Augustine waseHippo: yobomi, imisebenzi ephambili kunye nefuthe lazo kuphuhliso scholasticism

Avreliy Avgustin (Makabongwe - kwi isithethe Orthodox notitshala, Ubabalo - lamaKatolika) - i-sobulumko obalaseleyo, omnye wabaseki emfundisweni yobuKristu. Wazalwa ngomnyaka 354 kwi ummi Numidia Roman entsatsheni-yobuhedeni, kodwa unina UMonica ngumKristu. Ekubeni le ntsapho kakhulu abazizityebi, Aurelius oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala wathumela ukufunda ubuciko e Carthage. Kukho umlweli ikamva le nkolo entsha eyayithandana umfazi, naye waphila iminyaka eli-13 ubude. Yena engunina yonyana wakhe - Adeodata. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa umahluko ngasemva loluntu Augustine akazange ebemzekile.

Ngoxa ukufunda ubuciko, uAugustine waseHippo waba nomdla bulumko. Wavuma Manichaeism, kodwa kungekudala ningashukunyiswa nimke kwiimfundiso Mani. banga- yokomoya iimpembelelo unina wamsa esifubeni ukholo lwamaKristu. Ukufuna umsebenzi rhetorician oselula ushiya kwiphondo Afrika uBukhosi baseRoma ngo-384, le ndawo umfundisi ubugagu e Mediolanum (ngoku Milan). Kuse- kufuphi villa Kassitsiakum sobulumko wadala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala ezibalulekileyo: "Nxamnye izifundiswa," "Ngomhla yokungafi komphefumlo", "Ngomhla Unqulo Lokwenyaniso" yaye "On Free Will". Eli nqanaba lokuqala uyilo uphawulwe yi impembelelo ye zikaPlato ingcamango wezakwalizwi.

Emva Easter 387 Augustine wabhaptizwa Mediolanum Saint Ambrose, kwaqalisa ixesha lesibini uyilo lwe umlweli lamaKristu. Wathengisa impahla yakhe, wanikela phantse yonke into amahlwempu yaye waya kusebenza nomama wakhe e-Afrika. Kodwa laseOstia, Monica wafa. Efika idolophu Tagaste, bulumko, waseka enkolweni ziimonki. Ngoko ke, yena kucingwa ngunozala komyalelo emishini of Augustinians. Kweli xesha ukuba imisebenzi abazinikele imiba yonqulo neecawa wemibhalo ( "Incwadi yeGenesis"), utoliko kwaneeleta ebhaliweyo kampostile uPawulos, ama nxamnye AmaDonatists. Ngelo xesha kwakukho wezakwalizwi ebengekazukiswa "bavume."

Eyona echumayo ngokuba ixesha lesithathu (410-430), xa nzulu elamiselwa presbyter ekuqaleni, yaye kamva Bishop waseHippo (umzi uBukhosi baseRoma kuMntla Afrika). Kwaba ngoko ukuba kwintanda-bulumko Avgustina Blazhennogo ifikelele uphuhliso yayo ephezulu. Wezakwalizwi ezifana lokujonga emva iinkolelo zabo zangaphambili, aze avavanye ngokunzulu kubo ( "Uhlaziyo"). Imibuzo of Christology (uhlobo yabantu okanye kaThixo uKristu) ziboniswa kwi imisebenzi "Kwi Emnye" kwaye nomjikelo azibhala nxamnye Pelagius. Lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo wezakwalizwi ithathwa umsebenzi «De civitate Dei» -. «City of kaThixo"

Iincwadi 22 wezakwalizwi yabasebenzi kuqala lizama ekuhlalutyeni yonke inkqubo zembali, ukuqonda intsingiselo nenjongo abantu kunye neendlela zophuhliso yayo. Ngoko Augustine ingqalelo ngunozala kwimbali bulumko. ubomi Loluntu enxulumene uBukumkani bukaThixo, njengomntu (indalo) kunye noMdali. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ukuwa uluntu kwi intlama, ezahlulwe evela kuThixo Adam,, kodwa unako ukubuya kuye ngalo ubabalo lweNkosi, - utsho eSt Augustine. Intanda yale wezakwalizwi iqwalasela ekuphuhliseni uluntu njengoko intshukumo okuqhubekayo kusukela entilini iinyembezi, leyo bagxothwa uAdam noEva, esebenzisa kwiSixeko Earth (karhulumente) ukuya Inqaba bamazulu (apho phakade uyabusa imfezeko ngokokuziphatha).

Ngenxa yoko, eSt Augustine ujonga imbali ngokwemiqathango ngexesha yomgama. Le icandelo apho kukho ubude, kuba akukho xesha ephakadeni. UThixo uyalela imbali - konke oko akunjalo, inxalenye izicwangciso kunye neenjongo uMdali. Urhulumente kule ngqiqo, izenzo ube liqonga imfuneko yophuhliso. Bulumko ezisekelwe ukufundisisa iBhayibhile ichaza namathuba ezisixhenxe kuphuhliso lwentlalo: i ezintlanu zokuqala - libali yamaYuda phambi kokuzalwa kukaKrestu. Ngubani kuthatha ixesha lesithandathu, nekufuneka izaliswe uMgwebo Wokugqibela, ze aqale njengoko kuchaziwe kaYohane ISityhilelo kweqonga wesixhenxe, xa zonke amalungisa aya kuhlala ngonaphakade Ezulwini eYerusalem. uluntu Human kuphuhliso yalo ukusuka kwimeko wempangelo ibe lobuthixo elawulwa sathanjiswa zizikhulu zeCawa. Le mfundiso ye Augustine kuye kuthathwe njengesiseko of the Roman Catholic Church in umlo investiture.