Ibhuloho yasePalmburg eKaliningrad. Ibhuloho yasePalmburg (eBerlin)

Kukho eKoenigsberg (ngoku i-Kaliningrad eRussian Federation) enye indawo ephawulekayo-i-Palmer Bridge. Kunoko, kwakunjalo. Izibonelelo ngoku zikhwela esibhakabhakeni, njengebhaloji. Kodwa oku akunjalo. Ummandla wasemaphandleni wendawo uhlanganiswe neengxelo zamagama kunye neengcamango. Nangona ibhuloho ayindala kakhulu - ummi waseKoenigsberg, ifilosofi u- Immanuel Kant akazange ambone. Iibhanki ezimbini zomlambo we-Pregol zahlanganiswa kuphela ngo-1935. Kwiminyaka elishumi, iimoto kunye nabahamba ngeenyawo zihanjiswe yiyo, kwaye akukho ndolozo okanye umoya owazi ukuba ibhuloho yamangaliswa. Yayiyintoni na? Oku kuya kuxutyushwa kwinqaku. Kwaye malunga nokuba uhlazo olutsha olutsha lwadlala ibhuloho nabantu ngoJanuwari 2015.

Ukwakhiwa

Ngowe-1929 iRiphablikhi ye-Weimar yavelisa inkqubo ekhethekileyo ngokuphathelele kuyo intsimi yaseJamani ekufuneka ihlanganiswe yintanethi ye-autobahns. Ngenxa yoko, idolophu nganye yayibandakanywe kwiziseko zoqoqosho zelizwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwakunokwenzeka ukukhanga amawaka abasebenzi kubakhi. Ukuba ukhumbule ibali, emva kokutshatyalaliswa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Lokuqala, uqoqosho lwaseJamani luye lwahla. Isantya sokungabikho kwemisebenzi sasimangalisa. Ngoko ke, ukwakhiwa kwe-autobahns kuxazululwe iingxaki ezininzi. Inkqubo yaqhutyelwa emva kokuba iNational Socialist Party ibe namandla. Kodwa uA. Hitler sele sele eseza ekwakheni i-autobahns ingcamango yezinto ezinamandla. Ibhuloho yasePalmburg yayinxulumano endleleni edibanisa iKoeenigsberg ( eMpuma yePrussia) kunye no-Elbing (ngoku isixeko sasePoland sase-Elblag). Imisebenzi ekwakheni kwayo yagqitywa entwasahlobo ka-1935. Bathi idibhoni ebomvu yahlulwa nguAdolf Hitler ngokwakhe, owafika kwesi sihlandlo eKoenigsberg.

Etymology

Igama lokuqala lebhuloho yiPalmburger Brücke. Yanikwa inhlonipho yefa elikufuphi. Umnini we-latifundia encinci wayeyindoda, enqwenela ukukhula kwezityalo ezingaqhelekanga. Kwakukho iintende kwi-greenhouse yayo. Ngoku akukho ndawo yokuhlala, akukho zityalo ezingaqhelekanga. Endaweni ye "Palm Gorodok" yindawo engqongekanga yaseNxweme. Kodwa ifama yanika igama kwibhulorho. Kwaphela ixesha elide labizwa ngokuba yiPalmburgsky.

Ibhuloho yaseBerlin - yile ndlela ukuwela ngaphaya kwe-Pregol kuqala emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Ewe, indlela ye-Elblong ayizange iphele apho. Ukusuka kwesi sixeko sasePoland umgwaqo omkhulu wagijima ngqo eBerlin. Kwaye ibhuloho eKaliningrad yadlala indima enkulu ekubanjeni ukubhiyozela ukuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II eYurophu ngoMeyi, kwaye kungabi njalo, ngoFebhuwari. Kodwa malunga nale - kamva kamva.

Imfihlelo yeBridge Bridge

Sithe satsho ukuba uAdolf Hitler akakhethi nje iindlela, kodwa izixhobo zempi. Lo kwakuyiBridge Bridge. Ngokuchasene nembonakalo kunye neengingqi zasezidolophini, wayengelona i-drawbridge. Ukwakhiwa kwakhiwa njengolunye u-monolithic okhethiweyo. Ininzi yezibonda zazifumaneka kumhlaba, ekubeni iibhanki zeNova kunye ne-Old Pregoli zininzi. Iziqhekeza ezahlukileyo ze-ferry zachithwa ngqo kwibhuloho. Ngaloo ndlela, umkhumbi ungabizwa ngokuthi ukwahlukana kunye nokugqitha, kodwa kungekhona ibhola. "Ukumangalisa" kwebhuloho kwakukho imigodi eyakhelwe kwiinkxaso. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-explosive esebenze, into ephakathi yayiwela emanzini, okwenza kube nzima ukuwela iinqanaba zomhlaba kunye nokuhamba kweenqanawa kunye nomlambo. Kodwa ke ngowe-1935, ibhuloho yayisebenza kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwamamitha angamakhulu mathandathu anamashumi amathathu nantathu ubude buneemibhobho ezine. Zimbini kuphela ezibuyiselwe kwixesha lamaSoviet.

