Apho eziwa yawela eChelyabinsk? Iifoto kunye neenkcukacha ukusuka kwindawo yokuwa zimpahla

EChelyabinsk - isixeko inkulu Russian Federation, iziko le Urals zenzululwazi, ezoshishino kunye nenkcubeko. It is a isixeko abantu abasebenza ibhiyozelwa amandla abo ezoshishino kunye neerekhodi mveliso. Kodwa February 15, 2013 umzi odumileyo kulo lonke ihlabathi emva kokuba zimpahla yawela eChelyabinsk.

Yaphelela phi?

Ngelo malunga 9:30 xesha zasekuhlaleni, abahlali saseChelyabinsk nje kuphela, kodwa kwiindawo bobekelo iqatshelwe esibhakabhakeni eziphaphazelayo hisa amnandi into ngokukhawuleza abangaziwayo emva apho trailed moya indima enamandla. Ke amaza, onikhuphileyo amaninzi ezizezolonakaliso, abachaphazelekayo abahlali ngaphezulu kwama-1,500.

Esi sixeko ibhengeze imo yonxunguphalo, kwisiza esicetywayo lomzimba ukuwa engaziwayo imikhosi wathumela MoE, amajoni, amapolisa athi. Kukho nabo bafudukela abaphengululi kunye ukwazi. channel ngalinye Russian mass media kuthunyelwa kwindawo ziintatheli zabo bonke babefuna ukufumana kuqhume namaqhekeza omzimba yasezulwini.

Esi siganeko bothuka kuphela abahlali balapha. Ukhathazeke NASA, i Space Agency European. Isiganeko, izazi abanomdla Czech Republic, eSweden, France, UK, Canada, eMelika. Kuye nyaka, kodwa inyaniso yaseChelyabinsk zimpahla kuyaqhubeka ukuba ziphazamise zombini labemi kunye neengqondo zenzululwazi.

Ukubuyisa ingxelo yeziganeko

kusasa Winter yaqala njengesiqhelo. Abantu baya kusebenza, ezichaza abantwana ezikolweni eziguqulweyo, abafundi baya kufunda.

Esibhakabhakeni at 9:23 abahlali eChelyabinsk wabona engaqhelekanga engaqhelekanga flash band, zozibini jet. Emva kokuba imizuzu embalwa wonke umntu waziva umhlaba igubha, wanyikima yonke yaseChelyabinsk. I-dubulo kwe zimpahla yabangela okubulala owatshabalalisa kumgama oyi kwiikhilomitha ezininzi. imithi yawiswa, izakhiwo labhabha iglasi, i alamu waya Imishini eludongeni kudilizwe zinc izityalo.

Conjectures yaye inyaniso

iinguqulelo phenomenon eyahlukileyo, maxa wambi kumnandi. Umntu yagqiba ukuba le imijukujelwa lutshaba, abanye bekholelwa moya yemoto, kwakukho abo bakholwayo uhlaselo umhlaba yabasemzini.

Enyanisweni emhlabeni kwisixeko saseChelyabinsk mmandla kwe zimpahla enkulu wawa, le yesibini ngobukhulu emva Tunguska zimpahla owawa kwiMpuma eSiberia ngoJuni 1908.

Februwari 2013 - "undwendwe cosmic" wangena ojikeleze umhlaba ukuze ujikeleze kakuhle kwi-engile nokoyika ° abangama-20. Ngokutsho kweengcali nomphakamo malunga 20-25 km esibhakabhakeni iyangena ziingceba. Le kobutyobo ngesantya esiphezulu wabetha emhlabeni.

Ubunjalo bomzimba i "isithuba-isivakashi"

Ngokutsho kweengcali, kuquka neengcali NASA Meteorite weight eChelyabinsk waye iitoni ezili-10 kanye ububanzi ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-17 m, wangena gqaba-gqaba ngendlela Umhlaba ngesantya kwe-18 km / h.

Flying eziwa emva kokuba bangene atmosfera yethu ayizange ihlale imizuzwana ngaphezulu kwama-40. Oqhumayo umzimba cosmic ekuqaleni kwintaba ephakame yeekhilomitha 20. Ukudubula amandla nama-470 kilotons (oku amaxesha-30 ngaphezulu udubulo iibhombu saseHiroshima) kwasekwa iziqwenga eliqela iziqwenga, leyo ngokukhawuleza lingena emhlabeni eChelyabinsk. Ilitha ekukhubekeni wawubonakala kwi imigama emide. Wawuqhutywa e Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, ummandla Tyumen, Kazakhstan kunye Bashkortostan. Le ndawo apho kwakukho imizila ye zimpahla ezibhabhayo - ummandla Samara, ibekwe neekhilomitha ezingama-750 ukusuka eChelyabinsk.

