Ikwimeko efanelekileyo iidiliya kwi namadlelo

Iidiliya i uhlobo 'ubomi berry. " iimpawu wayo, yokutya nokunyanga, nkqu kakuhle eyaziwa ehlabathini lonke ukususela kwixesha lamandulo. Iidiliya ziqulathe fructose kunye iswekile, kwakunye asidi ezininzi organic. Nganye berry 1.5% inezigaba zokulanda umkhondo zexabiso kunye neevithamini. Indibaniselwano evumelanayo iidiliya ezilungileyo incasa emnandi ezimuncu kunikwa enye yeendawo encotsheni yentaba Olympus iingcali zokupheka kunye newayini kuphela yaye andikwazi ukuthetha. Namhlanje siza kuxubusha unonophelo iidiliya kwi namadlelo. Ewe, le mveliso lixabisekileyo kuveliswa band phantse kumbindi zelizwe lethu!

Iinkcukacha eziphambili zezityalo

Inxalenye lentsapho Vinogradov. "Iidiliya" ekubhekiselwe nje kumdiliya, kodwa iziqhamo zayo - kumntu wonke amaqunube ezinkulu, ivumba elimnandi. Emva kokutyala imbewu le isityalo emhlabeni, bakhawuleza kuntshula inivelisele amahlumelo enkulu kangangoko leyo kunyaka wokuqala isondlo ukuyithwala iziqhamo. Ngemihla Ekuqaleni sinuses igqabi kuqalisa ngokukhawuleza ndinganduluka, nokuphuhlisa amahlumelo ecaleni, kodwa ekupheleni kweminyaka yokuqala neyesibini phantse 90% evela kwinkqubo asezantsi esifa, ukwakha yonke nefom zomdiliya. imidiliya kweentyatyambo are sikakrebe kakhulu, iintyatyambo - ezincinane kwaye iqokelelwe kwi "amaqela" of inflorescences. Ukupeyinta iziqhamo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemiqathango kwindawo ethile.

iimpawu Common kulinywe

Oko kufuneka linyamekele iidiliya amadlelo? Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuba ukukhumbula imidiliya ukukhanya-onothando, ukuthambekela kwalo ngumkhenkce site eqinileyo eNtaba. Ngamafutshane, iidiliya kufuneka, indawo ngokwaneleyo eshushu kakuhle nelikhanyiswe, ivaliwe ukumelana nomoya. Emangalisayo, kodwa ezi meko zilula ukunika iziphumo ezigqwesileyo ngokulinywa le isityalo wonke ummandla kummandla eMoscow. Khumbula ukuba iindidi kunye amaqunube amnyama zifuna ubushushu ngaphezu elula ngaphezu 'abazalwana' babo.

Nangenxa endaweni iintlobo zethu kakhulu ulinywa Kukhazimlayo, njengoko lula ukunyamekela. Ngexesha lasehlotyeni weediliya kwi namadlelo kufuneka ugcine rhoqo ubuliliso, bazifihla iqabaka yokuqala kunokwenzeka, ukuze iintlobo abamnyama eziqhele ezinqabileyo.

Malunga iimeko zomhlaba kunye nendawo nemidiliya

Lilonke, nakuba ezinye iintsomi ezinjalo umdiliya bangamelana iintlobo zomhlaba ezininzi, kodwa kufuneka kwenziwe inomfana iimeko: kuqala, umaleko womhlaba kufuneka nzulu ngokwaneleyo phambi amanzi eyimfuneko. I-pH - ngaphakathi 6.5-7.0. Kwakhona, musa ukulima imidiliya kwimihlaba calcareous kakhulu, ekubeni kule meko idla abosulelekileyo esi sifo. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukhethe indawo ekunene ngokwemiqathango sokukhanyisa kunye nokhuselo umoya.

Ngokunqwenelekayo sifuna kwithambeka zikhangele ngasezantsi, okanye ezantsi-entshonalanga, ngokuba iidiliya nonakekelo ihlobo ledlelo kuya kuba lula, kuba ufuna nje maxa wambi ukunkcenkceshela imidiliya. Xa iimeko zethu udonga efanelekileyo zendlu, ngokukhomba kwicala elinye. Ungaze ukulima nomdiliya eyadini ezincinane zifakwe kuyo ikhephu ulala ixesha elide kakhulu yaye akazange ukuzifudumeza emhlabeni.

