I-Red Book of kummandla Volgograd: izityalo, iintaka, izilwanyana

I-Red Book of kummandla Volgograd - uxwebhu ekhethekileyo elawula inkqubo ukukhusela izityalo kunye nezilwanyana kummandla. Zonke izinto enezityalo nezilwanyana iyaphumelela ngokohlobo kuluhlu, apho phambi ngamnye kubo iqulethe ngesidanga nokunqaba-1 (elona nqanaba liphezulu isoyikiso) ukuya ku-7 (ingozi). Kukho uludwe lwabantu abameli, kwelinye icala zixabisa 0. Oku kuthetha ukuba yanyamalala mmandla. Ngaphezulu, uhlobo yommandla Volgograd, okanye iisampulu kunokuba ezinqabileyo kakhulu abameli balo, zigcinwa ebhankini ekhethekileyo yemfuza. Oku kwadalwa ngo-2010. I-Red Book of kummandla Volgograd - oku kuphela enezityalo nezilwanyana, kodwa umhlaba ezinqabileyo yayisecicini yokutshabalala.

indaba

Zokuqala iinzame ukutsala uluntu kwiingxaki ukhuseleko izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zisekhona ekuqaleni-imi- 90 lwekhulu XX. ngoko wakhululwa ngomhla wokuqala Red Book of kummandla Volgograd. Yaba le ncwadi yesiqhelo inzululwazi ethandwayo, apho kungekho amandla omthetho. Emva koko, kwaphuma kuyo ezimbalwa zezi mpapasho, yaye kuphela ngo-2004, nangenxa yomthetho yeNtloko Administration, iye yakhupha uluhlu esemthethweni. On ineziseko zayo, kunye Red Book of kummandla Volgograd lalibunjwa: Izilwanyana (Volume 1), izityalo kunye nomngundo (Volume 2).

Kufuneka ke ukuba uluhlu lweendawo ezikhuselweyo yeselula kakhulu: abanye abameli ngaphandle kulo, kanti abanye. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, kunye nenkuku yamanzi encinane, elizibandakanye uluhlu ngo-2010.

In 2011th kwakhululwa kwefom yekhompyutha ye ncwadi. Kufuneka utshilo okokuba uxanduva Olubomvu Book of kwiKomiti ekhethekileyo Environmental Protection kule ngingqi. Xa noseko lwalo wadalwa umsebenzi okhethekileyo, esingethe umbandela lokusekwa uluhlu lweentlobo enezityalo nezilwanyana abadinga amanyathelo awodwa yokhuselo.

ezingenamqolo

Uluhlu yezinto ekhuselweyo lommandla Volgograd uhlobo singabala abameli bawo amaqela amaninzi kunye neeklasi. Kuba isiqalo kufuneka athi malunga ezingenamqolo. Ngoko, kwi-Red kwiNcwadi kweNqila Volgograd uLeech amayeza ifakiwe. Kuvela le annelid ethile amanzi acocekileyo, ithanda ezantsi zinodaka kunye namanzi ecacileyo.

Imbonakalo kufana uLeech yomzalwana zabo, annelids, kodwa umzimba atshabalalisa kancinci. Umlomo ukuvulwa na uhlobo iikomityi sokufunxa apho ezingenamqolo ukuzenzela ukutya - igazi. Le mveliso zigcinwa irekhodi esiswini rhorho ixesha elide - kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. yonke indawo iintsholongwane ezikhethekileyo ezihlala kwe esiswini, ziphazamisa igazi ekunqandeni. Le ezingenamqolo ubuphi igazi.

ukusetyenziswa kwezi rhorho kuphela amayeza (ukuba kuncedwe kucuthwe imeko kunye imithambo varicose, izilonda ezahlukeneyo isikhumba) waye igqi- umda - babanjwa yale mithi. Noko ke, le nto wanyamalala emva iindlela phlebotomy waqalisa ukusetyenziswa, kwaye imveliso bafunda ezi rhorho isikali mveliso. Omnye wemiba ngokunciphisa - ukuhla kwenani labemi ngamasele. Kuyinto inqwaba igazi labo zidle abaselula.

Enye ummeli ezingenamqolo, leyo iqulathe Red Book of kummandla Volgograd - ubukhulu bavele emlanjeni iimbaza. Le namaqokobhe, abahlala imilambo yawo ecocekileyo. Ubude le perlovitsy iqokobhe ifikelela nje 7 cm. kweminyaka yokuphila mkhulu kakhulu: squid kwabhalwa, waphila iminyaka engama-22. Igqi- umda - ngokonakala umgangatho wamanzi, ngenxa yoko, ukuncitshiswa abemi yeentlanzi komlambo, nto leyo parasitize ukuba ezidla data ezingenamqolo.

