Ifilosofi uSocrates

Le ndoda yenye zobulumko mkhulu yonke imbali yoluntu. Intanda kaSocrates - le yinto apho aqale kwiingcinga kwabo bantu abaneminyaka ezahlukeneyo. An into umdla kukuba uSocrates ngokwakhe Akazange ashiye ngasemva imisebenzi ebhaliweyo - iingcamango zakhe zisoloko zidluliselwe kubafundi ngomlomo. Abafundi bakhe kamva kwaye zibhalwe ezi ngcinga. Kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba abaninzi baye balahleka amazwi akhe, kwaye intsingiselo nabanye siye safumana ngendlela egqwethekileyo. ifilosofi kaSocrates bahlile beza kuthi kuloo ndawo wabulela Aristotle, uPlato, noXenophon kuqala.

Indawo okhethekileyo bulumko yokucinga kuthatha uhlobo, ubomi nepheleleyo womntu, umphefumlo wakhe, abazi lutho. Ngokungafaniyo ababengaphambi kwakhe, uSocrates akachithi ixesha ukufunda ubenza umntu abe yinxalenye yehlabathi. Ukuba uSocrates wazibeka iziseko ebizwa ngokuba yi uPlato noAristotle.

Qaphela ukuba yenye wokuqala waqala ukuzibuza imeko lomntu eluntwini. Kwakhona, wanikela ingqalelo enkulu ukuba nesimilo. Efanekileyo Ifilosofi kaSocrates iqulethe uludwe lwemimiselo-siseko kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha, leyo, wayekholelwa, ukuba baphile umntu ngamnye. Phambi kwakhe, iingcali zefilosofi ngenkankulu ukubuza imibuzo enjalo. Kwakhona uSocrates ingqalelo enkulu iindlela ukungqinelana okanye ukuchasa oko inyaniso lokugweba.

ifilosofi uSocrates 'lusekelwe kwimigaqo emibini. Eyokuqala imfuneko ulwazi yena, kwaye yesibini - le yokuba isidenge kuphela bacinga ukuba wazi yonke into.

Le migaqo ikakhulu wayefudula kulwa Sophists - uSocrates kunye sophists zange sivana, iimbono zabo hlukile ezininzi. Sobulumko wabakhalimela ngamampunge msebenzi, kuba wavakalisa amabango ukuba ukwazi inyaniso. Kwakhona, le migaqo ezazisetyenziswa sobulumko ukuze ukunyanzela abantu ukuba bafune inyaniso. Ukuze nomdla umntu kwishishini lakhe, wasebenzisa isigqebelo, nto leyo ikhutshwa phandle ingqalelo luhlaza zabo.

Phantsi ngokwazi kwakhe, waqonda ekufuneni ulwazi kunye nesidima. La magama mabini basoloko kakhulu yena ezichongiweyo. Waqinisekisa ukuba ngokungazi engundoqo yabantu kubonakala kwinto yokuba ingqalelo ulwazi nesidima kuphela, bakholelwa ukuba akukho nempembelelo yokuziphatha kwabantu. Ngamanye amazwi ke, waqiqa ngelithi abantu kaninzi oku bekwenza ngenxa yolwazi kungekhona iimvakalelo. Ngokuphathelele koku siyakwazi ukubona ukuba lo bulumko yokuziphatha kaSocrates ayisekelwanga yokuziphatha, oko kukuthi, ekulweni nalwazi, engokutshintshwa kuye isidima.

filosofi kaSocrates abanezinye amacandelo ebalulekileyo. nokuqiqa ezenza ingabalelwa kuye. Apha, yonke isekelwe kwinto yokuba ekuhlalutyeni eziliqela izigwebo ngamnye okanye ngokusebenzisa ingqiqo izinto ungenza ingxabano jikelele. ingqiqo ezenza yenzelwe ukuchaza iikhonsepthi uyiveza kakuhle izinto. Kukholelwa ukuba ngasemva ukuvela concepts jikelele.

USocrates wenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso dialectics. Aristotle wathi akazange nje ziphuhlisiwe kodwa ukudalile oko. Zobulumko baye babonisa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukoyisa zonke izinto ezingangqinelaniyo ngenxa ekuyazini inyaniso. Le ngengqiqo kaSocrates - akukho nto ukukhanyela imfundiso ephikisanayo, ukuzoyisa kwaye uyeke. Kubalulekile ukuba ukongeza ukuba ingcamango ulwazi kwakunye kanye ngengqiqo ngokusondeleyo kakhulu sase neenkolelo.

Njengokuba kuchazwe ekuqaleni, uSocrates wenza igalelo elikhulu lokuqulunqa nokuphuhlisa-bulumko. Yaphela ixesha bulumko zendalo -bulumko yamandulo yamaGrike, Bulelani kuye, uphuhliso lifumene nqanaba entsha ngokupheleleyo kwale nzululwazi. Oku angaphumelela ngeengcinga zakhe kwiincwadi zakhe, uPlato noAristotle.