Ukuvolontiya. Yintoni na kwezopolitiko, ngezengqondo bulumko?

Ukuvolontiya. Kuthetha ntoni oku? Iguqulwe kwi ukuzikhethela igama Latin (voluntas) - luhlobo neentshukumo zezopolitiko na isifundo, olusekelwe phezu iminqweno neminqweno, indiva iingqiqo injongo yobomi yezopolitiko. Voluntaryists ingqalelo inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo ezizenzekelayo ukuba akukho ngokusekelwe kucwangciso lwemisebenzi.

Ukuvolontiya - ntoni na? Le ngqiqo okufana bezopolitiko kunye nentshukumo linear yokucinga kunye namanyathelo, ezidla ukuwafihla ngenxa, kodwa ubukhulu becala alinakuzuzwa. Esi sesona sizathu sokuba ukuzikhethela njenge mgaqo-nkqubo eziphathekayo lidlelelela indibaniselwano yepolitiki ukuhlanganiswa, kwaye ngokubanzi ungamandla etshabalalisayo.

Ntoni igama elithi "ukuzikhethela 'kwezepolitiki?

ukuzikhethela Political ivela njengeyo- yangaphandle zophuhliso lwentlalo. Kodwa ubukhulu becala ke yokuhlukana kwabantu, amaqela asekuhlaleni kunye kwezakhi yemisebenzi abezopolitiko kunye norhulumente iingcambu lokuhamba njengoko ukuzikhethela hlobo. Yintoni na le nto ukuba ibinzana kakhulu ngalo ngokweenqobo, ezisekelwe phezu yokuziphatha inkululeko yomntu? Igama elithi "ukuzikhethela" bekutshiwo kuqala ngezentlalo tennis German kwinkulungwane XIX. Kodwa ingcamango yokuziphatha voluntarist kubeka phambili ngaphambili. Kamsinya nje ezingangqinelaniyo ukwanda phakathi ngamnye kunye noluntu, nokuqonda ukuzikhethela sele iyinto exhaphakileyo kakhulu.

Igama elithi "ukuzikhethela" kwi ngezengqondo bulumko

Lo mkhwa zefilosofi kunye psychology ilwisana ekuqaleni ngabom sizathu kunye nemithetho injongo yendalo kunye noluntu. Enyanisweni, ukuzikhethela ubanga ukuzimela ngokuthanda komntu abakuso, idealizes indima ubuntu kwimbali, ukuba inichaphazela njani na ihlabathi elisingqongileyo. Ingcamango ukuhamba ingalandwa ukusuka zamaXesha Aphakathi. Kodwa umba "ukuzikhethela" kwi bengqondo wabonakala kuphela kwinkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha, ngenxa W. Wundt - German isayikholojisti, ugqirha kunye komzimba.

Ezi ndidi zilandelayo ukuzikhethela in kwengqondo:

• ukuqondwa eliqingqiweyo yesibakala sokuba Umyolelo ngokomgangatho isenzeko yahlukile phakathi kwezinye iinkqubo ngokwasengqondweni;
• echaza ukuba zonke zisekelwe phezu ukuthanda kwezinye nokomzimba ngezimanga voluntaryism - ukuba ncam iya limele amandla sokuqala, leyo kuxhomekeke kuphela kwisifundo nokuba akukho akusiyo into.

Abaxhasi ukuzikhethela

Ngokutsho bulumko German kunye psychology Wundt, izizathu ngokwasengqondweni ochazwa isenzo volitional, ingakumbi apperceptions. Sobulumko wengqondo uYakobi wayesithi ukuba ukuziphatha kwabantu onoxanduva akukho ndlela ngenxa yokuba isigqibo ngabom. wengqondo German H. Münsterberg wayecinga ukuba uza koyisa phezu kwezinye iinkqubo nasengqondweni. izimvo zakhe ziyaxhaswa yaye nezinye iisayikholojisti yaseNtshona ixesha. Abazange ayeke ukushumayela oko sizalwa ubuchule umntu ukuba akhethe injongo yabo kunye neendlela zokufikelela oku. Kulo mzekelo, ukuzikhethela isebenza kwesiphumo inyathelo, wona esemva izenzo yayisesokomoya ezikhethekileyo.