Indawo yokubunjwa kwama-erythrocyte. Ulwakhiwo lwe-erythrocytes

Kwiimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, xa senza uvavanyo oluthile, oogqirha bahlala becetyiswa ngamandla ukuba sithathe uvavanyo lwegazi. Ikwazisa kakhulu kwaye ivumela ukuba sihlole iimpawu zokukhusela zomzimba wethu ngesifo esithile. Kukho izikhombisi ezininzi kuyo, enye yazo ingumlinganiselo weeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Uninzi lwawe mhlawumbi ungazange ucinge ngalo. Kodwa ngelize. Emva koko, yonke into icatshulwa ngokwemvelo kwiinkcukacha zokugqibela. Kwakhona kunjalo kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Makhe sijonge kule nkcukacha ngokubanzi.

Ziziphi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi?

Iiseli zegazi, i-erythrocytes, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu. Umsebenzi wabo oyintloko kukubonelela nge-oxygen, ephuma ekuphefumla kuzo zonke izicubu kunye namalungu omzimba wethu. I- carbon dioxide eyenziwa kule meko kufuneka isuswe ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni, kwaye apha i-cell cell ebomvu ngumncedisi omkhulu. Ngendlela, la maseli egazi ayacebisa umzimba wethu kunye nezondlo. Ukubunjwa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kubandakanya i-pigment ebomvu eyaziwayo kuwo wonke umntu phantsi kwegama elithi hemoglobin. Nguye okwazi ukubopha i-oksijeni kwimiphunga ngenxa yeyona ndlela elula kakhulu, kunye nakumathishu - ukukhulula. Kakade, njengawo nawuphi na umqondiso kumzimba womntu, inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi linciphisa okanye landa. Kwaye kukho izizathu zezi:

• Ukwandiswa kwenani lamaseli egazini egazini kubonisa ukukhulelwa kwamanzi omzimba okanye i-leyemia (iserythremia) engapheliyo;
• Ukunciphisa kwesi sibonakaliso kuya kuthetha nge-anemia (oku akusiyo isifo, kodwa isimo esinjalo segazi singenza inxaxheba ekuphuhliseni inani elikhulu lezinye izifo);
• Ngendlela, ngokugqithiseleyo, iiselom zegazi ezibomvu zivame ukufunyanwa kwimvini yezigulane ezikhalaza iingxaki kwi-urinary system (i-bladder, izinso, njl.).

Inyaniso enomdla kakhulu: ubukhulu be-erythrocyte maxa wambi bunokuhlukahluka kakhulu, ngenxa ye-elasticity yale seli. Umzekelo, ububanzi be-capillary, apho i-cell ebomvu ye-8 μm idlulayo, kuphela 2-3 μm.

Imisebenzi yamaseli obomvu

Kubonakala ngathi kunokuba luncedo ukwenza inqununu yegazi ebomvu kumzimba omzimba onjalo. Kodwa ubukhulu be-erythrocyte abukhathazi apha. Kubalulekile ukuba la maseli enze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo:

• Khusela umzimba kwi-toxins: ubophe ukuze ulandele kamva. Oku kubangelwa ubukho beeprotheni kwiindawo ze-erythrocytes.
• Dlulisa i-enzymes, ebizwa kwiincwadi zonyango ezithile eziphathekayo zeprotheni, kwiiseli kunye nezicubu.
• Ngenxa yabo umntu uphefumlela. Oku kubangelwa umxholo kwi-erythrocyte ye-hemoglobin (iyakwazi ukunamathela nokunika i-oxygen, kunye ne-carbon dioxide).
• I-Erythrocytes inondla umzimba ngokunyuka kwama-amino acids, apho bahamba ngokukhawuleza kwi-digestive tract ukuya kwiiseli kunye nezicubu.

Indawo yokubunjwa kwama-erythrocyte

Kubalulekile ukwazi apho iifom zegazi ezibomvu zenza khona, ukuze xa kunengxaki zexinzelelo zabo egazini ukulawula ngexesha lokuthatha isenzo. Yona inkqubo yokuyidala iyinkimbinkimbi. Indawo yokubunjwa kwe-erythrocytes ngumongo wethambo, umlenze kunye nezimbambo. Makhe siqwalasele ngokubhekiselele kokuqala kwabo: kuqala iinkozi zengqondo zikhula ngenxa yokwahlula iseli. Kamva, ukusuka kwiiseli ezinoxanduva lokudala yonke inkqubo yomjikelezo womntu, kunomzimba omnye obomvu obunobumba obune-nucleus kunye ne-hemoglobin. Ivelisa ngqo umlandeleli wegazi obomvu (i-reticulocyte), leyo, ukungena egazini, iguqula kwi-erythrocyte iiyure ezingama-2-3 kamva.