Indlela yokulungisa isiza lokutyala?

Sele sathetha ngayo izigulane. Xa okuba incinane ukuba umhlaba kwisayithi ekhethiweyo ukuze ibe manzi kakhulu, ukuba iyafuneka. Iidiliya ezinjalo iimeko ungenako ukubathwala konke konke. Malunga neeveki ezintathu phambi kokutyala umdiliya kwindawo evulekileyo kuyimfuneko ukuba bembe phezu kummango ibe umhlakulo ezimbini onencula. Ukuba umhlaba asidi, yenza zekalika ngomlinganiselo 200 grams square metre nganye. Kubalulekile ukuba ukuchumisa umhlaba ihlwempu: malunga iperi yasegadini iikiliva wamatye kwindawo enye. "Isabella" awudibani kule leediliya. In namadlelo yokutyala nokunyamekela ezi zilwanyana kufuneka azizode zibonelele isichumiso esilungileyo, njengoko ngaphandle lo msebenzi, nto iya kuza kuyo.

Qaphela ukuba iidiliya ifuna ukuba ubukho ezikhaphukhaphu nkqo. Xa imidiliya amila ezindongeni zendlu ka intambo okanye ucingo kufuneka abekwe kumgama nama-30-35 cm ngaphandle. Ukuba kunokwenzeka ukulinywa iidiliya kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, enze iintsika ziimitha ezimbini ubude, gqobhoza umhlaba kubunzulu-60 cm. Isithuba phakathi kwabo kufuneka ube malunga neemitha ezimbini (ezintathu qukwanga). I-backup lokugqibela kubhetele ukuba elahla ngesinyithi okanye kukuthanda nje zisuka. Kakade ke, ukuba imali zikhona, kungcono ukwenza ukhuphelo, "imile", njengoko kwimeko yethu a izibonda elide emhlabeni akemi ukuba. Asitsala phezu kwentambo nomphakamo-40 cm, ngaphezu kwayo, yonke 30 cm, cross-elula "msebe". amaqula nganye elizayo ukucwangcisa kwipali Uluhlu: kuya kuba lula ukucacisa indawo ukumba kunye ukutyebisa.

On the fit ekunene

Kwimimandla esemazantsi yesityalo etyalwe kwisithuba ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya kuMatshi. Kakade ke, xa iimeko zethu kwamkelekile ngakumbi ... Kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba ndatyala imidiliya entwasahlobo ekuqaleni, phambi kokuba ibiselityatyambile wavuleka. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ilizwe kubunzulu lokuhlala mabazivonyavonye ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu 10-11 ° C. Qaphela ukuba kunqweneleka ukugcina izidiliya kulo lonke ubusika isakhelo ebandayo, uyazimela ikhephu abandayo. Ngoko ke apha naphaya ngcono xa lihlala kwindawo evulekileyo. Le meko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uceba ukukhula iidiliya "Isabella". E Moscow, ukutyala kunye nokhathalelo yale ziintsapho entsonkothileyo ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka ukuba nenkxalabo malunga nokufumana izityalo oluzinzileyo womelele.

Xa utyala kufuphi eludongeni umva kude kuyo kumgama-40 cm, nesityalo kweediliya njalo 1.3 m. Xa umgama evulekileyo phakathi ngomdiliya ukuba ubuncinane omnye kunye iimitha enesiqingatha. Ukuba kukho imiqolo phakathi kwabo waza waqhubeka umsantsa kwisiqingatha ukuya kwiimitha ezimbini. Qiniseka ukuba ukujonga ukuba ukugonyelwa kwamatyholo sihlume ethile ngaphezu komgangatho womhlaba lo. Musa ukulibala tie imidiliya ukuqhubeka nokunika inkxaso. Emva ngokulima umdiliya ubunamanzi ngocoselelo yaye kufuma wabola nomgquba.

