Uphi iTiraspol? I-Tiraspol, iTransnistria: imephu, ifoto

I-Dniester yenye yeemilambo endala kunommandla waseNorthern Black Sea. Kulo bhankini lwaso lwekhohlo lukho umda omncinci womhlaba owawunxalenye yeengqungquthela ezahlukeneyo zombuso: ulawulo lwase-Ottoman, eRussia, neMoldavia. Inkunzi yeTransnistria yiTiraspol. Uphi na lo mzi? Ziziphi iimpapasho zexesha lakhe elidlulileyo kunye neli likhoyo ezithabathekisayo kwiindwendwe kunye nabemi beTiraspol? Siza kwenza ukhenketho oluqhelekileyo lweedolophu ezisemzantsi kunye neenxa zonke.

Uphi iTiraspol?

Inkunzi-dolophu yaseTransnistri ihlala kwi-106 km ngasentshona-ntshona ye-Odessa, kumgca oxhumanisa ichweba elunxwemeni lolwandle oluMnyama kunye neChisinau. Umgama ukuya kwikomkhulu yaseMoldova, ukuba usebenzisa indlela, unokukunqoba ihora eli-(malunga ne-80 km ecaleni kwendlela ye-asphalt).

Isixeko saseTiraspol sifana nesimo sexantathu, inxalenye engasentshona-ntshona ehlala ngaselunxwemeni lomlambo. Dniester. Igama, eliqukethe amagama amabini aseGrisi - "iTiras" (igama elidala lomlambo) kunye "pol", oku kuthetha "isixeko", kubonakala ngexesha lama-Russian Empress uCatherine II. Ngokweememori zabantu bexesha elide, ukumkanikazi wayengumdlali wolwimi lwase-Ancient Hellas.

Ukulungelelaniswa kweendawo zeTiraspol

Xa befuna ukucacisa isikhundla senkunzi yeTransnistria kwimephu yaseYurophu naseMoldova, ngokuqhelekileyo basebenzise iinqununu zeofisi yeposi-46 ° 50. W. No-29 ° 38 '. I-Etc. Njalo ngoku ziqesha iintlanganiso zabahlobo, zamkela kwaye zithumele iifrigram, iipastile, zifunde ikhowudi yeposi yeTiraspol kunye nolunye ulwazi. Isixeko sitholakala ngokusemthethweni kwimida yaseMoldova, ivumela ukuba inkulu yeli phablikhi ngokubhekiselele kubemi kunye nobukhulu bomhlaba.

Kutheni iTransnistria ebizwa ngokuba yi-republic "engaziwayo"?

Idolophu yedolophu yaseTiraspol yinkqubo yolawulo, ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye neenkcubeko ze- Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublika. Abemi beli lizwe laseMoldavian SSR bavotela kwingqungquthela yokudala imfundo yabo karhulumente. Oku kwenzeka malunga nekota yeshumi leminyaka edlulileyo, kodwa iziphumo ze-plebiscite azikaze zibonwe luluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe. I-index yeposi ye-Tiraspol-MD-3300 yikhowudi yedijithali kunye nenqamana efanayo neleta kwezinye iindawo zaseMoldovan. Ukwahlukana kwexesha neMoscow li-1 iyure.

Imbali yeTiraspol

Isiseko somzi kwi-Dniester sinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo kunye neziganeko zaseRashiya kwii-XVIII-XX zeenkulungwane. Umda wasezantsi lolawulo wawuhlobo "lweendlela" ezininzi kwiintlanga nakwiintsholongwane. Olu hlobo lugcinwe kwakhona kwiTiraspol yanamhlanje. I-Transnistria de i-XVIII inkulungwane eyayinabantu baseRussian Old Believers, i-Cossacks, i-Moldovan ne-Ukraine. Ukuphumelela kwiimfazwe ne-Ottomans, isigqibo ngo-Disemba 1791 seJass Treaty of Peace phakathi kweRashiya kunye neTurkey yaholela ekuhlaleni ngokukhawuleza kwiphondo lase-Ochakovsky ngabahlali abavela kwimiphondo yaseRashiya, isiBulgaria, isiArmenian, iikholoni zaseJamani.

Kwintsimi yalo mmandla, owaba ngumda osentshonalanga-ntshona wolawulo lwaseRashiya, uTarina Catherine II wayala i-Count AV Suvorov ukuba iququzelele umgca we-Dniester wokhuselo kwaye ibeke i-Fort Fortress. Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zaqhutyelwa ngo-1792 ngokwecebo lenzululwazi waseFransi F. De Volan. Inqaba yokuqala yenkqantosi ekwakhiweyo yayiyinkampani ye-Cossacks eyi-172 ekhokelwa yiqhawe elizayo leMfazwe yePatriotic ye-1812, uMatvei Platov. KwakunguDe Volan ocebisa ukuba i-Count Suvorov ibe yinqaba yaseTiraspol phambi kwinqaba yaseTurkey Bender, esebhankini elungileyo leDniester. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 1795, igama elisemthethweni lesi sixeko nguTiraspol.

