Imiqadi podstropilnye: iifomu, cross-isityalo. Podstropilnaya farm

Isiseko koyilo kwi isixhobo umthetho nophahla truss kunye podstropilnye iziqalelo. Ebizwa inkqubo uphahla yesigqubuthelo - a ngemiqadi truss kunye izixhaso. Imiqadi ukuba podstropilnye inkxaso beengxenye uphahla. Asetyenziswe ngayo izixhobo ukutyabeka kwi ibali elinye-multi-kweminwe Izakhiwo mveliso, izakhiwo zokuhlala kwi imigangatho isixhobo imbala.

iintlobo Podstropilnyh ngeebeam izixhaso

Ukuthembeka kwenkqubo nophahla ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo amandla ukuzinzisa othwala podstropilnoy isakhiwo truss. It is a iintlobo ngeentlobo imithwalo yangaphandle.

Imiqadi podstropilnye - na imveliso elinye element elinye elifumana umthwalo yangaphandle, ukusasaza kuyo yonke ubude bayo. Kulo mzekelo, ntshikilelo kakhulu kwenzeka kwi eziphelweni umqadi. Usebenza ukuba udonga iinkqubo zokuxhoma uphahla.

Podstropilnaya Farm - isakhiwo enzima zizonke, nto leyo ibandla ukusuka iintonga umntu ubeka uqhagamshele omnye komnye. Imithwalo kwenzeka kuphela kwi-ezingundoqo unxulumano kweentonga. Uyilo ezinjalo asetyenziswa kumxokelelwane zokuxhoma kunye izixhaso.

Kuxhomekeka lemveliso isakhiwo esibonakalayo podstropilnye lungohlulwa lube:

• ufakelo lwesamente.
• Steel.
• Wood.
• inkqubo ngomthi lwesamente.

Eziphathekayo nensimbi ngemiqadi izixhaso ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo mveliso kunye izakhiwo. izinto nokuqiniswa ngeplanga kwaye luqiniswe zomthi zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuba ifowuni kuphela ukuveliswa uphahla, kodwa kulwakhiwo eluphahleni kwizakhiwo zokuhlala.

Ekwakheni ezakhiwe zoshishino podstropilnymi idlulela unyawo-12, 18 ngonyawo, 24 foot-imitha-30 ithatha phakathi kweentsika. In step imitha-ezintandathu podstropilnye Truss iziqalelo umqadi kukhonza kwifama eliphakathi izinto zabo.

Ngu uhlobo kwicandelo umnqamlezo umqadi wohlulwe:

• Buxande.
• Tees.
• I-msebe.
• imiqadi Ibhokisi.

Xa kwakusakhiwa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ngamnye, obumiselwe inkqubo uphahla inkxaso, hayi rhoqo kusetyenziswa. Ngokubanzi zisetyenziswa kwisithuba isixhobo imbala.

Okuye kwabethelelwa imisebe podstropilnye eziphathekayo

iimveliso eziphathekayo zisetyenziselwa isixhobo nophahla kunye ethambekeni kancinane, kwakunye nophahla bamisa. Bona ziveliswa abasezifektri eziphathekayo apho isicelo ngoko nangoko imiqadi unyanzeliso prestressing ngentsimbi. Forms izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo:

• Iintonga luqiniswe inkangeleko ezithile.
• Wire iinyanda wire ixesha elide kakhulu.
• imicu wire, ephothiweyo.
• nokufakwa String.

Imilo ye imiqadi ahluka podstropilnye kunye imimandla parallel and non-ngaxeshanye. yokubala yabo senziwa ngokususela umthwalo, leyo umqadi truss, esekelwe phakathi dot isiqalelo podstropilnogo nomthwalo ubunzima umqadi ngokwayo, isasazwe kunye ubude bayo. Iimveliso ezenziwe ezweni imingxuma yenzelwe nokunyuka no wokuthwala, maxa wambi kusetyenziswa tabs endaweni kuyanda.