Ukutyebisa benika

ukunakekela iidiliya kwikhalenda eMoscow iqala entlakohlaza ekuqaleni. Ngeli xesha ngokwenza ukuba nezichumiso kwezimbiwa ezintsonkothileyo. Kwangaxesha nye, kufuma amagqabi nehumasi lomhlaba. Ebubanzini kufuma kufuneka kungabikho ngaphantsi kwe iisentimitha ezintathu. Kufuneka wazi ukuba iidiliya avelana kakhulu izixa ezincinane wemagniziyam emhlabeni. Ekubeni umdiliya yayo yokungabikho nje kuphela ukuze unganikeli isityalo, kodwa kufa, kuba kulo mzekelo isityalo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngayo iintlobo izinambuzane nezifo. Ukuthintela oku, thatha 250 gr wemagniziyam sulfate, inyibilike-emele yamanzi kunye ufutha yomdiliya. Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva, ufuna ukuphinda.

Khumbula ukuba iidiliya eMoscow entwasahlobo loncedo luchaphazela ukudla ngeveki izichumisi kwezimbiwa elulwelo, ngaphambi kokuqala berry esivuthiweyo. Ukuba ezikhulayo imidiliya kufuphi eludongeni ikhaya lakho, musa ukulibala usinkcenkceshele rhoqo. Noko ke, musani inxaxheba kwaye waterlog umhlaba, njengoko kulo mzekelo, izityalo zikhawuleze baqale kubola iingcambu kwaye ife.

Njani yaye nini ukuvuna kakuhle?

Khumbula ukuba nkqu kunye nombala epheleleyo berry, ke akukabi abaqolileyo ngokupheleleyo. Fruits kufuneka yande isixa esithile iswekile, ebangela ukuba baqhelane kubo bonke incasa ubuncwane nevumba. Kuba kwiintlobo okuqala eli xesha malunga ezintlanu iiveki, kodwa ke iintlobo kamva nga zivuthwe ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbini. Qaphela ukuba kuqokelelwe iidiliya ngezandla zabo ezingenanto uyalidakisa ke umboniso njengomthwebeba yokhuselo, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ukwehla ngokukhawuleza imveliso. Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa iiglavu, zama ukubamba ngokuba "zilungile", wabasika secateurs.

Berry ziqokelelwa ngendlela olunjalo ugcinwe ixesha elide, ngokuzenzekelayo dozrevaya. Kutshanje, phantsi kummandla eMoscow kunye nesigqeba sonke se band Central kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba asingabo bonke zivuthwe iidiliya. Ukutyala nononophelo (kwimimandla) kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza kakuhle, kodwa ukuba unako ukwenza ukulinywa impazamo, isivuno esibi ukwambatha emdiliyeni emnqamlezweni!

imithetho ahlabayo

Ukuthenwa - yinto mzuzu ebaluleke kakhulu ebino leediliya. Khumbula ukuba eseleyo kwi ngamasebe emdiliyeni kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:

• Akufunekanga ukuba nawuphi na umonakalo, iimpawu umonakalo izifo nezinambuzane. Ukongeza, kucetyiswa ukuba ushiye kuphela ubude eqhelekileyo kumagqabi, nge eyahlukileyo umbala oluhlaza efanayo.
• amahlumelo amatsha linqweneleka ukushiya ukuba ubukhulu babo ilingana 6-12 mm. Kakade ke, imidiliya abaselula, zinokuba aselula. Ukuba elisisiqu ibhityile kakhulu, nto nje akazange abe ixesha yande anenani elifunekayo izondlo, yaye ngoko buthathaka kwaye afele nangawuphi na umzuzu. Kwimeko kumagqabi zamafu ngokugqithiseleyo kwakhona akulungile; azinayo kugoba, kufuneka internodes asisifutshane kunye nobudala ngaphambili.
• kubaluleke kakhulu! Xa uwashiye kunye neminye imisebenzi (ingakumbi ngexesha lokuvuna) Kucetyiswa ngamandla ngazo zonke iindlela ukuze ukukhusela kubangelwa umonakalo, amanxeba kunye neetships, ekubeni ezo ziphene emdiliyeni lungakhuli kwaye musa uphefumlela nentlaka.

