I-Sytny yemakethe, iSt. Petersburg: inkcazo kunye neenkcukacha ezithakazelisayo

I-Petersburg ikhanya ngeendawo zokwakha kunye neemfihlelo. Indawo ezidlulileyo kwiidolophu azikwazi ukubalwa - iindonga zegumbano zigcina iimfihlelo zokubethelwa kunye nokuthanda. Iinjongo kunye nezitrato ziyakhumbula ukuba iinqwelo zihamba ngaphaya kwamatye okujika okanye iinqwelo zityhutyha kwiqhwa laseLadoga Ichibi, zisusa abantwana ekukhutshweni, kwaye ngoko u-Victory yafika ngeendlela ezifanayo. Kukho indawo eSt. Petersburg, igama lembali kunye nenjongo engazange yatshintshe - ezi ziimarike. Omnye wabo ngumakethi eStny.

Njani

Ngesicelo sikaPetros I sokwakhiwa kweSt. Petersburg "abantu abasebenza" bathatyathwa kuzo zonke iRashiya. Bahlala kwinqwaba, ngokobuzwe, inkolo okanye abantu basekuhlaleni. Ngoko, iKronverkom Petropavlovka, ecaleni kweGoat Marsh, kwakukho iTatar Sloboda, apho iTatars, Kazakhs, iTurks kunye nezinye iintlanga ezenza amaSilamsi zahlala. Iindlu, kwindlela yesiRashiya, zazingekho, kodwa ukulungiswa kwakukho yonke indawo. Izibonelelo zongezelelwe i-bazaar apho zithenga khona ukutya, kodwa zagqiba ukutya.

Bathengisa ngokusondele ngokuhlwa, xa abantu bezitshintsha emva komsebenzi ukuya kwindlu. I-Bold yorhwebo yaqhutyelwa kumabutho, ii-trays, i-tavern kunye nabathengisi. I-Petersburg yakhiwa, kodwa abakhi bayo abaninzi bahlala phantsi baza bahlala kuloo dolophu. Ngoku endaweni yeyurts, iTartsky layane kwaye i-Cathedral Mosque imele. Ekuqaleni, imakethi yaseTatar yayiseTroitskaya Square, kodwa emva komlilo we-1711 yafudukela emaphethelweni, apho yayigxilwe khona.

Igama lavela phi

Bambiza njani i-Stock Petersburg Stock Market? Ekuqaleni, wayegqoke i-cacophonous, kodwa igama elichanekileyo - u-Obzhorny, kubantu babibizwa ngokuthi yi-Obzhorkoy. Iimarike zithengisa ukutya okutyebileyo, okungekho kuphela amaTatars namaKazakhs athengayo ngokuzonwabisa, kodwa bonke abantu baseSt. Petersburg, abafana, abathengisi kunye ne-aristocracy entsha, edla ngokubonga ngenxa ye "eleverator" kunye nokukhanya kokumkani. Emva kokuvunyelwa kwindawo entsha, i-marhwebo ithola igama elitsha phezu kwexesha.

Ukutolika kwesihloko esithi "Iimarike ezithengayo" kunemvelaphi engqiqo kunye neengqiqo. NgokweSt. Petersburg iinkolelo, imarike yayivame ukutyelelwa ngumbutho wokuqala waseSt. Petersburg, iNkosana Alexander Menshikov, ethanda ngokunyanisekileyo iipeya kunye neenwele zoguncu. Ngokuthengwa ngabathengisi bezinto ezidliwayo, wawadla ngokukhawuleza, ngeli xesha esithi: "Yeka ukwaneliseka!"

Incazelo ecacileyo yegama inezinketho ezininzi. Ngokutsho komnye wabo, kubonakala ngenxa yorhwebo "epheleleyo" - amanzi anelisekile ngobusi. Ngokomxholo wesibini, umgubo wawuthengiswa kumgangatho wokurhweba, owawuwucoca ngaphambili ngama-sieve, athengiswa ngokukhawuleza. Kukho enye inkcazo - kwimigangatho yokurhweba i-chintz yayithengiswa kuyo, apho igama lokuqala lavela khona- "Imarike yintsimi", ixesha elidala lisasebenzisa leli gama. Ngandlela-thile, ngexesha elide, igama eliqhelekileyo labahlali "uSytnyi" wayeqhelekile kwaye waba ligama elisemthethweni lokuqala le shishini laseSt. Petersburg.