Cwangcisa kwizikhundla phakathi izakhiwo inkxaso ngemiqadi uphahla kunye izixhaso, ukuba ububanzi inyathelo kweemitha ezi-6, yaye ububanzi kwiikholam eliphakathi ufakelo --12 leemitha. Ifaka imiqadi podstropilnyh eveliswa phezu kwemiqadi eyayixhaswa ziintsika, kokuba limiselwe ukuwelda iindawo engoma. Embindini imiqadi podstropilnyh kunye iziphelo zabo zenziwe ngokukodwa kummandla ibhondi kunye nezitshixo ankile lofakelo izakhiwo eluphahleni.

Yiba icandelo I-okwe okanye T-emnqamlezweni kunye yanowo umlenze kunye nemilo trapezoid. Kwishelfu esezantsi ngakumbi kwiindawo apho Kucingelwa ufakelo imiqadi eluphahleni.

Podstropilnye kubude umqadi kwi engundoqo kukho 12 ngeenyawo-, maxa wambi kusetyenziswa imitha-18 okanye imitha-24 iimveliso. ukuphakama Central laliziimitha 1.5, kwi izibonda endle - 0.6 yeemitha. Ububanzi esisangqa ephantsi - 0.7 yeemitha. Kufuneka ube ethile kabini-tee nemilinganiselo umqadi. GOST 19425-74.

Podstropilnaya kwaqinisa truss eziphathekayo

Eziphathekayo podstropilnye truss ezisetyenziswa bamisa isixhobo nophahla. Yiba elimile trapezoid, apho amabhanti ezimbini: umzantsi - kunye nohlobo engasentla enqamlezileyo - izidanga, umsebenzi wokwakha. Okwangoku, ezingxamisekileyo uninzi bezraskosye concrete precast efama.

Ukuba sibe nako ukuwubamba yophahla izinto zenkxaso iinxalenye podstropilnyh luyenyuka. Ukufaka ikhava iipleyiti zinikwe isekela yokubeka. Ntsimbi zilapha phezulu nebhanti podstropilnoy basefama zikhabane zenziwe pre-uxinezeleko. Isetyenziswa ekuveliseni obubambekayo yemiyinge 300-500.

Njengoko ngumfuziselo girder zinikwe izinto ezinga- kwiifama podstropilnyh ukuba ulungiselela kwiikholam nokuxhasa.

imiqadi Steel podstropilnye

Iinkqubo Steel babe ubude neemitha ezili-12, iimitha-18, iimitha ezingama-24, 48 yeemitha ingenziwa elide. Ngokwemo, ukuba ziyafana nezo imiqadi kusetyenziswa. It iqulathe imimandla emibini: eliphezulu nengasezantsi. Upper uphumle phezu kwetafile obandayo kwimiba ephawulweyo yomhlathi kunye noko esibekwe iibholiti. Umqadi ibhanti esezantsi encamathele kuyo kumhlathi esebenzisa imivalo tye.

truss steel Podstropilnaya

ngaxeshanye Made kunye iibhanti eliphezulu nengasezantsi. Ubude zifane kwaye i-12 leemitha, iimitha-18, iimitha ezingama-24. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo truss kophahla, ukuphakama uyilo podstropilnoy unokuba mitha 3.13, iimitha 3.27 kunye neemitha 3,75.

Ukuphuma kwiikholam ikhutshwa phandle usebenzisa iintsika nadopornyh, phezu apho yophahla.

Okwangoku namuhla isicelo intsimbi zokwakha ukwahluka truss steel lemveliso ezilula. Umzekelo, inkqubo tubular okanye girder ngeendonga ezibhityileyo. Ngesi uyilo, ifama yavelisa, ukuncipha ukusetyenziswa lula ngentsimbi e wokwenziwa kwawo, ixesha yazo yokufaka lifinyele.

inkqubo podstropilnye Wooden

Izakhiwo ezenziwe ngokhuni eyenzelwe ukuxhasa kubo inkqubo truss, abe amandla enkulu ngokwaneleyo kunye nokumelana kwiimpembelelo ezininzi entsimbini. Bona eqinile xa ezisetyenziswa izityalo kunye iindlela eziqhelekileyo malunga lobushushu nokufuma. Kwishishini lokwakha, asetyenziswe ngayo izakhiwo apho kukho ukungaphatheki kakuhle ngenxa kwimeko intsimbi kunye eziphathekayo.

