IKomiti: Uhlalutyo igazi, ukucazulula, umyinge kunye nexabiso. Izinga eqhelekileyo iiseli ezibomvu (iKomiti) egazini

Ukubona izifo efihlakeleyo kwizigulana, oogqirha amisele iimvavanyo zegazi, iziphumo ezo kugwetywa ubukho ezingaqhelekanga xa umsebenzi kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo. Ngesi phando Dynamics unyango yolawulo. Uhlalutyo zahlola iiseli zegazi, ezinye iiseli ezibomvu. -Izinga iKomiti kufuneka ugqibe imeko eziphilayo. ukwanda okanye ukuncipha njenge umqondiso izifo kunokwenzeka.

Inkcazo "erythrocyte"

iseli ebomvu egazini (iKomiti), okanye erythrocytes, iiseli ezibomvu igazi diski-ezifana imilo biconcave kwaye uphakathi kweqela ezona zininzi weeseli zegazi. Netoti iseli legazi elibomvu uba ubukhulu ukusuka microns 7.0 ukuya 8.0, imilinganiselo ngaphantsi kwe microns 5,89, 9.13 microns kunye kunezi ingqalelo anisocytosis nokomzimba. Esi sakhiwo nkulu iiseli ezibomvu igazi kuwanelisa molecule oksijini carbon dioxide egazini.

Izakhi ebalulekileyo iiseli ezibomvu igazi haemoglobin sakhi, apho ukukhanya ukuze ioksijini ndibopha yaye ukukhululwa lwesi sakhi zomzimba kunye namaziko.

iimolekyuli lipid koko aqoqiwe zothutho ioksijini Exchange lwenziwa ukusebenza kwi-plasma yegazi, ukutshintshwa zeentsalela acid acid kunye nezinto eziphilayo, elawulwa acid-isiseko kunye ion kuvuselele ngegazi, nika umzimba wotshintshiselwano amanzi amtyuba. Senza immune yi ukufunxeka nokonakaliswa izinto eziyityhefu, inkqubo coagulation ezilawulwa ngenxa ukuyilwa iimolekyuli thromboplastin.

nomongo Red na indawo ukuyilwa iiseli ezibomvu, apho kukho uhlaziyo rhoqo ezi seli, kodwa inani labo njengoko Izinga ezicela uhlala rhoqo. Ixesha kwiiseli zayingqombela kweenyanga ngaphantsi kwe-4.

Yintoni iKomiti-analysis?

Ukuze ubone kwisiqulatho erythrocytes, ingqondo yabo ngee-1 milliliter cc, okanye ilitha 1. IKomiti-kuqhutywa analysis igazi. Ziqonde le salathisi inika ulwazi kwindawo engatshintshiyo nempilo likuvumela ukuba ukuchonga izifo ezithile ebantwini. Inqanaba le iiseli ezibomvu yomuntu ephile kuyahlukahlukana ngaphakathi uluhlu emxinwa kwaye kuxhomekeke kubudala kunye ngesondo.

Iyunithi yomlinganiselo ka ezicela kuhlalutyo igazi usebenzisa 10 ¹² / ilitha.

Indlela ukuba iimvavanyo igazi ezicela

Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezithembekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi imithetho yonikezelo wegazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezikliniki ngegazi oluqhutywa kusasa, ungatyanga. Ayikhuthazwa tu ukutya ukutya okanye iziselo, ngaphandle kwamanzi yesiqhelo acocekileyo. Kufuneka uyeke ukutshaya kunye nokusela utywala.

Ngemicimbi yekharityhulam kumaziko enobucukubhede bendawo elungiswe kuyo umsesane ngomnwe sesandla sakhe sasekunene, incam yayo iphathwa ngotywala nomqhaphu. Ngomnwe punctured isixhobo naluviko, ngoko ke igazi buthathwa tube uvavanyo. Finger igunya cotton utywala uboya cauterize inxeba.

Ekubeni igazi iKomiti-analysis zibandakanyiwe indlela jikelele iimvavanyo zegazi, wayeqhuba ilebhu ngaphakathi ngenye imini zokusebenza. Ukusebenzisa egumbini ezibhekise analyzers, ingcali uqhuba ubala inani erythrocytes.

