Iimpawu rheological igazi - ntoni na?

Ubucukubhede, ufunda deformation kunye flow neempawu kumanqwanqwa okuqhubeka yokwenene, omnye abameli apho - ulwelo non-Newtonian ukuba viscosity kwesakhiwo, kuphuma rheology. Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela iimpawu rheological igazi. Ntoni na, oko iya kucaca.

definition

A yoqobo non-Newtonian ulwelo - igazi. Plasma ibizwa ngokuba, ukuba akanalo uhlobo lweziqalelo. Igazi serum na plasma, uswele lwefibrinogen.

Hemorheology okanye rheology, iipateni uhlola mechanical, ngokukodwa njengoko kutshintshe fizkolloidnye iipropati kwegazi ngezantya ezahlukeneyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo isitya ebhedini le. iimpahla zazo, imeko yomsebenzi egazini, ubuchule contractile kwentliziyo limisela intshukumo igazi emzimbeni. Xa Velocity yomgama yokumpompoza incinane, amasuntswana igazi babhaca eyayingqalene ezimanyeneyo inqanawa yaye omnye komnye. Kulo mzekelo, uhlobo sekhombuya uhuhamba kunye flow kuthiwa laminar. Ngoko ke zintoni na iimpawu rheological? Kule - on.

Yintoni Reynolds Number?

Kwimeko yokwandisa uqina yomgama kunye nelidlula ixabiso elithile, eyahlukileyo zonke iimpahla, laminar flow ibe omtsha, asinxaxhanga ngokuba lesiphithiphithi. Isantya yenguqu laminar kuqukuqela nangxola ligqiba inani Reynolds for isitya igazi ekulelona malunga 1160. Ngokutsho kwamanani Reynolds sophazamiseko kunokuba kuphela kwiindawo apho iimpahla ezinkulu eyayizalwa, kwakunye kwi aorta. Kuba iinqanawa ezininzi laminar kuvunyelwane fluid.

Isantya ntshikilelo shear

Hayi nje umthamo kunye nemicwe ithombo legazi Velocity zibalulekile, abanye ebalulekileyo parameters ezimbini isenza intshukumo sitya: i uqina noxinezeleko shear. Luphawulwa ombane amandla ngokutshintsha ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo iyunithi kumphezulu nemithambo kwicala tangential kumphezulu, elinganiswa Pascals okanye dynes / cm ^2. Ireyithi uchebe ulinganiswa seconds ngokubaxwa (s-1), kwaye kuthetha ubukhulu bezinto ithambeka Velocity phakathi maleko kufana kulwelo ihamba unit umgama phakathi kwabo nganye.

Kuphantsi kweziphi iparameters iipropati zixhomekeke rheological?

Umlinganiselo uxinezeleko ukuya kwiqondo shear kugqiba viscosity igazi, ulinganiswa elenziwa zii. Xa viscosity yonke unamanzi luxhomekeke kuluhlu izinga uchebe ka 0.1-120 ^s-1. Ukuba izinga uchebe> 100 ^s-1, utshintsho viscosity ayikho ngokukhawuleza kangaka, yaye ekufikeleleni izinga uchebe ka 200 ^s-1 phantse ingatshintshanga. Ixabiso ilinganiswa ngexabiso eliphezulu shear, ebizwa asymptotic. Imiba eziphambili ezichaphazela viscosity - a izinto iseli deformability, hematocrit kunye udibaniso. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba iiseli ezibomvu igazi kuthelekiswa zegazi kunye leukocytes kokukhona baya ikakhulu isigqibo iiseli ezibomvu. Oku kuboniswa izinto zobumnini rheological igazi.

izinto viscosity

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekumiseleni viscosity - umthamo lwee- iiseli ezibomvu, umthamo wabo avareji kunye nomxholo, oku kubizwa ngokuba hematocrit. Kuyinto malunga 0.4-0.5 l / l kwaye ixhomekeke centrifugation iisampulu zegazi. A plasma - ulwelo Newtonian, lo viscosity apho kugqiba ubume iiprothini, kwaye oko kuxhomekeke lobushushu. Viscosity yeyona ibalulekileyo globulin isiphumo kunye lwefibrinogen. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba into ebaluleke ngakumbi ekhokelela utshintsho plasma viscosity - lulwahlulo iiproteni: albumin / lwefibrinogen, albumin / globulin. udibaniso Ukwanda kwenzeka xa kumiselwa yokuziphatha non-Newtonian yonke igazi, nto leyo erythrocyte udibaniso. Bokuphila erythrocyte udibaniso yinkqubo ingathityazwa. Nantso ukuba yintoni na - iimpawu rheological igazi.