Ngokutsho okwakhayo ingqondo podstropilnye ukwahlula izinto ngohlobo lwe:

• Iintsika.
• Farms.
• Neengqameko.
• Ram.

Ukuba ubude ubude besakhiwo ukuya kwiimitha ezili-18, isetyenziswa imiqadi iinkuni podstropilnaya. Kwizakhiwo apho kwindoda makhulu ngokwaneleyo - ukuya kutsho kwiimitha 30, kubhetele ukusebenzisa iifama podstropilnyh ngamaplanga. Neengqameko kunye ngokhuni njengezinto podstropilnyh ayixhaphakanga kusetyenziswa.

Wooden msebe podstropilnaya

Kwishishini lokwakha imiqadi ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa, qhiwu kunye iibhodi. Uyilo ezinjalo zinamandla kwaye zomelele ngaphezu iimveliso eqinileyo, ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo podstropilnyh neyophahla kakhulu. Amanqaku ngamaplanga elaminethiweyo kulwakhiwo ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa isixhobo lweenkqubo zokuxhoma. Yonke imithi ngeenxa ukwazi ukumelana uxinezeleko kakhulu ngakumbi, kodwa zingaphantsi kakhulu elaminethiweyo ngokwenene ematendeni xa ugoba.

Node usifake podstropilnoy imiqadi ngomthi kunokubonwa efotweni ngezantsi.

Umnqamlezo-candelo umqadi okoxande okanye I-msebe. Ngemiqadi aphezulu namabhanti asezantsi podstropilnoy inokuba ibhanti enxuseneyo okanye gable-phezulu kunye nebhanti esezantsi oxwesileyo okanye eyaphukileyo. Ukuba ubude span kweemitha 15 adla ngokusetyenziswa I-imiqadi kunye neendonga iibhodi okanye ngamaplanga yaye ophindwe eqinisa iimbambo.

farm podstropilnaya Wooden

Izinto eziphambili ezibangela nokuveliswa izixhaso ngamaplanga ke imivalo podstropilnyh, iibhodi okanye logs. Eqwalasele izinto kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa hardware metal, amacwecwe. Kwakukho ngokubanzi ethe kwifama podstropilnye ngamaplanga. Iibhanti ezenziwe ububanzi rhoqo. Ngale ndlela yokuvelisa, xa eziphelweni kokuxhuma yangaphakathi wathwala spikes unamazinyo kunye vee ezifanayo ezimise. Iglu lisetyenziswa lonke kumphezulu welungu, ohlohliweyo iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe zokwakha.

Okuye kwabethelelwa izinto ngomthi kunye podstropilnye basefama

Podstropilnye luqiniswe izinto eyenziwe ngomthi ngenjongo yokukhulisa babo. Njengoko intsimbi nokuqiniswa esetyenzisiweyo okanye fiberglass. Wasiqinisa iindawo abalwazi ngaphakathi iinkuni usebenzisa iglu epoxy. Maxa wambi kusetyenziswa nokuqiniswa prestressing.

ukufakwa

Ifaka imiqadi podstropilnyh kunye izixhaso lwenziwa ngolu hlobo. Podstropilnye kuqiniswe izinto eziphathekayo umqadi kunye nefama ngoncedo ezithile zesinyithi olungisiweyo ofunwa ngqo iindonga ekupheleni columns. Singakwazi entabeni kubo iibholiti. Okuye kwabethelelwa ikhonkrithi okanye metal console iitafile kwimveliso podstropilnyh umsebenzi njengoko ethwele iindawo ukuzalela izakhiwo uphahla.

izixhaso Steel ziqhotyoshelwe ecaleni iikholam yesinyithi nadkolonniku ngentambo ezantsi. ukuphakama kwayo 0.7 m. nganye enye ifama iibhanti eliphezulu zibambene nayo. Izixhaso phezu theyibhile podstropilnyh ezifama kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe apha kule nemihlathi le patella.

uphahla isixhobo umqadi podstropilnye Wooden zezi zilandelayo (bona. Le ifoto).