Blood iKomiti-analysis: yombhalo

Emva ubala inani erythrocytes njenge iziphumo beyaleza kudluliselwa gqirha. Ukuvavanya imeko ephilayo, intetho ulwazi wanikela ngegazi ezicela-analysis. Abawacazululayo parameters zayo kufuneka imisele inani iiseli ezibomvu, kwakunye kwinkcazelo izikhombisi ht (hematocrit) kunye HB (haemoglobin yoxinaniso). Le ubudlelwane usebenza kuphela kwiiseli igazi esempilweni kunye nesakhiwo echanekileyo ifomu. Ukwazi icandelo ezicela, ungenza imiselwe ifomula HB = 3 x ezicela haemoglobin yoxinaniso, kwaye ngoko ke hematocrit (ht = 3 x HB). Hematocrit ibonisa umthamo ratio iiseli erythrocyte ukuya iyonke umthamo wegazi, isalathiso ephantsi ubonisa igazi layo, emzimbeni igazi aphezulu uthetha.

Uhlalutyo iKomiti-igazi kunokuba ziyalahlekisa xa uyibambile ngexesha sexesheni okanye epistaxis, xa unyango lwamachiza umchamo. Ezi mpawu kufuneka iqwalaselwe xa siqhuba uphando.

isiqulatho legazi elibomvu Eqhelekileyo

Siphawula kwakhona kwelo nqanaba, akukho kubaluleke ngaphantsi igazi ezicela-Uhlalutyo - kokuhlaziya. UNorma umxholo weseli ezibomvu ixhomekeke isini kunye nobudala. Xa abantu, inani leseli ilitha 1 erythrocytic ngaphezulu kancinane (4.5 ukuya 5.5 × 10 ¹²⁾ ngaphandle iimazi (4.0 ukuya 5.0 × 10 ^12). Le indices ezicela eqhelekileyo. Le umahluko uphuhliso olumandla kakhulu mass kwezihlunu abantu.

Xa ezisanda kuzalwa, iKomiti isalathiso iphezulu (4.2 ukuya 7.5 x 10 ^12), ebonisa ukuba umxholo aphezulu iiseli ezibomvu, leyo ukuqinisekisa unikezelo eqhelekileyo iiseli zomzimba le mpilo. Kwisithuba senyanga inani iiseli ezibomvu igazi lifinyele (ukusuka 3.7 ukuya 5.7 × 10 ¹²⁾ ngenxa ukuthotywa kwabo, kukho indawo ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuthi iiseli ezintsha erythrocytic.

Xa abantwana phantsi iinyanga ezi-6 ezicela index ku ezahlukene 3.6 ukuya 4.9 × 10 ¹² neenyanga ezili-12 ubudala ezicela Ukwabiwa - ukususela 3.7 ukuya 4.9 × 10 ¹² ilitha nganye. Iminyaka nyaka-1 ukuya ku-12 erythrocyte ubudala - 3,6-4,6 × 10 ¹² ilitha nganye.

Pregnant ngokuyimfuneko unika igazi ezicela-analysis, ukucazulula yayo ikhutshwa phandle kuthathelwa ingqalelo imigaqo-akhawunti eziya kwahluka kwabo abafazi non-abakhulelweyo - kwaye ukusukela 3.0 ukuya 3.5 x ¹⁰ Disemba. umxholo phantsi iiseli erythrocytic ngenxa yobukho ulwelo kwemfuneko ancedisana, leyo dilutes igazi, iyenza ulwelo ngakumbi. Esinye isizathu isiqulatho aphantsi kwalo, apho ikhona phantse kubo bonke abasetyhini abakhulelweyo.

amazinga Enkulu ezicela

imigangatho ephakamileyo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini kuthiwa erythrocytosis. Ukwahlula polycythemia ngokwenene isalamane. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukwanda kwenani iiseli erythrocytic lufezeke ngeendleko imveliso yabo ithambo, urhulumente yesibini kwenzeka xa anquma igazi ukunciphisa umthamo wayo.

imigangatho ephakamileyo iiseli ezibomvu ukuba izizathu nokomzimba kunye zophendlo lwezifo.

ezibangela bokuphila ukwandisa amanqanaba ezicela

Kukho iimeko kunokwandisa inani iiseli zendalo ebomvu 0.5 x 10 ⁹ ngosuku, nto leyo isifo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iKomiti kuvavanyo igazi angandiswa:

• phantsi kweempembelelo ntshikilelo, overstrain engqondweni;
• ngethuba ukuhlala elandisiweyo ezintabeni apho umoya ayikho oksijini yaneleyo;
• nokonyuka uqeqesho ngokomzimba;
• kwi nokunqongophala ulwelo emzimbeni.

