Homeliness, Ulimo-gadi
Iintlobo neempawu chrysanthemums zololongo
Class calycerales bipartite Asteridy subclass inkqubo, usapho, kanti (kanti elithi), kukho subfamily ka kanti elithi, isityalo ongatshiyo okanye zonyaka - yonke ifildi. Lusetyenziswa egadini njenge ezixabisekileyo kade-izityalo, kwaye phambili srezochnyh inkcubeko, zodidi lwesibini emva rose midlalo.
Imbali "Golden Flower"
In inkcubeko Chinese - uncwadi, ukupeyinta, intyatyambo umqondiso kubalulekile. Ukuze baye basinda buza zakudala - ivazi kunye umfanekiso chrysanthemums, leyo iminyaka 2500. Ebukhosini kulinywa uhlobo embalwa chrysanthemums ngoko njengobungqina wokuzalwa kwakhe amanene.
inflorescences Golden-mthubi, ezo phantse akazange sahlukile zasendle ziye kusetyenziselwa kuphela nje zokuhombisa, kodwa nje izityalo zamachiza kunye ezityiwayo.
Ekujikelezeni bayile iintlobo ezithandwayo chrysanthemums eluhlaza, imifanekiso apho zimelwe apha.
Nge ifildi Chinese sokuwubopha ezininzi imifanekiso. Yellow - kufanekisela ntsako kuphole. Ifildi e iqabaka - nemithi, waziphakamisa yedwa. China ligqibe ukunika iiholide imizobo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo chrysanthemums njengophawu ubutyebi kunye nobuninzi iminqweno.
Ngowe VII ngo ifildi ndafika eJapan, apho waba isimboli karhulumente ongekho mthethweni. "Kiku" - ilanga, ngoko ke yaseJapan alibiza. zalo Acute, esoloko kulo mfanekiso 16, bamele imitha yelanga, anika ubomi. Kiku - ingumqondiso amandla kaThixo, ubude kunye nolonwabo, uphawu wemfezeko.
Kwinkulungwane XVIII ifildi ufumana abalandeli yayo eYurophu eMelika.
UKarl Linney, umseki inkqubo yokuhlela kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, unikezele igama intyatyambo ifildi, Oko usho Greek "intyatyambo yegolide."
Igama lodidi kunye ifildi iintlobo iminyaka elide yomsebenzi yokuzalela ziye zanda kakhulu.
Kangangexesha elide, abalimi belikhetha iintlobo ezininzi iintyatyambo. Ngoku ngakumbi nangakumbi ikhule hybrid Korean okanye egadini ifildi.
inkcazelo ifildi ebaliweyo
Rhizomes ukuba branched, eqinileyo, sise kubunzulu be-25 cm na Bakha stolons ngokufihlakeleyo -. Amahlumelo icala evuthelweyo, ezo nokuphuhlisa elifutshane iziqu kunye amagqabi. Namagatya akhe, ngokufuthi branched, kubude cm-25 ukuya 150. Ezi amagqabi dissected, agudileyo okanye inoboya.
iintyatyambo Ligulate ezingobozini ukujonga imilo kulithatha. Inkcazelo kunye neentlobo chrysanthemums thaca kwi-International Classification of the Dresden Institute of Horticulture. Yahlulwe kumaqela-2 - alula kunye terry. Amaqela zahlulwe ethubeni kwiiklasi. Group of chrysanthemums ezilula luquka iiklasi 3 - nemahrovye, kabini kunye anemone. Ngu terry hang kruthu, iflethi, hemispherical, ungqukuva, olugobileyo lokuvala, pompons, paukovidnye.
Zonke iintlobo mihla zihlukaniswe:
large-- xa kususwa ithupha icala okwazi zokubumba yokudubula sangqa cm-1 ukuya kwi-30;
buketnye (branched) - abe imilo iingobozi ityholo elikhulu (10-20 cm);
yesikhumbuzo;
zokuhombisa - usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubumba, ukufikelela buketnye okanye ezinkulu-ifomu.
Chrysanthemums zixhomekeke ubude bemini. emini Long kunceda ukwakha ubunzima kwezityalo zezityalo, elifutshane - Iiyure ezi-14, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza yokudubula. Silnochuvstvitelnye kunye srednechuvstvitelnye ukuya owehlayo iintlobo-ntlobo imini ezilinywa zokugcina. iintlobo cala zilufanele ekhanyayo.
Ixesha iintlobo kweentyatyambo ahluka:
ekuqaleni - okwentyatyambo ukususela ngo-Agasti ukuya ku-Oktobha;
srednepozdnie - ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya kuNovemba;
kamva - ngoNovemba noDisemba.