Uphi iQonga eliphakathi?

Imizila yezakhiwo zembali zexesha lika-Alexander Suvorov zifumaneka kwingxenyana entshona yesixeko. Kwiziko lesikhulu senqabeni, iBorodino Square ikhona, isiqhumbuzo kwisiKrosi saseRashiya uMarshal Mikhail Kutuzov sakhiwe. Iplastiki ehlalayo kunye neengcambu zomhlaba weTiraspol Fortress (Sredinaya) zibuyiselwe kwaye zivulelwe abavakhenkethi. Jonga ukulungiswa kwesiqulatho, laphula ibali lokumiswa, imbali ingaba kwintsimi yenkqantosi ngokwalo okanye kwi-Museum ye-Tiraspol yeMbali Museum.

Kutheni imemori yemfazwe yaseBorodino igxininiswa egameni lesikwere saseTiraspol? Abemi babiza umnxeba "Borodinka". Konke malunga nobuntu bukaTutuzov, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwakhe kwi-Transnistria kunye nayo yonke iMoldova. NgoMeyi 1812 umlawuli waseRashiya wasayina isivumelwano soxolo kunye neTurkey. Kutuzov wathatha i-parade yamagosa ase-Tiraspol Fortress kwaye wabonga amajoni ukuba alwe noNapoleon. Iirhulmenti ezintathu, ezithatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yaseBorodino, zagqitywa kwiBendery naseTiraspol. Kwintsimi yaseTransnistria ukususela ngo-1792 kukho ezinye iindawo zomkhosi waseRussia. Ngoku zimelelwe ngumlinganiselo olinganiselwe wokugcina uxolo.

Sisiphi isikhumbuzo saba ngumqondiso weSixeko saseTiraspol?

Kuphi na indawo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo yenkunzi yeTransvory - equestrian isikhumbuzo ukuya eSuvorov? Isikhumbuzo sisetyenziswe kwisiseko sebala kunye negama elifanayo. Le ncinane, kodwa ikhona kwindawo ephakathi kwidolophu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iindwendwe zeendwendwe kunye nabakhenkethi ba tyelela iTiraspol. Uphi olunye uphawu - uphuhliso? LeRiphabliki yaseRashiya yeRadio Drama, esekelwe kwisakhiwo esikhulu seyunivesithi yaseTransnistria - iYunivesithi yaseSizwe. T. Shevchenko. Kumzantsi nakuma empuma ziindawo ezinkulu zeTiraspol - Kolkotovaya Balka, ilali yaseKrovsky, ifama yaseMbindi.

Ziziphi ezinye izinto ezikhangayo ozibona phakathi kweTiraspol?

Ukuba uyadlula kwisikhumbuzo ukuya eSuvorov kunye ne-alley, ungabona i-Orthodox enkulu yesikhungo seTransnistria. Kwindlela eyahlukileyo ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphambili kunezinye izinto ezinomdla:

• Iibhasi zeBronze zikaFranz de Volan noCatherine II;
• Ithempelesi ehlekileyo yama-orthodox;
• I-tank 34, esungulwe ngokuhlonipha inkululeko yeso sixeko kwi-fascist occupation (1941-1944);
• Isakhiwo esisikhumbuzo esakhiwe ngenhlonipho yabantu baseTransnistri ababhubha ngexesha lokulwa neMoldova ngo-1992;
• I-Tiraspol iyimyuziyamu yomanyano;
• Imyuziyamu yeSikhumbuzo somthonyama waseTiraspol ND Zelinsky (iRussia neSoviet chemistist);
• Ibhuloho ngaphesheya komlambo. Dniester.

Ukugqithwa kunye nebala leDe Volana kwibhankini lasekhohlo lomlambo yizona ndawo zibalaseleyo zeTiraspol. Kukho indawo zokuzonwabisa, iifestile, iindawo ezikhangayo kubantwana, iinqwelo zokuzonwabisa, isikebhe, isiteshi se kayak.

25 Oktobha Street

Inani labantu baseTiraspol kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye ngoku ngoku lithetha kakhulu i-Orthodoxy. Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwee-1920s, isitalato esibaluleke kakhulu salelo sixeko sabizwa ngokuba yi "Pokrovskaya" ngokuhlonipha iholide enkulu yeCawa leOthodoki-Ukukhuselwa kweNgcwelekazi. Abemi baseTiraspol bagubha iMthendeleko yeTempile neSuku seSixeko ngo-Oktobha 14 (Usuku lwePokrov). Ngoku umgwaqo omkhulu ophakathi kweTiraspol ubizwa ngokuba ufana neminyaka yolawulo lweSoviet, "kwi-25 Oktobha Street" (umhla wokuqala kokuvukela izixhobo zeBolsheviks e-Petrograd ngokutsho kwesitayela).