Imfundo erythrocytes lokubolekwa kuxhomekeke kwizinto mechanical, hemodynamic, electrostatic, plasma kunye nabanye. Kule mihla, kukho iithiyori ezininzi ezicacisa indlela erythrocyte udibaniso. Best eyaziwa namhlanje ekuvaleni ingcamango indlela ngayo iibhulorho leeprothini krupnomolekulyarnyh, lwefibrinogen, Y-globulin ukuba adsorbed kumphezulu iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Amandla emnatheni udibaniso - umahluko phakathi amandla shear (ebangela ukuba akhe ahlazululwe), kukho umaleko erythrocytes isizathu electrostatic, leyo ebizwayo kakubi, amandla kwi kwo. Indlela onoxanduva nitrogen of macromolecules kakubi amacala iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, oko kukuthi, Y-globulin, lwefibrinogen, noko ayikho kwacaca. Sikho uluvo lokuba ezi molekyuli ngqo wabulela ndikuchithachithe imikhosi Van der Waals bezimpi, yaye imixokelelwane ezibuthathaka hydrogen.

Loo uncedo ukuvavanya iimpawu rheological igazi?

Ngesizathu esithile, kukho udibaniso iiseli ezibomvu zegazi?

Ingcaciso udibaniso zegazi kwakhona luya, ukunqongophala iiprotheni ophezulu-ezinto kufutshane erythrocytes akhawunti, kwaye ngoko uxinzelelo reaction livela, efana indalo ukuya uxinzelelo osmotic yezisombululo macromolecular, ekhokelela yokuhlangabezana amasuntswana lunqunyanyisiwe. Ukongeza, kukho imfundiso lebhokisi udibaniso iiseli ezibomvu evela imiba erythrocyte ekhokelela kunciphiso amandla zeta kunye notshintsho ukutya kunye nemilo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ngenxa ukuzalana viscosity kunye erythrocyte namandla udibaniso ukuphonononga rheology igazi ingakumbi ukuhamba nempahla yaso, kufuneka ukuba ziqhube uphando lokujongisisa olubanzi data yokusebenza. Enye yezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo kwaye efumaneka lula yokwenza umlinganiselo udibaniso - uhlolo ireyithi neentlenge erythrocyte. Noko ke, inguqulelo eqhelekileyo uvavanyo, inkcazelo encinane, kuba loo nto ithathele ingqalelo iimpawu rheological.

iindlela zemilinganiselo

Ngokutsho izifundo igazi iimpawu rheological nezinto ebachaphazelayo, sinokugqiba ukuba uvavanyo zeepropati rheological igazi kuchaphazela isimo udibaniso. Kule mihla, abaphengululi ukunikela ingqalelo engakumbi ekufundweni iimpawu microrheological yale fluid, kodwa ke ukufaneleka kunye viscometry elahlekile. zingahlukaniswa iindlela ezisisiseko iimpawu igazi yokulinganisa ibe ngamaqela amabini: intsimi yoxinezeleko uhlobo bomzi - konusploskost, setyhula, zezindlu kunye nezinye rheometers nokuba geometries ezahlukeneyo iindawo zokusebenza; Ngeentlobo endle kwaye ligxininisa kakhulu inhomogeneous - kumgaqo wobhaliso yiacoustic, umbane, intlokoma mechanical, izixhobo ezisebenza kwi Stokes indlela, viscometers capillary. Ngoko ke walinganisa iimpawu rheological igazi, plasma kunye serum.

iintlobo ezimbini viscometers

Kunayo yonke Kungoku nje iintlobo ezimbini viscometers: ejikelezayo kunye capillary. Viscometers nazo kusetyenziswa, lombhobho ngaphakathi leyo ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise kulwelo ayavavanywa. Thina bamatasa iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo rheometer ejikelezayo.

isiphelo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkqubela ebonakalayo ubugcisa rheological kusenza sikwazi nje ukufunda nemvelo komzimba igazi ukubaleka mikroregulyatsiey in pathways nokuphazamiseka hemodynamic. Noko ke, ngoku xa lo mzuzu uphuhliso iindlela ukwenzela uhlalutyo hemorheology, nto leyo iya kubonisa cala le udibaniso kunye neempawu rheological iziselo Newtonian.