leminyaka ekuhlanganisweni kwemifula yaseSvisloch ne-Nemiga. Injongo yesiseko sokomelezwa kukukhuselwa kwemida esezantsi yoMgaqo- nkqubo wePolotsk. Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba umyalelo wokubeka i-castle, mhlawumbi, yayivela kuVseslav Bryachislavich, ibizwa ngokuba nguMsululi. Le nzala eyaziwa ngabantu baseRurik, ababusa i-Polotsk iinqununu ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-57, babefuna indawo enqabileyo eyayikukhusela izinto zayo kunye neendlela zokurhweba ezisuka ngasentshonalanga.

Imfazwe yeNyamiga

Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kwinqaba yaseMinsk, okanye kunoko iMesesk, iqulethwe kwi "Famous Age of Bygone Years". Kukho irekhodi lokuba ngowama-1067 oonyana bakaYaroslav oBulumko, ababusa e-Kiev, beza nomkhosi phantsi kweendonga zakhe. Ibhunga leedolophu lenqaba ukuvula amasango, kodwa ukuxhatshazwa kwabasebenzi beMasta kungekudala kwaphulwa. Abazalwana bakaYaroslavichi babamba kwaye bachitha isixeko, baza bawaxabela impi yaseVseslav Bryachislovich emkhosini kumlambo weNigaiga.

Ngekhulu le-12

Ngo-1101, emva kokufa kwesikhulu esidala, iindlalifa zakhe zabelwana nazo izinto zikayise. Ngenxa yoko, i-Menesk idlulile phantsi kolawulo lukaGleb Vseslavich, owathi umzi uyinhloko yecandelo lakhe elikhethekileyo. Ngombulelo kwimeko entsha kunye neendawo ezifanelekileyo zokuhlala, isixeko saqala ukuphuhlisa ngesantya esheshayo.

Kakade ngo-1104 i-Castle yaseMinsk kwakhona yaba yinqaba eneenkcukacha ezinamandla kwaye yaxhathisa ukuvinjelwa kwemikhosi ekhokelwa ngu-kutyutri waseKyutty Putyata, ehamba kunye neenkosana zikaJaroslav Vladimirovich no-Oleg Svyatoslavich. Emva kweminyaka engama-12, malunga neenyanga ezi-2, iindwendwe zazama ukuthabatha inqaba kunye noVladimir Monomakh, owathi, ke, kwafuneka abuyele, ekholelwa kukungabikho kokuhlaselwa.

Isiqingatha sesibini sekhulu le-12 kwilizwe namhlanje elenza intsimi yeBelarus yanamhlanje yaphawulwa yimfazwe yegazi. Kuzo inkosana yasePolotsk uRogvolod Borisovich ithathe inxaxheba. Ubungqina obubhaliweyo bokuba impi yakhe yayingqinekanga i-Minsk Castle ngo-1159, 1160 kunye ne-1161 iminyaka.

Ngeli-13-16 yeenkulungwane

Isalathiso njengoko kubonakala ngathi, kwakungekho naluphi ulwazi malunga nento eyenzekayo kwiNqaba yeMinsk kunye nommandla ojikelezayo ukususela kwi-1200s yokuqala ukuya kwaphakathi kwe-1320s. Omnye unokucinga ukuba ngenxa yokuhlasela kweMongol-Tatar, ukuhlaselwa kweGood Horde kunye nokuphahlazeka kwelizwe elidala laseRashiya, ubukhulu becala buthathaka kakhulu kwaye baqala ukufuna inkxaso evela eLithuania eyafumana impembelelo. Oku kuboniswa ngerekhodi kumqulu wonyaka we-1324. Emva kweminyaka engama-120 uMkhulukazi waseLithuania uKazimir wesine wanikezwa iMinsk umqulu weedolophu ezinamalungelo. Kamva, kunye nendodana yakhe, wamkela ilungelo laseMagdeburg. Ngaloo ndlela, i- capital yaseBelarus yanamhlanje ibe yimizi eninzi edumile yaseYurophu. Ngeli xesha le mi sebenzi kunye neerhafu ezikhethekileyo zahlawulwa ngokugcinwa kwinqaba, kwaye kwakucatshangelwa ukuba yinkampani yezopolitiko, impi kunye nenkcubeko yommandla, kunye nokuhlala kweenkosana kunye nabalawuli. Ukongeza, kude kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-15 le nqaba yayibaluleke kakhulu kwimpi.