arthropoda

Ukususela uhlobo intlanzi zifakiwe kwi-Red kwiNcwadi kummandla Volgograd, kufanele kuphawulwe Szczytno ehlotyeni. Olu hlobo lokuphila ngaphandle utshintsho kwizigidi iplanethi yethu zeminyaka, ngoku eyingozi lincitshiswe. Ahlala kule crustacean amancinci kumanzi kuyaphi kunye ezinzulwini ezisuka-20 cm ukuya kangangeemitha ezi-2. Kwakhona silungele amachibi, ezingxingweni, emaquleni, nemiqolomba nezikhukhula. In Szczytno kukho inkqubo ekhethekileyo ukusinda kombungu ukuphuhlisa kwixesha elifutshane, amaqanda, uze ngokukhawuleza kakhulu uqole ngokwesondo. Le yimeko yokuhlala esibaluleke kakhulu kumanzi abanzi, leyo ngokukhawuleza yome. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko umthetho, Barrier aphezu phezulu ikhonkco lokutya kwindawo yayo. Nakuba kunjalo, amanani zabo uncipha ngenxa amanzi isixokelelwano semibhobho (Imibungu Andinaxesha ukuba umjikelo).

Enye crustacean abahlala izadunge namachibi amancinci - horribilis hirotsefalus. Oku akuthethi ukuthi xumbu kwayo, umzimba wakhe ufikelela mm-16 kuphela. Le crustacean ityhalela rhoqo, yena ehamba izadunge zikhangela ukutya - ezincinane, isilwanyana okanye yemifuno. Anyamalale ngenxa ukunciphisa inani zokuhlala.

Tanimastiks ichibi kwakhona ezikhuselekileyo kummandla Volgograd. Le crustacean oluncinane (13 mm) kwaye inxulumene branchiopoda ebalelelwe lilanga, uhlala ikakhulu kumadama. Le nto umda ngokuba kukho ungcoliseko lomhlaba, apho ukusekwa kwendawo yayo.

Kwakhona of kwezilwanyana kufuneka kuqatshelwe branhinektu amancinci kunye streptotsefala groznonogogo. Ukucutha izinto eziphila ukuba ziyafana nezo ezichazwe ngasentla.

Of abameli ezinamaqokobhe kwi-Red kwiNcwadi kummandla Volgograd weza Scorpion lweMeditera. Ngegama kucacile apho ummeli oqhelekileyo kakhulu, kodwa ke ezi zidalwa Angema kulaa mmandla Volgograd. Bakhetha imihlaba enesanti: iindunduma, iindawo entlango, kakuhle wotha lilanga. Badla ezinye izinambuzane: izigcawu, iimpukane, amabhabhathane ezincinane.

izinambuzane

Bonke Red kwiNcwadi kummandla Volgograd abhalwe iintlobo 59 izinambuzane. Makhe siqwalasele abo apho kwezenkolo, boyika kakhulu, oko kukuthi, ukuba ifakwe kule ncwadi ka amanani 1 okanye 2.

krasnoloby Kornegryz - ngexesha lokugqibela lo qongqothwane kuphela ehlala kummandla Lower iVolga, bubonakala kummandla ngo-1994. Le ndawo yokuhlala - Lake Elton.

Olunye uhlobo ezisengozini - chafer egudileyo. Le scarab ummeli ukhetha ukuhlala imithi yakudala, endala. Zonke kuba chafer kwindawo kukhule amaxolo ezibolileyo, kunye abadala zidle emthini incindi. Abaninzi bakhetha Ashera oki, kodwa nazo zifumaneka imithi yeziqhamo ezifana apile kunye namapere. Ukunciphisa inani enxulumene nangokukrola emasimini ubudala.

Ngokukodwa ezikhuselweyo kummandla Volgograd nesibotho ukusuka intsapho weevils stefanokleonus -chetyrehpyatnisty. Le isinambuzane ash izimvi ifikelela 1.5 neesentimitha ubude. yokuhlala ekhethwayo - emathafeni, Lubeka mibungu emhlabeni. Ekulimeni nokulima kumazwe amatsha - lo mbandela mkhulu umda.

Ekhuselweyo indawo kunye amabhabhathane. Ukuze igama ngeentlobo ezimbalwa: edandelion moth, Saturnia Pavonia, acontius Titania, nebomvu ingwe moth, Dawn zegris, Lucyna, rhymnus neolycaena. Yokuduka le izinambuzane linxulunyaniswa nokutshatyalaliswa zokuhlala zazo: amahlathi, amathafa engca amatyholo.

fish

Abanye abemi amachibi kwakhona adinga ukhuseleko ezizodwa kummandla kummandla Volgograd. Nazi ezinye abameli. Okokuqala, lo ngowona lamprey, i lweCaspian kunye Ukrainian. Ukuba yokugqibela yabonakala iVolga isitya kutshanje (kwi Sura River), i-lweCaspian waphila kanye apha, kodwa iye yaphela emva kokwakhiwa Volgograd edamini. lamprey Ukrainian lweCaspian ezincinane: ubude umzimba ka-20 cm, ngeli lixa 55 cm.

Izilwanyana yommandla Volgograd, ezidweliswe kwi-Book Red - kuba nazo zonke iindidi zeentlanzi. Ngaloo ndlela, ingakumbi ezikhuselweyo apha starlet. It is a ilungu encinane yentsapho ntlanzi, ofikelela cm-125 ubude. Irhamncwa ithanda ezingenamqolo ezincinane, maxa wambi utya caviar. Sihlala ukuya kwiminyaka engama-30. Eyona ezisemqoka ngokunciphisa - poaching (intlanzi ezixabisekileyo ukutya) kunye ungcoliseko lwamanzi. Sturgeon bakhetha amanzi angcwengekileyo njengekristale.