Imiphumo zimpahla

Xa kukuwa zimpahla e eChelyabinsk wabangela uthotho amaza. Isixeko sase yokutshayelwa imithi emininzi, owonakalisa malunga 3,000 izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo. Kumakhaya amaninzi, yokothuka wave yeglasi povybivalo kangangexesha ezilahlekileyo udibaniso. Le mothuko inkulu weza kwisithili Satka. Kube sele ngokupheleleyo wabatshabalalisa Izinki Plant.

Abaninzi babezibuza apho zimpahla yawela eChelyabinsk nendlela kuyingozi. Esi sixeko kwathiwa likaxakeka, zonke iiyunithi MoE bathunyelwa kuloo ndawo. udliwano yokuziphatha kunye nabantu abathintela yokothuka, sazama ukugcina phantsi kolawulo loo meko.

Ngaphandle ummandla eChelyabinsk ubunzima ezi nkalo zilandelayo: Korkino, Emanzhelinsk, Yuzhnouralsk, Kopeisk kunye ilali Etkul.

Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba ukuba zimpahla liqhuma kwi 5-6 km ngezantsi, imiphumo ibiya kuba nakakhulu kakhulu.

indawo crash

Wonke umzimba yasezulwini umdla enkulu esuka kwindawo umbono zenzululwazi. Ukufunda uhlobo ngemvelaphi zimpahla, ukwakhiwa kwayo imichiza, kwafuneka ukufumana elona nani likhulu kangangoko ngamaqhekeza kunye kwezahlulo zomzimba yasezulwini. Ukuze wenze oku, kwakubalulekile ukuseka indawo ngqo ze lokuwa esibhakabhakeni in eChelyabinsk.

Iinxalenye ezimbini engundoqo ngokukhawuleza afumaneka kummandla Chebarkul. In Zlatoustovsky kufuphi isiqwenga isiseko wesithathu. Kodwa ke elesine kwafuneka ukuba akhangele. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba siwile echibini kummandla Chebarkul. Abahlali bendawo babanjwa kusasa ekulobeni chibi, waqinisekisa ukuba iliwa kwakukhona, wawa echibini ngokwalo. MaNgqina ukuba ugwayimbo ebangele iliza elikhulu. Amanzi basukuma iimitha 3-4.

Ukukhetha igama

Emva eziwa yaphakanyiswa ngobuwena 2 igama layo - CHebarkulskij okanye Chelyabinsky. Bakhetha igama lokuqala kuxoxiwe ukuba chip engundoqo yawa edikeni kufuphi kwilali Chebarkul Chebarkul. Noko ke, sisetyenziswe igama "eChelyabinsk" Wayethetha yokuba emkhathini izise ukutshatyalaliswa inkulu ziko lommandla. Njengoko ukuziphindiselela, ufanele ukufumana isihloko saseChelyabinsk.

Academician E. Galimov - intloko Institute of Geochemistry kunye Analytical Chemistry, Vernadsky - isaziso sokuba zimpahla iya kungeniswa kwi weefayili International ebizwa ngokuba "eChelyabinsk".

Qokelela kwezahlulo zimpahla

Xa indawo crash bafumana amakhulu ngamaqhekeza amancinci. In the search bathunyelwa emsebenzini ezizodwa. Kuphela kufutshane elwandle Chebarkul waqokelela neekhilogram ezintathu zamatye zimpahla. Ukufunwa lwathatha ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ngo-Agasti kwafika iindaba ukuba sendawo wafumana ubunzima chip-3.5 kg kwindawo kwilali Timiryazevskiy.

Kodwa umdla inkulu yaba chip omkhulu ukuba siwile echibini. ubunzima bayo liqikelelwa yi preliminary 300-400 kg, bungekho nzulu yl ezantsi. On ekuphakameni kwakhe, abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni ezabelwe engange-3 million.

Ingxenye enkulu Agasti 2013 acatshulwe ukusuka ezantsi kwedike. ubunzima bayo wafunyanwa 600 kg. Emva iimviwo zizazinzulu kunye okusisiphumo se-radioactive kunye nokhuseleko iikhemikhali esibhakabhakeni Isiqwenga watshintshelwa imyuziyam yasekuhlaleni.

kwezimbiwa ukubunjwa

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abaphandi bachaza indlela zimpahla yawela eChelyabinsk. Unqontsonqa isithuba imele Chondrite zesiqhelo. Kubhaliwe yakhiwa olivine ifunyenwe, intsimbi, sulfites, pyrrhotite kunye nezinye izimbiwa ezintsonkothileyo. eziwa Chelyabinsky iqulethe imizila titaniferous hematite kunye amabala zobhedu lomthonyama, nto leyo ingaqhelekanga chondrites. umzimba iintanda kuzaliswa silicates kweziyobisi ukungcola vitreous. neuron yokunyibilika Ukutyeba - 1 mm.

Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba ubudala emzimbeni kamama, nto leyo baphela isiziba, apho kamva waba yaseChelyabinsk zimpahla, hayi (!) Kwiminyaka ngaphantsi kwe eziibhiliyoni ezi-4. piece "Wethu" ukuba liwele Earth ixesha ebebhadula indawo evulekileyo, zingagilani nabanye imizimba yasezulwini ...

Eyoyikekayo? Ukukhathazeka ...

Izazinzulu emhlabeni wonke kule mini zigcinwayo uhlola umbandela zingeniswe. Iingcali ezininzi ulwazi Sicebise ukuba oku nje zimpahla, kwaye intwasahlobo eli litye. Abanye babekholelwa ukuba kungekudala umhlaba uza kuza ke, ilitye elikhulu; kwandule ke intshabalalo iya kuba yintlekele yodwa. Kodwa Anatoly Zaitsev, umalathisi "Centre of Umhlaba wokhuselo langa nxamnye izijikelezi-langa ezincinane," wachaza ukuba le mbono kuphela. Waqinisekisa ukuba abantu akukho zisengozini umhlaba kunye imizimba yasezulwini, Bezinambuzane edlulileyo, lokhozi.

Ubomi emva kokuwa emkhathini

Le eziwa, owawa e saseChelyabinsk, wawurhola ingqalelo inginginya, wabangela eninzi mpikiswano kunye liyavumelana. Thetha kwaye bathethe ngezinto iziganeko ndingayeki unanamhla. City kwelwandle Chebarkul yaziwa ehlabathini lonke. Apha waya izazinzulu: geochemistry, inzululwazi kunye neenkwenkwezi. Wonke umntu wayefuna ubungqina amehlo am umthunywa kunye imigama yesiqalo.

Kokuwa zimpahla e eChelyabinsk inzuzo ngokwemiqathango ukhenketho. Umnini ejensi enkulu Andrei Orlov wathi ukuba kungekudala emva kokuba isiganeko yaqala ukufumana iminxeba evela eMelika kunye Japan. Umntu wayefuna ukhenketho lobuqu, abaninzi bangathanda ukuba alungiselele uhambo iqela kwisiza yokuwa zimpahla odumileyo.

Imfuno kudala isimemo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba bonke abakhokeli isongeza ukubaluleka kwendima yommandla eChelyabinsk indawo ebizwa ngokuba "Chebarkul zimpahla." Price ukuba uhambo ukuya edikeni ngoku-yimbali isusela ukusuka ku-5 000 ukuya 20 000 engange.

Akukho oshayinayo: kwinqanaba elisemthethweni

amagunya eChelyabinsk ngoncedo isiganeko 15.02.2013 nyaka isigqibo ukungena imbali kweMidlalo YeOlimpiki ngokubaluleka. Zidalwa iimbasa ezininzi ngentsimbi oluxabisekileyo sisihlomelo kwe zimpahla. Loo ibhaso efunyenwe imbaleki ngamnye othatha ibhaso kukhuphiswano olugcinwe kuyo ngomhla we-15 Februwari. Konke oko kuya kuhlala elingasetyenziswanga amaqhekeza ezifumaneka ndikuchithachithe olondolozo lwembali ka-Russia kwaneempepha zabucala.

ezinye ezenziwe ezinkulu kakhulu, balungisa amaxwebhu achaphazelekayo sele iqokelelwe. Nale nto uya kwenziwa utyelelo kwi Museum of the Russian Federation. Wonke ummi weli lizwe kufuneka ubone isiziba zimpahla. E Moscow, kwabakho umboniso ka-17.01.2014 nyaka. izinto ezininzi uya kongeza ukuqokelelwa na iziko odumileyo eMoscow. Esi siganeko liqulunqe neenqwelwana eziliqela weendawo kunye neepowusta.

Ukuzalwa brand

Nangona abahlanguli babemba iziphumo ntlekele, ayenzileyo i zimpahla owawa e saseChelyabinsk, oosomashishini abaninzi bangalahlekelwa lixesha ilize kunye nokusetyenziswa ukuwa umzimba zesibhakabhaka ukulungiselela iinjongo zorhwebo. impendulo Zintle kule ndawo zizakubalulwa Andrei Orlov, kwisithili ezidolophini uSodolophu Chebarkul. Apha, nokhuphiswano kwakhe ukukhanya ngesandla ukuba kakhulu ezinomdla igama lebrendi oko yasekwa. Oyiphumeleleyo ibhaso wathembisa iqatha zimpahla. Phantsi amagama umdla, afana "Chebarkul Meteor" "Meteor phambene", "eChelyabinsk - elikomkhulu emkhathini", "Meteorite ! In eChelyabinsk" yaye "Che ', zaveliswa ehla kunye neziselo.