Ibhuloho yasePalmburg (eBerlin) kunye nendima yayo kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Ekupheleni kuka-1944 nakwiminyaka yokuqala ye-1945, amasosha aseSoviet ahambela ngasentshonalanga. Amadolophu athatyathwa emva kwesinye, kwabonakala ngathi ukuphela kwemfazwe bekufuphi. NgoJanuwari, imikhosi yama-11 neye-39 ephantsi komyalelo ka-Colonel-Jikelele uG. Galitsky kunye noLieutenant-General I. ULududkov waqalisa ukugxeka uKoenigsberg. Ekupheleni kwenyanga imikhosi yaseSoviet yaphumelela ukuba ijikeleze isixeko. Intsingiselo yebhulophu yasePalmburg yayiqondwa yiRashiya kunye namaHitler. Emva kwakhe wayelula umzila ogqithisileyo waya eBerlin. Ngenxa yoko, i- fascist eJamani yazama ukutshabalalisa ibhuloho yasePalmburger, iRashiya yayifuna ukuyisindisa ekuqhubekeni kwayo kwemikhosi yayo.

Ngobusuku bukaJanuwari 29-30, 1945, umphathi weKoenigsberg, u-Otto Lyash, wenza isigqibo. Ngo-0:36 ukuqhuma kwanda. Njengoko kwakucwangciswe yiinjineli ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho, iqhekeza eliphambili lawela emanzini, lithintela umzila we-Pregoli. Ukuhlambalaza kwe-Red Army kuminywe, i-blitzkrieg ayizange isebenze. Amajoni aseSoviet ayanyanzelekile ukuba ahambe esuka ekuhlaseleni, aze "akhankanywe" emasangweni eKoenigsberg kude kube ngu-Apreli 9, 1945.

I-Bridge yasePalmburg eKaliningrad

Emva kwemfazwe, ukuwela phezu kweemikhono ze-Pregoli kwakusungulwa kunokuba buhlungu kakhulu: kwakukhona umququ weemithi ezibekwe kwiindawo eziqhekekileyo, kunye nemilambo - iiplanga eziphantsi zamabriddo. Ukuqwalasela ukuba ibhuloho yayifakwe kwindlela yokuhamba ngeenxa zonke eKaliningrad, imeko yaba yinto ebalulekileyo. Kulo mkhungwane kwakukho rhoqo ukuhamba, nangona bekungekho imoto emininzi kuloo minyaka njengangoku.

Ngomnyaka we-1949, i-Bridge Palmburg Bridge yaqhuma yayifakwe kwi-movie eqingqiweyo ethi "Intlanganiso kwi-Elbe". Ifilimu endala yathatha iintsika ezikhangela esibhakabhakeni. Kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe, kwagqitywa isigqibo sokubuyisela ibhuloho. Ngesono kwisiqingatha, ezimbini zeevili ezine zalungiswa. Ngama-1990, kwakhiwa kwakhona iBridge Bridge. Kodwa imali eyabelwe le nto yanyamalala kwinqanaba elingaziwa, ukwakhiwa kwale ndawo, kwaye ayizange iqale.

Berlin Bridge namhlanje

Ekuqaleni kweenkulungwane ezimbini kwakukho iiprojekthi ekwakhiweni kwakhona kwezinto zokubuka eKaliningrad. Kodwa abazange banikwe imali. Ngo-2012, urhulumente wanquma ukwakha ibhuloho entsha, kungekudala ePalmburg. Yaqaliswa ngoDisemba 2013. Olu lwakhiwo lwe-22 lusekela kunye nobude beemitha ezili-1780 zaba yinxalenye yesango laseMalin Kaliningrad. Ngo-2014, urhulumente wanquma ukutshabalalisa iBridge Bridge. Oko abantu abaLwandle abaBomvu bazama ukukulondoloza kule xabiso ngo-1945 ngoku kwakuxhomekeke ekubhubhisweni. Abantu basezidolophini babenzima ekulahlekelweni kwezinto zabo. Kodwa ukunyaniseka kwesiqhelo seBalburgridge kwakungokuthi ngoJanuwari 2015, wawa, wawabulala abantu ababini kunye nokulimaza abanye abane.