Musa ukuthengisa omnye

Iminyaka engama-150, i-Sytny yemakethe yasebenza njengendawo yokubulawa kwabantu, kwaye yonke into yaqala ngexesha lolawulo luka-Anna Ioanovna, owanikezelayo ukuyenza nokuxolela uBroon oyithandayo. Ukwenza ukubulawa kwindawo yoluntu yaba yindlela yokusongela, zenziwe zibonise. Ngasinye ixesha i-scaffold entsha eyakhiwe, eyatshiswayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye kunye nokubulawa kwayo.

Ukubulawa kwaqhutyelwa njengomboniso, kwaye phantse ungapheli. Esinye sezivakalisi ezibalaseleyo iStny yemarike yabona ngomhla wokuqhutywa kwe-AP Volynsky kunye nabahlobo bakhe (ngoJuni 27, 1740). Isizathu sokubanjwa nokuhlaziywa ngokulandelelana kwakuyilenqe, eyayiqhuba umda wegunya lokumkani, ukususwa kwabangaphandle kwizithuba zikaburhulumenteni kunye nokutyunjwa kwabameli baseRashiya kwilizwe laseRussia kwiindawo ezikhokelayo. Ngokutsho kukaVolynsky kunye nabalingane bakhe, ulawulo luka-Anna Ioanovna lwalichitha ilizwe, kwaye iiprojethi zaseJamani zithintela uqoqosho, zinyusa ulawulo lwabantu kunye nokuxhomekeka kwabo.

Ubundlobongela bububi. U-Volynsky wabulawa ngokunqumla ulwimi, izandla kunye nentloko, iintombi zakhe zithunyelwa kwiintlanzi zeedolophu ezizifungo, kwaye unyana wakhe wathunyelwa eSiberia ukuze athunyelwe kumajoni aseKamchatka eneminyaka eyi-15. Zonke izakhiwo zabhalwa kwiintandokazi zasebukhosini. Kwahlanganiswa kunye neVolynsky, Khrushchov kunye neJeropkin. USimonov, uMusin-Pushkin bathunyelwa emigodini yaseSiberia, kwaye u-Eichler wathunyelwa kwiNdlunkulu yaseSolovetsky.

Imemori yento eyenziwe yenziwa igcinwe apho, apho kwakukho indawo yamangcwaba e- Sampsonievsky Cathedral, kwaye ke baqhekeza ipaki. I-obelisk ye-1885 kwaye ngoku ikhuselekile, kuyo amagama abafileyo aqoshiwe. Ukwenziwa komsebenzi wokugqibela womntu kwindawo yangaphambili yeemakethi yeSith kwenzeka ngoDisemba 14, 1861. Ngaloo mini, uMikhail Illarionovich uMikhailov wagwetywa, owayenqwenela ukubiza ulutsha ukuba aguquke aze adilize ubukumkani, akazange abulawe. Ingqungquthela yabhengezwa ngeyantlanu kusasa, ikrele laphulwa phezu kwentloko yebanjwa kwaye yathumela ukuvakalisa isigwebo kwimigodi yaseSiberia.

Ye - 19 leminyaka

Iimakethi ezintle zalahlekelwa yindawo yayo yangaphambili kunye nenxalenye yommandla wayo malunga nokulungiswa kwe-Alexander Park. Indawo yokumenyezelwa kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezivakalisi ayikhumbuli nto. Ngoku ulapha, malunga nendawo enye, iHolo loMculo kunye nendawo yokuzonwabisa "I-Baltic House" ikhona.

Icala lasePetersburg ekupheleni kweenkulungwane ezingama-19-20 kwakukho indawo engahloneliyo kwaye yayinabantu abaninzi abahluphekileyo, eyakhiwe ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yento ebonakala ngathi yinto.