Ulwakhiwo lweselom egazini legazi

Ukususela kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi kukho inani elikhulu le-hemoglobin, oku kubangela umbala obomvu obomvu. Kule meko, iseli ine-biconcave shape. Isakhiwo se-erythrocytes zeeseli ezifayo zibonelela ubukho be-nucleus, ezingenakutsholwa malunga nokugqitywa kokugqibela. Ububanzi be-erythrocyte buyi-7-8 μm, kwaye ubukhulu bungaphantsi kwe-2-2.5 μm. Inyaniso yokuba akukho nucleus kumaseli egazi abomvu avuthiweyo avumela i-oksijini ukungena ngokukhawuleza. Inani elipheleleyo leeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwigazi lomntu liphezulu kakhulu. Ukuba zidibaniswe kumgca omnye, ubude bayo bube malunga neekhilomitha ezili-150 zeekhilomitha. Imigaqo eyahlukeneyo isetyenziselwa i-erythrocyte, ebonisa ukuphambuka kwendawo yobukhulu, umbala kunye nezinye iimpawu:

• I-Normocytosis - ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo besayizi;
• I-Microcytosis - ubukhulu bungaphantsi kwesiqhelo;
• Ubukhulu be-Macrocytosis - obukhulu kunesiqhelo;
• I-Anitocytosis - ubukhulu beeseli buhluka kakhulu, oko kukuthi, ezinye zazo zinkulu kakhulu, ezinye zincinci kakhulu;
• Hypochromia - xa inani le-hemoglobin kwi-erythrocyte lingaphantsi kweqhelekileyo;
• I-Poikilocytosis - ukuma kweeseli zitshintshiselwe kakhulu, ezinye zazo zi-oval, ezinye - ezibunjwa ngumqolo;
• I-Normochromia - inani le-hemoglobin kwiiseli liqhelekileyo, ngoko ke libala ngokuchanekileyo.

Indlela i-erythrocyte ihlala ngayo

Ukusuka ngasentla, sele sifumene ukuba indawo yokubunjwa kwe-erythrocyte yintsipho yethambo lekhayi, izibambo kunye nomgudu. Kodwa ukuba ungena egazini, ngaba iiseli zide apho? Izazinzulu zifumanisa ukuba ubomi beselom ebomvu lufutshane - ngokuqhelekileyo malunga neentsuku eziyi-120 (iinyanga ezine). Ngeli xesha, uqala ukuguga ngenxa yezizathu ezibini. Yiyo imetabolism (ukuchithwa) kwe-glucose kunye nokwanda kwimixholo ye-acids fatty kuyo. I-Erythrocyte iqala ukulahlekelwa amandla kunye nokunyaniseka kwembombo, ngenxa yoko, kukho imida emininzi kuyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-erythrocytes inokutshabalaliswa kwimithambo yegazi okanye kwezinye izitho (isibindi, istile, ithambo lomongo). Iimveliso ezibunjwe ngenxa yokuphuka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi zisuswa kalula kumzimba womntu kunye nomchamo kunye nemfesi.

Inani elibomvu leeseli zegazi: iimvavanyo ukuchonga amanqanaba abo

Ngokomgaqo, kwipilisi, kukho ezimbini iintlobo zophando, ngenxa yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezibonakalisiweyo: iimvavanyo zegazi kunye nomchamo. Ukugqibela kwabo kubonisa ubuncinane ubuninzi bobukho bomzimba obomvu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo oku kubangelwa ubukho bentlobo ethile. Kodwa igazi legazi lihlala liqulethe iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kwaye kubalulekile ukwazi imigangatho yale nqondiso. Ukusabalalisa i-erythrocytes egazini lomntu onempilo ngokulinganayo, kwaye umxholo wabo ukhulu ngokwaneleyo. Okokuthi, ukuba kukho ithuba lokubala yonke inamba yabo kuye, siya kufumana inani elikhulu elingenayo nayiphi na ingcaciso. Ngoko ke, kwikhosi yee-laboratory izifundo zamukelwa ukusebenzisa le ndlela elandelayo: ukubala iiseli zegazi ezimnyama kwivolumu ethile (1 cubic millimeter yegazi). Ngendlela, elo xabiso luya kuvumela ukuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo izinga leeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye nokuchonga i-pathologies ekhoyo okanye iingxaki zempilo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba indawo yesigulane yokuhlala, ubulili bakhe kunye nobudala bakhe mbelelo ekhethekileyo kuye.

