Ifilosofi Natural le Renaissance njenge phambili izithethe zamandulo

Neengcamango kudala ndizama ukucacisa uhlobo ubhalo - Ibangela iinkqubo ezenzeka kuyo, ulwalamano phakathi nesenzeko ayo, ukufumana intsingiselo kulo, yaye sisiseko esingundoqo okanye primary. Le ndlela yentanda kwathiwa bulumko yendalo. Isigaba sokuqala sale uphuhliso oku yaba intanda endalo kudala, abameli uninzi lifana egqalwa isikolo Milesian kunye nabalandeli kaPythagoras (ixesha pre-kaSocrates, VII-VI BC).

Zobulumko isikolo Milesian owaziwa ngokuba ebambekayo kunye ukufuna ukuba umgaqo olunye uhlobo kudityaniswe izinto eziluncedo ezifana izixhobo ngeenkwenkwezi, iimephu, iisextants. Ngoko ke, inabe wayekholelwa lo mbandela izinto bephila, kodwa ubukhulu becala lokuqala - amanzi. Anaximander ebizwa ekwakuphila umcimbi "apeiron", ekholelwa ukuba ngenxa ezingangqinelaniyo ezikhoyo kuyo (kushushu-ebandayo), ihlabathi iphela. Kwakhona gilozoistom, ukuba kukholeleka ukuba iphile mbandela. Anaximenes amelwe umgaqo yokuqala emoyeni, yaye Heraclitus - umlilo. KaPythagoras kunye Pythagoreans wabona ngemihla isiseko eyimfihlakalo yezinto zonke nesazisi zabo zombhalo. Bonke sikholelwa ukuba yonke into amaqhina oqhagamshelwano emajukujukwini, iphile, yonke into - abantu, bambi, izilwanyana - zinendawo yazo nenjongo.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo esichazela ukuba achaze uhlobo ngendlela efanayo yaye ngisho elithile nokubuyisela cosmocentrism yamandulo, kwakhona kwavela Renaissance. ifilosofi Natural le Renaissance uphawuleka ezama ukucacisa indalo nje kuphela, kodwa yokuhlanganisa bulumko lamaKristu cosmocentrism kunye pantheism. indawo ithiyori kwaye epistemological yale ndlela yokucinga kufaneleke zezethu Nikolayu Kuzanskomu, lowo uzayo kwintsapho umlimi, owaba iimpawu. Wazama ukucacisa bulumko yenkolo neempawu zezibalo, ezifana Pythagoreans, kwakunye uhlobo esivakalayo samalungu ungubani Nature noThixo. UThixo, ukususela kwinqanaba kwimboniselo Nikolaya Kuzanskogo - kuba ntle ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ke ubuncinane enye kunye eliphezulu, kodwa ke Absolute kwi "liwa" fom ziyafumaneka ukholo. Yena "ngel 'kwindalo, yaye ngoko ke ingqondo na abaluqiqa. Uphakamise a iingcamango ezimbalwa ezilindelweyo ingcamango Copernican, kwaye imiba esi ngengqiqo Hegelian.

ifilosofi Natural le Renaissance, enengqondo Nikolaem Kuzanskim, iye yaphuhliswa kwaye eneneni isekelwe Neapolitan Bernardino Telesio. UThixo, Kakade ke, wadala ihlabathi, ukuba lo mnqweno yokuqala, eyothi ehlabathini, kodwa kuko kulo ihlabathi, ngenxa yokugqibela ilawulwa yi-siseko lo mbandela. Zonke izinto eziphathekayo, nangona siseko bezinto ungenakubonwa. Isizathu nesayensi babiziweyo ukwazi uhlobo apho izimele kwaye umthombo wolwazi. Ukufunda uhlobo, ungaya ukuya kuThixo. Waphila hylozoism antique, zithathe ukuba zonke izinto uyakwazi ukuziva, wabeka phambili ingcamango yokuba zonke intshukumo ngokwendalo eyenziwe phambi izichasi.

Bernardino Telesio wadala kowabo ekuhlaleni labaphandi nemvelo (Academia Telesiana). Sinokuthi-bulumko endalo Renaissance zimelwe zemvelo eli xesha, ezifana uLeonardo da Vinci, Indlela yophononongo endalo kunye aphengela indlela ngokomfuniselo-izibalo zophando lwe uFrancis Bacon. Developed le ndlela UGalileo Galilei, yona iyafana Telesio, wayekholelwa ukuba uThixo wadala ihlabathi, kodwa uqala ukuphuhlisa ngokunxulumene nemithetho yabo, nokuphikela ukufunda zazo kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa imifuniselo.

Izazi uNikolay Kopernik, Iogann Kepler kunye Tycho Brahe, ngathi amanani amaninzi Renaissance, kakhulu, ziye zanegalelo bulumko wendalo. ifilosofi Natural le Renaissance ufumbethe ku Copernicus ukuba umsebenzi wakhe "Ngomhla koko ke imizimba yasezulwini," okunene wemka Umhlaba evela yasezulwini, kwaye umntu lweziko 'yeengcinga' yendalo iphela, ukuba kubekwe Cosmos, nangona paradigmatu yenzululwazi ixesha lakhe. Akumangalisi on ingcwaba lakhe lithi: "wayeka ilanga ndaza ndabuye- Umhlaba". Kepler and Tycho Brahe ngokwezibalo yaba imfundiso Copernican le Ukubolekisa iiplanethi kwaye ibalwa imithetho yeentshukumo zabo.

ifilosofi Natural le Renaissance sele thaca amanani amabini umdla - yi UGIORDANO Bruno kunye Paracelsus (uTheophrastus Bombast of Gogeghayma). Bruno naye akazange akhanyele ukuba uThixo ichithiwe kwindalo kunye, ke ngoko, Nature kufuneka engapheli States zazo zombini (iindlela) - oko kukuthi, umoya kunye esithubeni. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kubekho umhlaba kuphela, kodwa kumazwe amaninzi, kwaye ilanga - yenye iinkwenkwezi. Njengoninzi zobulumko zendalo, Bruno nayo ingqalelo uhlobo umbandela kwaye efanayo ixesha by bephethe umanyano zombini migaqo. Paracelsus kwaba bobabini gqirha, ngeenkwenkwezi, kunye esegumbini. Yena, naye, wayeqinisekile ukuba indalo kukho ubudlelwane jikelele, kwaye ukuba noopopayi, kodwa ndikholelwa ukuba olu lwalamano - "umlingo kunye eyimfihlakalo" kuba kunokwenzeka enye isitshixo i "ukufunyanwa semvelo". ifilosofi yemvelo lithandwa kuphela phakathi kwabantu bexesha lakhe - ngaye yaba edume kwaye yena a uGqirha Faustus AMAGQABAZA ▸ kuncwadi yaseYurophu.