Kweentyatyambo ngendlela ekhanyayo kudlulela kuneqabaka ezininzi.
iintlobo ezithembisayo
Begadi eyaziwa 2 amaqela chrysanthemums - Indian kunye Korean. Chrysanthemums (uhlobo na ukumelana ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu ebandayo kwaye alungele bekhula an emhlabeni engakhuselekanga) akoyiki kuneqabaka ukukhanya.
Inkcazelo kunye neentlobo chrysanthemums, wathembisa ukuba ukukhula kwimozulu epholileyo, kuyabonakala ngezantsi:
Aissa - uhlobo kweentyatyambo kwangoko, nemahrovy. Iintyatyambo luthuthu salmon umbala, 5 cm ubukhulu.
lights kusihlwa - uhlobo ukunqanda. Le inflorescences kuba utshintsho ngombala obomvu isityebi tyheli emiphethweni kweli ziko.
Koreyanochka - esezansi kakhulu ukusuka ngoJulayi ukuya iingobozi emva kwexesha ukukhanya orange Septemba.
Malchish-Kibalchish - neentyantyambo eqaqambileyo nemfusa obekwe kwi transliterated compact, ityholo ukulenza. kweentyatyambo Early.
Neametiste - itshintsha umbala ebomvana-ezimthubi ngoJulayi xa kukho ubaxo pink ngo-Oktobha.
Svetozar - Milky Way-ezimhlophe iintyatyambo, terry. Middle-grade.
Hen oluthe chokochoko - on bush columnar ezininzi iintyatyambo ezimnyama--orenji ezinamagqabi tyheli mbini, 4 cm ubukhulu.
Inqaba - grade nokunqanda. It esezansi kakhulu de yeqabaka iingobozi yellow mnyama.
Ampelnye grade chrysanthemums Morifolium Cascade inikezela ezincinane, ezifana imipha kunye neentyatyambo.
Alec Bedser - iyalinywa kwibala nendawo. Bloom ngoSeptemba flower enye bulubhelu cream-bala, enobubanzi-14 cm.
Ifildi wamisela imifuno - isityalo ngonyaka. Isetyenziswa kwi ukutya njengomthombo weevithamini, iiminerali, kunye nezinto eziphilayo esebenzayo. Ifildi sithsaba abe livumba ubuncwane kunye incasa okubabayo. Xa ukudla ubunzima eluhlaza kwezityalo. Ngokutsho umxholo zakhiwo antioxidant ifaniswa ingcambu ye ginseng. Ifildi morifolium (iintlobo, iintlobo kwaqanjwa) zikhuliswa kwi zokugcina.
Ngenxa kukhetho kuye iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwi imilo kunye umbala inflorescences, ngomhla ixesha kunye nexesha kweentyatyambo.
Iimfuneko iimeko ezikhulayo
Ifildi, iintlobo-ntlobo kuyo zikhetha aqhamileyo kakuhle umgquba okanye mullein owomileyo kumhlaba asidi nje kancinane. Ungenako ukubathwala zokuxinana kwamanzi. On wamatye ngokugqithiseleyo aqhamileyo eli ezandayo amalungu kwezityalo, lokudubula kweentyatyambo kuguga. It ukhula kakuhle kwiimandlalo eziphakamileyo, abasa kwindawo efudumeleyo.
izinto Sityala ngohlobo izithole kusekelwe ityalwe emhlabeni ekupheleni kuneqabaka - ngoMeyi noJuni. Ingcambu njengomqala ibekwa kumgangatho osezantsi. Zokutyala imisebenzi ngokukhetha amaxesha ezipholileyo zosuku okanye ngeentsuku lisibekele. Etyelwe nje ikhusi ifildi ukusuka ngumthunzi elangeni. Ngosuku lokuqala ukususa ingongoma likhula - ukwenza pinched yokuqala. nipping Okulandelayo kwiiveki-2 - elithe qwele inxalenye engentla ihlumelo.
Chrysanthemums okwentyatyambo ngaphambili ukuba ukwenza kubo ukufiphala ukusuka kweeyure eziyi-18 ukuya kwi-8 kusasa. Iphuphume amanzi kwimozulu eyomileyo kwaye ngexesha nokukhula shoot.
ukunakekela
kwiminyaka 2-3 ayikwazi ukuba ikhule kwi zendawo efanayo zonke iintlobo chrysanthemums. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba wanyamekela zeendawana kufuneka ngokucokisekileyo. Xa umhlaba lifinyele unikezelo kwezondlo kunye ingozi yosulelo ibonakala. Ngenyanga yokuqala i ukuyilwa olunzulu etyholweni - isityalo kufuna ziba lomhlaba. Phambi kokufika kwetyholo yokuqala ithupha ubunamanzi ka-3 ngeveki. Mulching ikhusela ifildi nxamnye izinambuzane nezifo ezinzwaneni. Ukusetyenziswa ngeenaliti kufuma nompleyini kunye nentlaka imibengo okanye ingca.