Imigangatho yamaseli obomvu egazini

Ngomntu onempilo, akakho nantoni na ukuphambuka kule nkcazo ebomini. Ngoko, kukho ukulandela imimiselo yayo yabantwana:

• Iiyure ezingama-24 zobomi bentsana - 4.3-7.6 yezigidi / 1 i-cubic. Igazi legazi;
• Inyanga yokuqala yobomi - 3.8-5.6 yezigidi / 1 i-cubic meter. Igazi legazi;
• Iinyanga ezi-6 zokuqala zobomi bomntwana - 3.5-4.8 yezigidi / 1 i-cubic meter. Igazi legazi;
• Ngomnyaka wokuqala wobomi - 3.6-4,9 yezigidi / 1 i-cubic meter. Igazi legazi;
• Unyaka oneminyaka eyi-12 - i-3,5-4,7 yezigidi / 1 i-cubic meter. Igazi legazi;
• Emva kweminyaka engama-13-3.6-5.1 yezigidi / 1 i-cubic meter. Igazi leMm.

Inombolo enkulu ye-erythrocyte kwigazi lomntwana kulula ukuyichaza. Xa esesiswini sesinina, ukubunjwa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kuye kuye kwindlela yokukhawuleza, kuba kunjalo kuphela iiseli zakhe kunye nezicubu zinokufumana umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-oksijini kunye nezondlo ngokukhula kunye nophuhliso lwabo. Xa usana luzalwa, amaseli egazi abomvu aqala ukutshatyalaliswa, kwaye ukugxininiswa kwegazi kuyancipha (ukuba le nkqubo ihamba ngokukhawuleza, umntwana unesifo se-jaundice).

Imimiselo yamaseli obomvu abomvu kubantu abadala:

• Amadoda: 4,5-5,5 yezigidi / 1 iikhiyitha yamitha. Igazi leMm.
• Abasetyhini: 3.7-4.7 izigidi / 1 i-cubic meter. Igazi leMm.
• Abantu abadala: ngaphantsi kwezigidi ezine / 1 cubic. Igazi leMm.

Enyanisweni, ukuphambuka kwimiqathango kungabandakanywa nayiphi na ingxaki emzimbeni womntu, kodwa apha kuyimfuneko ukubonisana nengcali.

I-Erythrocytes emanzini - ingaba imeko enjalo ingavela?

Ewe, oogqirha baphendula ngokuqinisekileyo. Enyanisweni, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo ezi zinto zibangelwa kukuba umntu unxibe umthwalo onzima okanye ubekwe kwindawo emele ixesha elide. Kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukwanda kwe-erythrocytes kumchamo kubonisa ubukho beengxaki kwaye kudinga iingcebiso zengcali enekhono. Khumbula ezinye zeemeko zalo kule nkalo:

• Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo kufuneka libe ngama-pc 0-2. Kwinkalo yombono;
• Xa i-urinalysis yenziwa ngendlela ye-Nechiporenko, iiselom zegazi ezibomvu zingaphezulu kwamawaka angamawaka emkhakheni wombono we- laboratory umncedisi;

Ugqirha, ukuba isigulane sinokuhlolwa kwemigodi, siya kubangela isizathu esithile sokubonakala kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kuyo, ukuvumela ezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuba sithetha ngabantwana, i-pyelonephritis, i-cystitis, i-glomerulonephritis iyaqwalaselwa;
• Urethritis (ngoxa uqwalasela ubukho bezinye iimpawu: intlungu esiswini, ukuvuthwa okubuhlungu, umkhuhlane);
• Urolithiasis: isigulane ngokukhawuleza sikhalazo malunga nokuxutywa kwegazi kumchamo kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-coal renal;
• I-Glomerulonephritis, i-pyelonephritis (isinqe sikhathaza kwaye ukushisa kuphakama);
• Izifo zeengso;
• Adenoma yeprostate.

Sitshintsha kwinani le-erythrocyte egazini: izizathu

Isakhiwo se-erythrocytes sibonisa ukubonakala kwazo kwi-hemoglobin eninzi, kwaye ngoko into enokukwazi ukufaka i-oksijini kunye nokususa i-carbon dioxide. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphambuka okuvela kumgangatho oqhelekileyo, obonakalisa inani lamaseli obomvu egazini, kunokuba yingozi kwimpilo yakho. Ukwandiswa kwinqanaba le-erythrocytes egazini labantu (i-erythrocytosis) alisoloko lugcinwa kwaye linokudibaniswa nezizathu ezilula: uxinzelelo, ukunyanzelisa umzimba, ukunyanzelisa umzimba okanye ukuhlala kwintaba. Kodwa ukuba akunjalo, qwa lasela ezi zilandelayo zifo ezibangele ukwanda kwesi sixalathisi:

• Iingxaki zegazi, kuquka i-erythremia. Ngokuqhelekileyo umntu ngexesha elifanayo unemibala ebomvu yesikhumba entanyeni, ubuso.
• Ukuphuhliswa kweentsholongwane kwimiphunga kunye nesimo senhliziyo.