Kwekhulu le-16

Ngo-1505 i-Crimea Khan Mahmet-Giray yafika ezindongeni zendlu yaseMinsk. Kuyaziwa ukuba abaxhasi belo sixeko ngaphambi kokuba balwe nenqwelwana kwi-kleta yecawa, kodwa yaphela ekukhutshweni kwabalindi. AmaTatar ahlasela uMinsk kwaye aphanga amashumi amawaka amadoda, abantwana nabasetyhini. Inqaba yahlala ingenakufikeleleka.

Ngomnyaka we-1547, ubunzima obunzima ngolu hlobo lomlilo owonakalisayo lwalubhubhisa iMinsk. Ingxowa (iifoto zemidwebo, ezenziwe ngokwemiqathango yokufundwa kwezinto zakudala eziboniswe ngasentla) zitshiswa ngokuthe ngqo. Umsebenzi wokubuyisela wona wenziwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ungonelanga. Kungekudala walahlekelwa intsingiselo yakhe, waba yintsikelelo waza waqala ukuwa.

Eyona mbali

Ngelishwa, namhlanje iMinsk Castle eMinsk ayikwazi ukuhlola. Ukuba iindawo ezidongwe zazingabonakali ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18-ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kwakungenakwenzeka ukufumana nabo iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100. Kuyaziwa ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje abaphathi bentloko yaseBelarus baceba ukuhlaziya le nqaba yasendulo. Kucingelwa ukuba ngenxa yesicatshulwa esiphilayo esontweni ye-castle kuya kubuyiselwa, kwaye ngaselunxwemeni lweSvisloch, phakathi kwesiteshi se-metro kunye nomthombo osemphambili kwiNdlu yeZiko leMidlalo, izakhiwo ezintsha ziya kwakhiwa. Kucetywayo ukuba isakhiwo sayo siza kubandakanya imarike esezantsi, imyuziyam phantsi komhlaba, kunye nomzekelo omkhulu womhlaba, oyisiqendu se-Minsk yekhulu le-12 leminyaka. Kule meko, kufuneka udilize i-gym "Reserves Reserves", e-Prospect Pobediteley, 2.

Inkcazo yenqaba

Ubungqina obuninzi bokubonakala kunye neendlela zokuyila kwinqaba ligcinwa kumaxwebhu ekhulu le-18. Ngokukodwa, kwaziwa ukuba ukusuka kwicala elisentla, entshona kunye nantsi-ntshona kwinqaba le ndawo yatshintshiwe, eyayiyakhayo eyakhayo yokwakha. Umthi womthi womthi wenziwe ngomdla kule njongo. Wayevumela ukuvula umlilo kwiindonga zedolophu kunye ne-perimeter yabo yonke. Ekuqaleni, i-shaft yayinebubanzi kwisiseko se-14 m kwisiseko, kodwa kamva sakhutshwa saba ngama-22-25 m kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo sasivikela iMinsk. Inqaba (idilesi: indawo yoMgca ngo-Matshi 8), ngokuchanekileyo, iindonga zayo, zinokuphakama kwe-5 m, kunye kunye ne-shaft - 13 m. Ukugqithiswa kwebumba okukhuselekileyo kwakunokuphuka kwezinto ezimbini - ngasentla nasemzantsi. Ngokudlula kwabo badlula i-Great Street. Ukungena kwintsimi yenkqantosi kwakucala kwelinye icala likhuselwe ngumgca we-shaft, okuye kwavumela ukutshaya kwiintshaba, ukuba wayefuna ukugqithisa isango.

Ngenxa yokufunyanwa kwezinto zakudala zaqulunqwa ukuba intsimi yenkqonkqo yayigqitywe ngamatye kwaye yahlula phakathi kweziza, eziye zavalwa ngamagceke, zakhiwe izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngoku uyazi indlela iMinsk eyasungulwa ngayo. Inqaba (apho itholakala khona, jonga ngasentla) xa kwenzeka kwakhona ukwakha enye yezinto eziphambili zeyona ntloko yaseBelarus, ngoko masithembe ukuba ngokukhawuleza esi sakhiwo sembonakalo singabonakala kuyo yonke inkazimulo.