Ukuba ngokwenene isivuno ezibalulekileyo incasa nomgangatho iziqhamo, uyacebiswa ukuba ushiye hayi ngaphezulu kwe 10-12 amathupha square metre kwendawo, nekuhlala umdiliya enye ngalinye. Zama ukuba siphambanise ne ematyholweni kwaye ukusika imidiliya ngokupheleleyo. Kwimeko apho omnye izidiliya, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, yaye ubusika buthathaka kakubi, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ngakumbi isixa zekhefu-omasebe, kodwa etyholweni elingummelwane inani zabo zandiswe. Yintoni enye ithathe unonophelo iidiliya kwi amadlelo?

Lokucheba emva amazinyo (ubusika aluphumelelanga)

Beediliya kuneqabaka umonakalo yasebusika - imeko kule ndawo yethu ezinqabileyo. Phambi kokuba ukususa iimpembelelo eziqalelo, kuyimfuneko ubuncinane ukuba iliso ukuvavanya ubungakanani umonakalo.

kwakukho Ukuba ngumkhenkce imingxuma, njani ukwenza ukukhathalela iidiliya? Xa isityalo namadlelo - ndlela kuphela athathe le meko. Kulo mzekelo, zama ukushiya Amaqhina ngakumbi amahlumelo abaselula. Kakade ke, ingakumbi ukuba bazibandakanye ayikho kuyimfuneko, kuba ngenye indlela, amahlumelo ezininzi nje umthi ityholo umonakalo onke ayo. Kwimeko apho ngenxa iqabaka abachaphazelekayo inxalenye ephezulu yonke emdiliyeni, uthe wagawulwa, bezama ukuba ibe kukusinda okukhulu ukusuka isiphunzi eseleyo. Ukuba, kwanele Voltchkova Kuphendula ubunzima ethile le kuvuka.

Hi ndlela leyi, kukho ukuxhathisa ubuninzi 'amazinyo kweediliya ngenxa nedlelo? Iintlobo neukryvnoy ukunakekelwa oko kunokwenzeka, "Alpha", "Fox berry", "Key Grey '.

Indlela ukusika iidiliya?

Khumbula into enye ebalulekileyo: a ukuthenwa ophumelelayo kwenziwa kuphela kwimeko ukuba usebenzisa i ezintsha kunye kakhulu ezibukhali secateurs, enika cut kakuhle kwaye zicocekile. Okona ukubaleka, koko kufuneka kuba ngombala engile ngqo. Oku kuya zinciphise ndawo wafumana umonakalo izityalo, nto leyo kakuhle kuchaphazela kwalo ngexesha lasebusika. Ukuba sithethe ngayo ngamasebe abaselula, bagqiba ukunciphisa ngentla ngqo iliso, lemka kuyo ngokweesentimitha ezintathu. Ngoko ke ufumana i yidiliya elihle: ukutyala nonakekelo namadlelo, nokuthenwa kunye nesichumiso - nzima nje umsebenzi, kodwa zinkulu!

izifo Main kunye izitshabalalisi zezityalo

Qaphela ukuba isifo iidiliya kunzima ukubona, ekubeni izifo ezahlukeneyo ukubonisa iimpawu ezifanayo. Ngoko ukujonga amashwa ngqo ukubukela ngokusondeleyo inkqubo zophendlo lwezifo kuwabona la iimpawu kakhulu kuphawu. Zonke izifo imidiliya lungohlulwa lube iintlobo ezimbini:

• iintlobo ezondeleyo.
• uhlobo zonyaka.

Xa ngamagciwane "Kronike" zezi: ekskorioz esque, eutipioz, ngokunjalo nezifo endalo ziibhakteriya kunye wentsholongwane egazini. Bonke bephela iyingozi kakhulu kuba ngenkankulu efanele zinambuzane eqhelekileyo, yaye ixesha elide sinokuhlala siyathandaza, ukuba ukwimeko afihlakeleyo. Amaninzi, usulelo alaqhenqetha ukukhathalela, encediswa izixhobo. Ngaba njalo akhawunti izinambuzane, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, esi sifo ngokukhawuleza ukugubungela yonke isidiliya, ekubeni kunye umungu kwi yeediliya. Ukutyala nonakekelo namadlelo (isithombe ephepheni), wonke umsebenzi onzima unokuphulukana lilize, ukuba ubuncinane omnye lwezinambuzane ukuthatha lengcambu emdiliyeni!