Kufuneka wenze ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngokondla 3 - phambi kokuba amagqabi ekuqaleni yavelisa amagqabi kunye nexesha kweentyatyambo uhlaza.
Ukuze ufumane i ityholo oluchumileyo yathenwa iziqu. Pinched lwenziwa ngenyanga kaJuni. Xa izityalo ngeentyatyambo ezinkulu amahlumelo icala asuswe, ngokubonelela yokukhula. Ezweni elibanzi-ukushiya amadiza 1 okanye 2.
ubusika
Ezinye iintlobo ngeentlobo ifildi Korean ukunyamezeleka kakuhle ebusika emhlabeni evulekileyo kwiindawo ezomileyo. Sasebusika kumhlaba omanzi kuphazamisa bunjengentyantyambo. Chrysanthemums ukwenza phezulu okanye ezantsi, ingcambu nokuthenwa kunye hilling. Ke ukufuya amasebe nespruce. It zinokugutyungelwa iibhokisi ngomthi neengubo ubudala, ukuba azisongele phezulu phezulu. Xa kuqala intlakohlaza ukususa omdala iziqu namahlumela. Amahlumelo icala komhlaba baya kunika ubomi obutsha kwenye imbali.
Large-thermophilic ifildi ubusika kwigumbi eqaqambileyo kunye lobushushu 5-7 ° C. Iibhokisi babekwa zizityalo eliphezulu cut. Nokufika lwegciwane ubunamanzi ngokulinganisela.
buphindwe
Iimbewu bahlwayelweyo kuwo umhlaba ofumileyo ekupheleni ebusika. Afefe phantsi akuyomfuneko - imbewu isiqhuma ekukhanyeni. Amahlumelo ezifunyenweyo zafakwa ngeembiza, umhlaba utyalwe ngoMeyi, ukuya emithonjeni.
Xa ningazicenti namatyholo imihlanganisela zesibeleko ekhethiweyo. Autumn usike ningazicenti isiqu zityalwa ngeebhokisi kwaye zigcinwe kwindawo yokuqala ubushushu iintsuku ezili-10, yamanzi ngcathu. Emva koko wabeka kwigumbi epholileyo. Spring evela iingcambu kubonakala inzala apical, apho thabatha ningazicenti andise. Ukuze ufumane ningazicenti mnogostebelny ityholwana aqalile uvune ukususela ngoMatshi ukuya kutsho ngoAprili. Ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuJuni, ngekawusi izinto ezikhulayo izityalo ezinkulu-odnostebelnyh.
Ngexesha phindo ngokwahlula ityholo dig emthonjeni, zezikhali iziqwenga, etyelwe kwindawo entsha. Ukongeza, intsholongwane nganye iingcambu zawo. Kucetyiswa ukuba zahlule ehlathini ndize ndibatyale zonke iminyaka emi-3. Oku kunempembelelo entle kweentyatyambo.
Izinambuzane nezifo
umhlwa White ibangelwa sisidleleli Puccinia horiana, nto leyo kuxhomekeke yedwa. On amagqabi kuvela amatshatshazi amhlophe, ngoko leyo zijika zibe mdaka. amagqabi abagulayo kwabawayo. Tyala liyayeka ukuba utyatyambe.
Ifuthe fungi anamorphic ebangela indawo amagqabi kunye esiqwini.
Amathupha, inflorescences ezichatshazelwe Alternaria.
California intothoviyane, iintwala hothouse, amangolwane spider kakubi chrysanthemums kwindawo zokugcina kunye neemeko ekhanyayo.
Cucumber virus mosaic sisasazwa andise kwezityalo. Ihamba kunye namabala eluhlaza ukukhanya kufa kwaye ziyawa. Ukuphuhlisa deformation kunye nezityalo ezincinanana.
Ukuphelisa izinambuzane kunye fungi usebenzisa njengezibulali kunye izinambuzane ngokuthi wokutshiza.
Root-lokumisa nematode - lusisinambuzane esiyingozi. Ukulwa kudla ingakhokeleli kwimpumelelo. begadi abanamava Sicebisa umba up amatyholo eyosulelekileyo kwaye zivutha.
Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa amayeza intsomi ukulawula izinambuzane. Ukuba intwala akukho Yaphathana amanani amakhulu, amatyholo zohlanjwa ngamanzi anesepha.
Good japan extractor KFile unika 50 g nakhandiweyo KFile 1 nendebe yamanzi obuphalazelwe. Emva kwemizuzu engama-30, icebo lokucoca kwaye dibanisa 800 ml yamanzi. 1.5 iikomityi sisicatshulwa exutywe-emele yamanzi elaphalalayo amatyholo.