Ukunciphisa inani lamaseli obomvu, elibizwa ngokuba yiyeza erythropenia, linokubangelwa zizizathu ezininzi. Okokuqala, i-anemia, okanye i-anemia. Inokudityaniswa nokuphulwa komsebenzi weeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwindawo yomongo. Xa umntu elahlekelwa ngumlinganiselo othile wegazi okanye amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ahlawule ngokukhawuleza egazini lakhe, le meko ivela kwakhona. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha bafaka izigulane ezifunyaniswa "njenge-iron anemia". Intsimbi nje ayikwazi ukwenza izinto ezaneleyo emzimbeni womntu okanye kunzima ukuba bayigle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukulungisa imeko, iingcali zinika i-vitamin B ₁₂ kunye ne-acid ye-folic kunye nezilungiselelo zesinyithi ezigulane.

I-index ye-ESR: ithetha ntoni

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ugqirha, emva kokuba wamkele isigulane esikhalazo nangayiphi na imingqele (engadluli ixesha elide), ummisela ukuba ahlalutye ngokubanzi kwigazi. Kulo, ngokuqhelekileyo kumgca wokugqibela uza kubona isibonakaliso esithakazelisayo se-erythrocyte yegazi, echaza ukulingana kwe-subsidence yabo (ESR). Ngayiphi i-laboratory onokuqhuba isifundo esinjalo? Kulula kakhulu: igazi likagulane lifakwe kwiphubhu yeglasi elincinci kwaye lishiye kwisikhundla sokuma kwithuba elithile. I-Erythrocytes ihlala isezantsi, ishiya iplasma ecacileyo kwindawo ephezulu yegazi. Iyunithi yokulinganisa isantya se-erythrocyte i-mm / hr. Esi sibonakaliso sinokuhluka ngokwabelana ngesini kunye nobudala, umzekelo:

• Abantwana: abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-1 ubudala - 4-8 mm / iyure; Iinyanga ezi-6 - 4-10 mm / iyure; Unyaka oneminyaka eyi-12-4-12 mm / iyure;
• Amadoda: 1-10 mm / iyure;
• Abafazi: 2-15 mm / iyure; Abafazi abakhulelweyo abanesondo elifanelekileyo - 45 mm / h.

Uluhlu luni na lathisi lwedatha? Kakade, ogqitywa nje ogqirha baye baqala ukunyamekela. Kukholelwa ukuba kukho iziphoso ezininzi kuyo, ezinokuthi zidibeneyo, umzekelo kubantwana, kunye nelizwe elonwabileyo (ukukhala, ukukhala) ngexesha lokuthatha igazi. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, izinga lokunyuka kwe-sedimentation ye-erythrocyte ngumphumo wenkqubo yokuvuvukala ekhulayo emzimbeni wakho (ithi, i-bronchitis, i-pneumonia, nayiphi na isifo esicayo okanye esithathelwanayo). Kwakhona, ukukhula kwe-ESR kuboniswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuya esikhathini, isifo somntu okanye isifo esingapheliyo, kunye nokulimala, isifo, isifo senhliziyo, njl njl. Ewe, ukunciphisa i-ESR kuncinci kakhulu kwaye sele kubonisa ukuba kukho iingxaki ezinzulu: i-leukemia, i-hepatitis, i-hyperbilirubinemia kunye nabanye.

Njengoko sifumene, indawo yokubunjwa kwe-erythrocytes yintsipho yomnatha, izibambo kunye nomgudu. Ngoko ke, phambi kweengxaki kunye nenani lamaseli obomvu egazini, kufuneka uqale ugqibe ingqalelo kubo yokuqala. Wonke umntu kufuneka aqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba zonke izikhombisi kwiimvavanyo esizithathayo zibaluleke kakhulu kumzimba wethu, kwaye kungcono ukuba ungabakhathaleli ngokungenanto. Ngoko ke, ukuba uthe wagqiba olu phando, nceda uqhagamshelane neengcali ezifanelekileyo ukuba uzicime. Oku akuthethi ukuba ekuphambukeni okuthe ngqo kumgangatho woluhlalutyo, umntu makamsabe ngokukhawuleza. Yiza nje ekupheleni, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwimpilo yakho.