Phantse yanyamalala amanzi wemifula kulo mmandla kaThixo, ukutya Azov kunye iVolga herring.

izilwanyana

Yintoni abanye abameli ibandakanya Red Book of kummandla Volgograd? Animals ezahlukeneyo zalo, kukho kwakhona abameli ezirhubuluzayo.

Umzekelo, vulgaris copperhead. Nangona le nyoka ukusuka colubridae usapho abantu ayikho yingozi, kuba utshabalalisa kwakunye zokuhlala zabo - glades ehlathini, a wotha kakuhle ilanga. Copperhead isenokuba ezingwevu umbala, kwaye elityheli-brown okanye emdaka. Umehluko Its - lomculo udlulayo iphumele entunjeni.

Ezikhuselweyo kummandla Volgograd iintlobo ezimbini zeenyoka: zheltobryuhy kunye esinamavili. Ezi colubridae imithi ekunyukeni elungileyo, apho bafumana ukutya kwabo. Ngokuba umntu ayikho isisongelo.

Kuphela ummeli ezirhubuluzayo ye-Red Book of kummandla Volgograd, ayingozi ebantwini - lweliso lerhamba Nikolsky. Le Inyoka umbala obanzi omnyama. It ukhetha amahlathi avuthulukayo iwele ezintlanjeni emlanjeni. Imiba ephambili umda - kokonakaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala, ukubamba ukuxubana lerhamba eqhelekileyo.

iintaka

Enye iklasi yezilwanyana akhuselwe yi-Red Book of kummandla Volgograd, - iintaka. Bona iintlobo 54. Makhe siqwalasele babuthathaka.

Okokuqala, Niyibazele indlebe nabameli idada. Oku oziphatha emhlophe, kunye Okuluhlaza marbled, namhlophe-headed nedada kanye idada ferruginous. intaka Last - undwendwe Volgograd kummandla ezinqabileyo kakhulu ngenxa yokuba akukho yokwakha ngokusisigxina. Kwakhona kwi inani idada kuchaphazela imisebenzi yezoqoqosho yabantu ezinxulumene nokutshatyalaliswa zokuhlala zabo. lokuzingela engagunyaziswanga - esinye isizathu.

Birds of inkxalabo ekhethekileyo ixhoba nalo, Pallid Harrier, Greater nezirhwexu Eagle, Saker Falcon, njengeyona Ukhetshe Njengomncinane Kestrel.

Ukusuka Galliformes kufuneka anikezele icula kunye bustard. Le ntaka lokuqala ohlala elintlangothi ehlathini emfutshane, le yesibini ithanda emathafeni. utshaba lwabo - mntu. Bustard anyamalale ngenxa uphuhliso emathafeni phantsi umhlaba olimekayo, kunye icula kuba ubukhulu becala ngenxa ukuzingela ngaphandle kwemvume.

ezanyisayo

Ezincancisayo yommandla Volgograd, ezidweliswe kwi-Book Red - a Desman Russian (inani yayo phantse shwaka ngenxa ungcoliseko lwamanzi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa yimiqolomba), kunye iimpuku (northern Umbala ezintathu-nempuku kunye emaqanda dakasa). Ezidla inkxalabo kakhulu ummeli kuphela yentsapho weasel - tubal.

izityalo

nje ukukhusela izilwanyana Red Book of kummandla Volgograd. Izityalo emelwe. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye zazo. Kuthiwa ukuba uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana iintlobo zezilo - evela ubulembu kunye ulele ukuba nomngundo.

Ngenxa yoko, phantsi ukhuselo elikhetheke yathabatha iNcwadi Red yendawo Volgograd isityalo abangabameli of bryophytes. A lot of kubo. Sibala a ingakumbi onge: anomodon longifolia, klimatsium treelike, taksifillum vissgrilli, enkalipta zavitoplodnaya.

Of iifeni kukubonelela Marsilio ezinoboya. Le besityalo esisodwa ehlala emanzini okwethutyana, ngoko abantu yayo ixhomekeke kubungakanani imvula ngonyaka. Kwakhona, le into umda na umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho umntu: uphuhliso amadlelo amadlelo.

primroses ngokukodwa ezikhuselweyo kunye nommandla Volgograd. incwadi ebomvu kuza ukuziphendulela, umzekelo, peony Heavy-umsebenzi, nto leyo esezansi ekuqaleni May. Le mbali enhle kukutsala ingqalelo, nto ke leyo ebangele ukuba ndandidimazeka ukuba amaqoqo. Ngaphezu koko, le ndawo boniswa bemnyathela kwi amadlelo. Enye Red Book primrose - icula Russian, endingowakhe ukuya daylilies usapho. Tulips Gesner kunye dvuhtsvetkovy ukwakhusela Olubomvu Book of kummandla Volgograd. Plants elapho, kuba Akuvunyelwe ukuphazamisa kwaye esetyenziselwa iinjongo zakho.