Ukususela izinambuzane nezifo ayisuseki ngaphandle amanyathelo othintelo:
Kuyimfuneko ukwenza indawo ekwindla ukumba nzulu - Imibungu ubusika kwaye pupae bayabulawa.
Ukhula kutshabalalisa ecaleni iintyatyambo kunye zokugcina, kodwa kuyo yonke isayithi kuphela.
Iintsholongwane zonke izixhobo zegadi kunye nokwakhiwa abamba.
Zonke amagqabi uwe kwamatyholo kufuneka kunokutshiseka.
ifildi potted
Kuba ukukhula abaqhelekileyo kwi khaya okanye iintyatyambo balcony akukho mfuneko kakhulu ilanga. Iqondo elilelona ku-15 ° C. Types potted chrysanthemums zikhule kakuhle kwi umgquba kunye iasidi eliphantsi. Ukubunjwa emhlabeni potting kuquka Turf kunye nomgquba lomhlaba, umgquba elinyukayo-20% isanti.
Inkqubo zokulinywa:
kwiiveki 2-3 phantsi ukukhanya kosuku olude t-20 ° C;
xa siguquka mfutshane iiyure 12 t uvikivwa ku 18-20 ° C, lokudubula kweentyatyambo iqala.
amanzi kakuhle kwaye spray. Ukukhulisa iintyatyambo ifuna esinye ezityeni ezinkulu. Naziphi na iintlobo chrysanthemums zikhuliswa njenge lokulala. Iintlobo kulinywe endlwini ka chrysanthemums ngeembiza Kulungile sredneroslye - ukuya kwi-50 cm, zokuhombisa kunye melkotsvetnye.
Ukukhula zokugcina
Okhule zokugcina ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
ningazicenti ukusuka ekuqaleni ubushushu idluliselwa kwiibhokisi etyalwe ekhanyayo. Ekupheleni izityalo eneentyatyambo zityalwa ezimbizeni. Emva koko wathunyelwa abamba ukuze kweentyatyambo ngakumbi.
ningazicenti nendele ingatyalwa ezimbizeni. Xa ukuhluma iimbiza ityholo kufuna umthamo omkhulu. Imithana Etyelwe zokugcina nangoko, ngokudlula ekhanyayo.
nokukhawulezisa ukukhula ngokusekelwe ukhetho ntlobo, kwaye athathe ingqalelo iimpawu yebhayoloji yolo hlobo lwentlanzi. Ngexesha lokukhula kwezityalo emini kufuneka ibe ziiyure ezingama-14, t 18-20 °. Xa ukuyilwa amathupha imini ngu- iiyure 10 ubushushu ithotywe °-10.
Ekubeni obu bugcisa nga okwentyatyambo kwiminyaka 2-3. Ukuze ufumane imveliso intyantyambo ngexesha isakhelo ezinqwenelekayo olukhulayo zonke iintlobo chrysanthemums ezifunekayo greenhouse kakuhle ngokwaneleyo, apho imozulu kulawulwa, ukufiphala okanye amatyholo elektrodosvechivanie kwinqanaba ukufuma efunekayo.
imibala ezahlukeneyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo chrysanthemums yomyezo neziwela kwi phezulu photo.
E Southern California, kwiminyaka engama-30 zabalimi benkulungwane XX kwiindawo zoshishino wazama ukuba balime izityalo hydroponic kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo chrysanthemums. Nokuphucula indlela enjalo kuye kwaba yimpumelelo.
Isanti igrabile isetyenziswa njenge substrates hydroponic.
Inzuzo phezu indlela yemveli hydroponic kukuba iintyatyambo uya kuvelisa amahlumelo bomelele, amagqabi kunye inflorescences eliqaqambileyo ngokobutyebi ezinemibala, kwasekwa inkqubo ingcambu enamandla.
Chrysanthemums, ngenxa yayo kwezonyango, lo gama esezansi obuninzi eziyingenelo impilo yabantu. Zonke iintlobo kunye neentlobo - umyezo, greenhouse, ehlathini kunye odnosteblevye - dala ngeenxa zonke kuye a microclimate kakuhle. Yabela bactericides kunye oyile ezibalulekileyo, ezizalisa umoya incasa ekrakra.
Kudala kwaziwa elapha wentyatyambo. Amagqabi ziqulethe izixa aphezulu Izakha - K, MG, Zn, Se, kuyimfuneko ukuba ubomi babantu. E China, bakholelwa ukuba iintyatyambo ifildi, ukwenziwa kunye iti eluhlaza, ukunyusa incasa yawo ukuhlaziyeka amayeza.
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