Kubulawe yezi zinto kukhokelela recovery chu uyondelelwano lwee- egazi, kwaye obomvu akukho uphawu ukungalingani emzimbeni. Abemi nduli kunye ebuntwaneni ukuvelisa iiseli egazi abomvu ukuze kubuyekezelwe oksijini ukuswela eziphilayo. Zonke ezi mpawu kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa ugqirha yokutolika hlaziya.

Ezimbi apho kumanqanaba ka ezicela

Ukongeza izinto zendalo, kukho iqela iimeko zophendlo lwezifo zabaxwa apho kwinqanaba wokusiza. imigangatho ephakamileyo iiseli ezibomvu waphawula ngexesha ekufumaneni womchamo okanye glucocorticosteroids, kuba ilahleko yamanzi enkulu ezinxulumene ukutsha olubanzi, rhoqo omninzi ulwelo, noyibulala nomonde. Zonke ezi meko yenza ukuba igazi zamafu.

Ezinkulu amanani erythrocytes okanye erythrocytosis, ibonisa kwezifo ezifana:

• isifo sezintso, apho erythropoietin hormone evela izixa kakhulu;
• polycythemia ngenkqubo ithumba egazini, nto leyo lu dityanisiwe ngokugqithiseleyo iseli proliferation kwi umongo;
• emveliso agqithisileyo hormone le neuron adrenal e Cushing engqondweni;
• leukemia ezingapheliyo Vakeza;
• Oxygen ukuhluleka izifo ezingapheliyo le bronchi kunye nemiphunga (bronchitis obstructive, emphysema, isifuba inyumoniya);
• bekhubazekile kwaye ezifunyenwe kwemisipha intliziyo igazi ukuphazamiseka komzimba;
• lwegazi pulmonary i ukungaphumeleli ngasekunene isisu;
• luphele nge insufficiency yemiphunga, kunye namazinga aphezulu koxinzelelo yegazi;
• Yamafutha of kwemithambo sezintso;
• inyama polycystic sezintso.

erythrocyte Ukuncipha

Erythropenia abonakala ngokuwisa igazi ezicela-analysis. Ziqonde iziphumo ziya kuba kubonisa yamanqanaba asezantsi olwazi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi iiseli zegazi. Le meko wazibona kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwegazi. degree yayo eyahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwifom:

Ayoni anemia kunokwenzeka kwi hemorrhages rhoqo ezincinane, kunjalo isibonisi ezicela inokuba eqhelekileyo okanye kancinane asezantsi kakhulu (3.0 ukuya 3.6 × 10 ¹² ilitha nganye).

Anaemia kubangelwa kukungabi vitamin B _12, aplastic, ifom hemolytic, etsolo ilahleko igazi - zonke ezi States linophawu ezinomthamo esezantsi iiseli ezibomvu egazini. IKomiti amanani ukusuka 1.0 ukuya 1.6 × 10 ¹² ilitha 1 zithathwa ezibalulekileyo kwaye ifuna ungenelelo yezonyango engxamisekileyo.

Nciphisa inani leeseli ezibomvu eziqwalaselweyo amanxeba sisilonda le inwebu imazi ibonakalisa kwi duodenum kunye nesisu, amatye wezintso kwaye isinyi, glomerular nephritis kidney, ukwanda lwee- iimolekyuli iiprothini egazini, plasmacytoma nolahlo ngokubanzi, ulwelo kwemfuneko ancedisana amalungu.

Xa ethwele umntwana emzimbeni lomfazi kwandisa umthamo wegazi ukuba ajikeleze ngazo iimpahla, nayo leyo kunciphisa izinga wokusiza.