Kukho iziqhamo eziye zachuma, kwaye ngoku kutsho, ngo-2014, kwintsimi yangaphambili yemarike yafunyanwa ngamangcwaba aqhelekileyo, isiseko secawa yamaLuthela esasemva kwekhulu le-18, ukuqhubeka kwezifundo ezikhoyo. Ubomi obutsha, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, i-Market Steady (iSt. Petersburg) yafunyanwa kunye nokwakhiwa kweBridge Bridge.

Kwekhulu lama-20

Emva kokwakhiwa kwexesha elide, ngelo xesha, ibhulorho ngaphaya kweNeva, icala lePetersburg laba yindawo enokufashisa kuyo i-intelligentsia kunye ne-aristocracy. Kwiminyaka elishumi elininzi, izakhiwo ezininzi zendawo yokuhlala kunye nezakhiwo zikawonkewonke zakhiwe, zakha umfanekiso oyingqayizivele wokwakha weSiliva. Imakethe yasePetersburg yomelele yafumana isakhiwo esitsha ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Umklamo waseMarian Lyalevich noMarian Peretyatkovich banikezela ipolisi ebonakalayo kwisimo samanje kwisakhiwo.

Isakhiwo esitsha semarike savulwa ngo-1913. Kodwa ukuphuhlisa ngamandla onke, zonke iziseko zorhwebo ayilungiselelwe. Imfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala yafika, izitya zokutya zazincinci. Iingcamango zenguqu, kunye nentlupheko, zazisa inkqubo yekhadi yokuhanjiswa kwemveliso, eyaqhubeka de kwaphakathi kwe-1930. I-Market Sitny ivaliwe ngokukhawuleza emva komnyaka we-17. Ukuvulwa kwakhona kwenzeka kuphela ngowe-1936, xa inkqubo yekhadi isuswe.

Ixesha langoku

Namhlanje iimarike zifuna ukuvuselelwa kwakhona nokubuyiselwa. Ngokubhekiselele kwiimfuno zedolophu ezisemitsha, indawo yalo kufuneka ibe ubuncinane ubunamahektare amabini, kodwa isakhiwo esiyimbali asisongela ukuvalwa. Ngo-2014, ukwakha imakethe yaseSytinsky kwongezwa kwiirejista zezikhumbuzo zezakhiwo, ezaba yincwadi yokukhusela. Ngoku phezu kwesi sakhiwo akuyi kuba nemisebenzi, kwaye phantsi kwesiseko akuprofethi enye indawo yokupaka.

Ngaphakathi kweso sakhiwo, phantse yonke into yayigcinwe kakuhle: ukuthuka kwegalari ephezulu kusekhona ubuhle, ukukhanya okuvela kwicala elingasentla kunika ukukhanya okongeziweyo. Yonke imizekelo "yokulungiswa kweYurophu" idibaniswa lula, kodwa inkqubo isasesikweni sokucwangcisa.

Ngo-2010, iMakethe yemakethe yayigubha iminyaka engama-300. Ihlala iselinye seemarike ezinkulu kwinxalenye yePetrograd. Ukongeza kokutya, kwiinqanaba unokuthenga iintlobo zendlu, iimpahla, ukutya kwezilwanyana kunye nayo yonke into oyifunayo ekhaya nakwiintsapho.

Ulwazi olu luncedo

Indawo epheleleyo yomgangatho wokurhweba wemakethi yeSaty i-2600 square meters. Amitha, apho kukho iipropthi ezingama-524, ukuthengiswa kwemveliso yonyaka malunga neetoni ezili-12 zeetoni. Urhwebo luqhutywa rhoqo ukususela ngo-08: 00 ukuya ku-19: 00 ntambama. Kanye kwinyanga, ilanga lokuhlambulula, liwela ngeCawa yokugqibela nganye nyanga.

Abahlali bathebileyo abathengi. Idilesi: USyninskaya Square, isakhiwo 3-5. Isikhululo seMetro: kufuphi Gorkovskaya.