Ukufaka neyophahla gable uphahla

Xa kukho kweendonga ezimbini umthwalo-zithwele elingaphakathi, inkqubo truss imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwimiba podstropilnye kwisakhiwo. Kulo mzekelo, ke axhomekeke kwefestile, ngenxa nezinye izinto ze iibhodi, ngokunjalo neendonga angaphakathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zakhiwo zibini podstropilnye umqadi zibekwe ecaleni kwendlu. Esebenzayo ngobuwena enjalo ukuphakama ekubhalwe ukuya kummango uphahla nge 1.4 yeemitha ukuya kwiimitha 2.5. Kulo mzekelo, phantsi kophahla, kukho isithuba ngokwaneleyo ezamahala, leyo kusetyenziswa yokugcina impahla.

Podstropilnaya umqadi, okanye ukuqinisa, unako mayixhonywe ngqo kwi imiqadi kummandla omnye kwisithathu ukuphakama ukusuka eluphahleni ukuya ephakeme. Olu khetho likuvumela ukuba ukwandisa umthamo isithuba lwangaphakathi phantsi kophahla. Umqadi, inkqubo podstropilnaya kunye nophahla apha kudlala indima iindonga lwangaphandle kunye nangesigqubuthelo sayo.

Umqadi kunye podstropilnye imiqadi kunokubonwa efotweni kweli nqaku.

Okokuqala, phezu imiqadi kakhulu podstropilnye mauerlat eDibanisa okuninzi zombini ezindongeni zendlu. Xa ngumfuziselo wendlu ngamaplanga iyasetyenziswa endaweni mauerlat eliphezulu isidumbu isithsaba. Imiqadi kugcine ngaxeshanye omnye komnye, ungenza khangela oku ngokulinganisa umgama phakathi eziphelweni kwikonw ngekona. Imiqadi ungayilali into Buze oziimitha ezili-0,5 kumakhaya lokubiyela buthelezi. Ukuba ubude ibhodi lingaphantsi koko ezifunekayo umqadi, Splice kwenziwa iintsika podstropilnyh.

Ke ngengxabano ntsontelo elibhalwe ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi Imiqadi kwiincam zombini nokungqinelanisa kuzo kwinqanaba. Kumgama oyimitha ukusuka iseti kwi umqadi podstropilnaya elandelayo. Kwakhona amanga icala webhodi. Qiniseka ukukhangela kuzo ngaphandle tye. Ngaloo ndlela zibekwa esele msebe podstropilnye yonke ubude eludongeni.

Ukulungelelanisa lunamaqoqo iiplanga ngaphaya kweendonga, 0.5 ngomgama semitha kwisiphelo ngamnye umqadi, intambo usasolulile. Kwi umqadi engundoqo osandulukwenza imakh phezu kwentambo, wabona kude iziphelo kwemfuneko. Ngaphezu koko ukuba podstropilnuyu inkqubo efakiweyo imiqadi ukuzala.

Iindwendwe ziya podstropilnym izakhiwo

Kuba nokuveliswa lwezoyilo Ferro-concrete isicelo podstropilnyh GOST 20372-2015, wangena ukusebenza nge-1 Januwari 2017. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, oko isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa enzima okanye elula eziphathekayo noshowo. Steel podstropilnye lwasefama ngokungqinelana ne GOST 27579-88. Kuye ecacisiweyo ngaplastiki kabini-tee nemilinganiselo umqadi. GOST 19425-74.