Ukuba uhamba esiteshini sesitimela, ujikeleza ngakwesokhohlo, ungabona isakhiwo seRiphabhlikhi yaseThe Republican neYunivesithi. Kwizitrato ezingama-Oktobha 25 kufuphi nebala lemidlalo kwizakhiwo ezihle kunye newashi yiholo leedolophu kunye ne-Tiraspol Soviet yamaGosa aBantu.

URhulumente kunye neCandelo eliPhezulu leTransnesiya basebenza kwisakhiwo, esikulo sitrato esisezantsi, ngaphaya kwesikwere. Suvorov. E-Tiraspol, bayayixabisa imemori yembali yalabo abayakhela kwaye batshala isixeko. Kukho iinkcubeko zenkcubeko zesizwe: isiRashiya, isi-Ukrainian, isiArmenian, isiJamani, iManyano yeMoldova.

Phakathi kweTiraspol kunye neBendery

Phantse sonke kwisitalato. Oktobha 25, ungathatha inombolo ye-trolleybus 19 okanye inombolo ye-minibus 20 kunye nemizuzu eyi-10 ukuhamba kwisixeko sesibini esikhulu kunazo zonke seTransnistria-Bender. Le yisele ibhanki elifanelekileyo leDniester, kodwa ummandla waseTransnistria, kungekhona iMoldova (iPhabliki yaseMoldova). I-Tiraspol kummandla osentshonalanga ihlotshiswe ngoluhlu oluninzi lwezemidlalo, olubandakanya iindidi zebhola zebhola, kunye nedama lokubhukuda, iinkundla zentanethi. Ukuqhubela phambili umendo uqhubela kwiidolophu zaseBulgaria zasePalany zasendulo.

Enye inqaba yasendulo kwi-grey e-Gniester

Emaphethelweni edolophu yaseBendery kukho isikhumbuzo esivela kwixesha elide-inqaba yamandulo. Kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwiimigaqo zeTurkey Sultan Bayazet II ngo-1484, kwaye ngo-1538 uSulemim oMkhulu kakhulu wayalelwa ukuba awandise kakhulu iinqaba. I-citadel okanye inqaba yangaphakathi ivulekele kubakhenkethi, kwiplastiki ye-powder enye yeemyuziyam ezinomdla kakhulu kwi-Transnistria.

Abakhenkethi bayonwabile ukuxelela wonke umntu onomdla kwixesha elidlulileyo lommandla, malunga neziganeko kunye nobuntu abo amagama abo axhunyiwe nembali yeTiraspol kunye ne-Transnistria yonke. Ngokomzekelo, umlawuli obalaseleyo waseRashiya weMfazwe yePatritic ye-1812, uP. H. Wittgenstein wayehlala kwindawo yase Kamenka (170 km ukusuka kwikomkhulu yaseTransnistria). Ngozuko lwe-Count Tiraspol factory "Quint" iveliswe i-cognac "Wittgenstein".

Izibonelelo zeTiraspol

Abemi besi sixeko ngabantu abayi-150 000. Isithuthi sezothutho sisisiseko esilungileyo, ii-trolleybuses kunye neebhasi. Intlawulo yokuhamba iyenziwa kwiRubleki yaseTransnistrian. Yona mali yayo kwiTiraspol nakwiiRiphabhlikhi engaziwayo. Phantse zonke iimbosi, amacwecwe ngamagama esitalato aseRashiya. Iimpawu kumaziko karhulumente ziye zaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezintathu ezisemthethweni - iMoldova, isi-Ukrainian kunye nesiRashiya.

KwiTiraspol, ngaphandle kwequmrhu elivelisa iimveliso ze-brandy-brandy phantsi kwegama elithi "Quint", umbutho wekotoni "iTirotex", izityalo zokwakha izitshini kunye nezinye iifekthi zisebenza. Kwinqununu yaseTransnistri baninzi abantu abatsha, abafundi abafunda iyunivesithi, amasebe ase-Russian ephakamileyo emfundo, iikholeji. Indawo enkulu yekonsathi kunye neziko leenkcubeko yiNdlu yeRiphabhuliki. Ayikude nebala eliphambili lithandwa kwi-cinema-concert complex complex "iTiraspol".

Ingubo eluhlaza yeso sixeko yimiyezo yaseBotanical kwintsimi ye-Research Institute, ipaki yeedolophu, iindawo zokuhlala kunye nezikwere. Kwi-Boulevard Gagarin kufuphi neendawo zedolophu yaseTransnistrian State kwinto yokuhlambalaza ye-cosmonaut yokuqala. I-Park "Uloyiso" yindawo yokuphumla eyintandokazi yeTiraspol, indawo yokuzonwabisa kunye nezinye izinto zokuzonwabisa.