Iibhloko misindo: neempawu, eziluncedo nezingeloncedo

Xa 70s yenkulungwane afika amandla ntlekele, nto leyo ekhokelele kwimfuneko sophendlo esebenzayo yokwakha ezinye ukuba iimpawu eliphezulu usambathisa thermal. Ezi materials ukuba asindise izibonelelo amandla ezishushu.

History of indalo

Iminyaka eliqela, ochwepheshe ukusebenza nzima, iziqhamo apho baba iibhloko misindo. Bayalelwa igama yesibini - le iiseramikhi efudumeleyo, kwaye yaba nelungelo kwi 80s ekuqaleni. e Italy. Ukususela ngoko, kwaqengqeleka iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30, yaye namhlanje keramobloki wenza ngokusemthethweni kumazwe-32. iibhloko misindo wafumana isihloko ukhankanywe ngentla ngenxa yokuba baneempawu ezintle ubushushu okonga. Lusetyenziswa yezandla zabo amacandelo nokusingqongileyo, ezo exutywe nodongwe yaye iseti epheleleyo mpawu isitena oluqhelekileyo. Noko ke, xa kuthelekiswa ne isitena, lo keramobloki zinobunzima obungaphantsi babe neempawu zokwambathisa ngcono inshorensi tell ndawo amazinga okuhamba kwamanzi aphantsi.

iimpawu ezintle

iibhloko misindo banamalungelo kuthelekiswa ne izitena. Phakathi yeenzuzo kuqatshelwe isakhiwo aneentunja ukuba inika umgangatho ophezulu ekwambathiseni isandi nobushushu nokonga ubunzima ngaphantsi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le mveliso kufuneka ukuba ubungakanani enkulu, nto leyo evumela ukuba ixesha elifutshane ukugqibezela ukwakhiwa kwezindlu. Bathi eqinile, namandla eliphezulu kwaye zinika ezincinane izinga nokuqukuqela isicombululo. Nokuba 20 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo Kwazeka oko kubo umsebenzisi uhlobo 2 keramoblokov, namhlanje kukho kweshumi eziliqela. Iimveliso ezi dimensions ezahlukeneyo, fomati, injongo, ukusebenza kunye nezinye iimpawu. Uninzi iibhloko ezithandwayo aneentunja babe lokumakishela: 2,1 NF okanye 14,5 NF. Ukonyulwa ibonisa inani lamaxesha imveliso ngaphezu ngezitena mihla. zisetyenziselwa ukwakha zorhwebo kunye zokuhlala, zawo uthango, sithwele iindonga, iindonga hlulo kunye neengcingo. A isakhiwo, zakhiwe koku kutya kuya kuba nefanelekileyo ukuze microclimate ngaphakathi, ukubonelela nobushushu kakuhle nokugcina ifudumele.

The main eziluncedo

iibhloko misindo abe eziluncedo ezininzi, zinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukwakha udonga, nezinyuko apho ayehluka cm-38 ukuya ku-50. Ngoko ukusebenzisa ubushushu owongezelelweyo ngokohlobo istro noboya kwezimbiwa akuyomfuneko. Ezi eziluncedo abakwazi ndoqhayisa nasiphi na izinto zokwakha zale mihla. Nangona yokuba abathengi abaninzi ingqalelo iindleko block yodongwe aneentunja phezulu ngokwaneleyo, ukuba ungagcina imali eninzi. Oku kuqinisekiswa kukungabikho imfuneko usambathisa ubushushu, ngokunjalo izinto ukonga. Eneneni, ukuba eludongeni iibhloko misindo ukuba ubukhulu-50 cm, ukuba kuya kuba ezifudumeleyo njengoko kwalowo wenziwa ngezitena eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ubukhulu kufuneka ilingane ukuya kwiimitha ezimbini zokugqibela. iibhloko ezinkulu-aneentunja asebenzise kahle umqobo umphunga wokukhusela abangaphakathi ingxolo. Emva kokugqitywa kodonga, ufumana sele ulungele nokuyifeza ngeninako. Inkosi yalo kungeyomfuneko ukuxhobisa ikreyiti, ulungise ucwecwe okanye GCR, yokugubungela umphezulu kunye ityatyekwe okanye isetyenziswa uhombiso lodonga. Ngokwaneleyo umphezulu ogudileyo, uye adhesion eliphezulu kuyo nayiphi na into. Loo udonga ukuba nangoko magumbi okanye nesigqubuthelo udaka izitena.