Yenza hay xa ilanga likhanya

Iinkampani ezahlukeneyo ziye ukuvelisa iimpahla kunye ehambelana kushicilelwa, neekomityi, iipleyiti kunye iiphazili. Wokuqala kwaye ngoko ke abemi wonke eRashiya waba ethandwayo T-shirt kunye nombhalo ahlekisayo: "Ayikho into evuselelayo, ngakumbi njengoko Meteor kusasa!" Kubalulekile ukuphawula yinkampani isiqholo ingcamango eChelyabinsk yokuqala kakhulu. Wagqiba ukwenza isiqhumiso engaqhelekanga ebizwa ngokuba "Chebarkul zimpahla." Ngabaqholikazi bathi ukunonga le "into isithuba" kungahlanganisa amacandelo zamatye nentsimbi.

Abahlali zesiqhelo Urals wabonisa umoya zoshishino. Umsebenzi wakhe uye wenza zimpahla e eChelyabinsk. Yiba nomfanekiso indiza ngesantya phezu Internet. Amawaka izicelo ngomzuzu wabonisa indlela apho abafuna ukubona crash ngokwayo into yasezulwini. Omnye umhlali namasu idolophu yephondo ethengiswa kwimarike ye microwave intanethi-isithuba elinyukayo yi nefuthe okubulala. Ndathenga le into engaqhelekanga unknown American, kodwa oku ukufumana ucele ukuba athumele isibini amaphephandaba asekuhlaleni kunye neendaba malunga kokuwa emkhathini in eChelyabinsk. Ezinye amaqhekeza oluboniswe ngeglasi, leyo saa yi-dubulo ekwindla. Kwaye zonke ezi zinto yayiyiqhawuqhawula up zobuciko bezinye iintlanga. Eyona nto yayixabiseke kwezahlulo zimpahla ngokwayo. xabiso aphantsi phezu ungayekwa, waqala kwa-10 000 engange, i esiphezulu kwaba million 10 engange. Amapolisa kwamaIgbo itshivela zendalo ababenikwe amatye esiqhelekileyo into yasezulwini.

"Unyango" iimpawu zimpahla

Abahlali zamakhulu waya elwandle Chebarkul, yaye ndiphupha ngokufumana amatye kuphela imali eninzi, kodwa kananjalo "ukuphiliswa". Zabakhohlisi - izazi kunye noosiyazi - ngoncedo amaqhekeza aseleyo ezo ukususa umonakalo kwaye zinyangwe izifo ezininzi ezimbi, ekhupha iindimoni. Sithi wonke amavo kunye neentsomi malunga ifuthe "undwendwe cosmic" umntu ngamnye, kuxhomekeke umqondiso zokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi. Nokuba zingaphi ngamakhubalo neqhekeza umzimba sinwenwile ehlabathini lonke! Meteorite nje kubangelwa iipropati zobugqi, nangona eneneni akukho ngamandla ephilisa ayifuni ilifa.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga kokuwa yaseChelyabinsk zimpahla

E saseChelyabinsk, a zimpahla wawa, nto leyo elabangela imbambano ngalo mbande- kulo lonke ihlabathi. Izazinzulu bakwazi kwakhona bafunde umzimba cosmic, yaye umntu nemali nje kakuhle kwesi siganeko. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ezithile iingongoma ezinomdla kunye izibakala eChelyabinsk zimpahla:

• Iqhekeza inkulu zimpahla wawa emazantsi Lake Chebarkul.
• Ubulungiseleli Iimeko Emergency Russian ngelithi ukuba abahlali ezishukuxa le isiganeko ezayo ngoncedo SMS-imeyili, kodwa ubuxoki.
• Amajelo amaninzi engaveli ifanele ngu nempembelelo kunokuba igesi e Turkmenistan kuyo.
• Abahlali abaninzi saseChelyabinsk ngokukodwa niziqhekeze iifestile zabo, ezilinganisa izakhiwo ifuthe lencinibakazi kuqhuma. Babefuna ukufumana i window entsha yeplastiki evela kurhulumente nje ukuncedwa kumaxhoba.
• Ubukhulu be ifanele ukusuka zimpahla yayiziimitha 6.
• 470 kilotons amandla yakhululwa kukuqhushumba umzimba yasezulwini.
• Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba ixabiso zimpahla enjalo ewela Umhlaba kanye qho emva kweminyaka engamakhulu.
• Kukholelwa ukuba zimpahla engaqatshelwayo kuba esabhabha liphuma ilanga. Le nto yerediyo hayi Sithole umzimba yasezulwini ezayo.