izinto ezongezelelweyo

House iibhloko misindo has a lot of iingenelo. Umzekelo, akukho mfuneko ukwakha isiseko enzima ukuba isakhiwo isitena ukuze kwakhiwe yayo. Kuba ukwakhiwa ngeebhloko misindo kufuneka ukuba ukwakhiwa elula siseko. Umboleki ukulondoloza ngaphezulu kwi nqanaba units yokuhamba, njengoko inobunzima izinto ezincinane kakhulu isitena oluqhelekileyo. Kunye netheknoloji ngokubekwa neebhloko yodongwe uya kuba nako ukumelana nokuba umakhi ongenamava. ubukhulu ezikhulu kunye nokungabikho amalungu lula ngokubekwa usindise kwisisombululo. ukusetyenziswa eziphathekayo kathathu ngaphantsi kwe kwi izitena. Ngaloo ndlela, imali iya kuba kunokwenzeka kuphela yokuhamba, ukufakela kunye lesiseko, athi ke kwakhona kubekho nokuyifeza. I zodaka abafuna priming, sokulinganisa kunye nokutyetyiswa. Kwaye loo nto ngokupheleleyo egudileyo ingenamthungo umgangatho keramoblokov unako ukumelana nomsebenzi enatyabeka ngako kwi xesha lifutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

ukuba irekhodi

iibhloko ezinkulu-aneentunja yodongwe abe ipatheni umdla mgodini, ongayi kuba nako kuqwalaselwa random. Loo lungiselelo nemingxuma kwenza ukuba ukudluliselwa ubushushu elungeleleneyo, ebonelela umphunga umqobo eludongeni nokuphefumla. Ezindlwini iimveliso ezinjalo ziya kuba ekhululekile kwaye opholileyo njengoko iindonga ziya kubonelelwa umoya zendalo. Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, ukuba sihlale owomileyo, njengoko amanzi amafu ngokomphushu microventilation ngenxa. Ezinye iingenelo ukhuseleko emlilweni nobuhlobo kokusingqongileyo, kwakunye ukuxhathisa deformation.

The main lobubi

Ilishwa ezimbalwa iibhloko misindo, kodwa zikhona. Eyokuqala kwezi zenzo ubu. Noko ke, ukuba wamatye, ziya kuqhutywa ubuchwepheshe, umthwalo isasazwa ngokulinganayo phezu kwimveliso, kwaye keramobloki uya kuba nako ukumelana ezininzi ndinyanzelekile. Noko ke, njengokuba kusenziwa imiboniso, ukuba uyeka isitena olunye, kunye hit kunye into enzima, uza kugula. Yinto nje zomdongwe, ubu leyo kakhulu eliphezulu. Ngoko ke, lo iinkosi kufuneka athathe amanyathelo ngexesha iiyunithi yokufaka zokuhamba. Le nto iye Iindonga ezingcakacileyo, kwaye xa kujongwa kwicandelo emnqamlezweni, iyunithi siqulathe ezininzi zokwahlula. Ngoko ke, xa imisebenzi kubekho nokuyifeza lwangaphakathi iza kuba yimfuneko ukwenza imingxuma eludongeni izando kwi iiankile zakhe. Indlela kuphela uya kuba nako singaxhoma i radiator, kwithala okanye column igesi. Kunye izikhonkwane ezilula ezimfutshane le ngxaki ayikwazi ingasombululwa, ngoko kuya kufuneka ukuba Stock up on zokubopha elide.

Ixabiso "Porotherm" iibhloko

Ukuthengiswa ingabonwa aneentunja iibhloko Porotherm, ezo zichazwe kuluhlu olubanzi. Umzekelo, iintlobo 51 Green Line ixabisa 118 engange. isiziba kwaye senzelwe ukukwakha ethwele iindonga ezingaphandle-umaleko, ezo musa ukunika usambathisa olongezelelweyo. Kuba tubal amalunga nkqo amaziko wasebenzisa ezahlukeneyo Porotherm 51 1/2, enye iyunithi apho kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule 199 engange. Le mveliso zenza izinto ezongezelelweyo Ibhloko ifomati enkulu. Block isetyenziswa ukunxiba amalungu wamatye Porotherm 44 1/2, nto leyo ixabisa 168 engange. obune. Kufanelekile ukuba block-ifomati enkulu Porotherm 44. Kuba umthwalo-zithwele iindonga ngaphandle Indawo Porotherm yokwambathisa eyongezelelweyo iibhloko 38 ezisetyenziswayo, iindleko zeziphi na 109 engange. obune.

Ukufeza amaziko

Ukubeka iibhloko misindo lwenziwa emva ilele ngamanzi kumphezulu kumqolo wangaphambili. Le isisombululo isicelo malunga isiseko kodonga ukuya emiphethweni engaphandle. inombolo ngayinye kufuneka uqale ufakelo isitena yembombo. Care kufuneka athathwe ukuze langutela phakathi kwemiqolo ezikufutshane beentanda nkqo owayame eludongeni ilingana 125 cm. Iibhloko tye kunye nkqo elibhalwe ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka zihlolwe kusetyenziswa ilothe kunye level.