Izifo yamaxesha ziquka ezintofontofo nangexoshomba, angumgubo nangexoshomba, ngumngundo hina, anthracnose. Olu didi kuthiwa rubella kunye nokubola emhlophe. ezimbi lwamaxesha onyaka igama kuba apho ekuqaleni sexesha lokukhula. ukubonakala kwazo igqitywa ezingafanelekanga iindlela zokulima kunye nokungakhathali winegrower, xa yokugqibela engenzinto lokuvuna umgangatho ekwindla isidiliya, eshiya eninzi yenkunkuma. It ngokugqibeleleyo amagciwane overwinter izifo emdiliyeni, ngokunjalo ezidla izinambuzane. Ngaloo ndlela, ukunyamekela iidiliya ekwindla eMoscow ubonelela ukucoca umyalelo intsimi, kulandele ukutshisa inkunkuma.

ezintofontofo, nexoshomba

Nangexoshomba (ezintofontofo liqhenqa). Kuyingozi kuba iphuhlisa lonke eli xesha lokukhula, ochaphazela kuzo zonke iindawo uhlaza kwisityalo. Usulelo kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwimozulu emanzi kunye nemvula, izidanga hayi ngaphezulu 13 ngaphezu C kwiqondo lobushushu voice. Makuboniswe ekuqaleni kwesi sifo, kwaye imbonakalo amabala lamina olunamafutha iimilo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ziza kukhutshwa yi imisonto amhlophe zibonakale kakhulu mycelium-like. Ngesi gciwane iidiliya ingakumbi onovakalelo "ULidiya": e Moscow Ukutyalwa uwunyamekele lo hlobo ilula kakhulu, kodwa ke le imeko ungaze uyilibale yayifanele!

Kamsinya nje kukho nelitye, siya kuthathwa ngokuthi watsho ityholo yonke. Xa isayithi ye ngokoyiswa esiqwini kwegqabi ngokukhawuleza crumbled, ezingekomiswa, yaye incakuba igqabi lonke nje engasekho bazoyise olomeleleyo. Isiphelo sinye amahlumelo abaselula, namaqhina kunye amaqunube. Amahlumelo abadala kude emva ulwando. Practice lubonise ukuba ukuqhambuka yokuqala ezintofontofo isibetho ilahlekileyo ukuya kwi-80% yesivuno, amatyholo ezininzi kufa. Xa kwenzeka phantse ngokukhawuleza uphuhliso isifo imozulu imanzi yaye kufumile, ngokubulala phantse yonke yeediliya. Ukulinywa nonakekelo amadlelo kubo nzima ixesha sezulu!

Ulwazi malunga exciter

Isifo bemvelo ezinzwaneni. I 'philisi "yinqobo equlethe ezininzi imbewu kwenziwa ekupheleni ukuwa, ukuba eqhotyoshelwe kule elingaphantsi ikhaba amagqabi. ngokugqibeleleyo Bagciniwe nje kuphela umaleko phezulu komhlaba; kodwa kumphezulu wayo. Entwasahlobo, aba ihlumelo ukubunjwa mycelium kwaye kunokubangela kokuwela emagqabini abaselula ngexesha iimvula enzima "ukuphosa" kweengqakumbana zomhlaba yomdiliya. Qaphela ukuba iingxoxo kwinqanaba lokuqala alichaphazeleki ngokupheleleyo ziziyobisi nokubola, njengoko ezihlawulelwayo kwiqokobhe eshinyeneyo ashinyeneyo kakhulu. Njengoko umthetho, ngexesha okuthatha ayikho ngaphezu iiveki, emva koko amagqabi kuvela onke amabala efanayo.

Qaphela ukuba iimeko zokugula abhalwe kuphela xa ekrwada, enemvula. Njengoko kwezinye iindawo kummandla eMoscow isoloko fogs, ezintofontofo isibetho kuvelisa ukuchithakala yokwenene, 'enkqonkqoza phandle "isityalo seediliya yonke. Ukuthintela umphumela onjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuze adale iimeko ezingcono yokuphefumla kwamatyholo, hayi ukuvala izikhewu phakathi kwemiqolo kunye nemidiliya ngamnye. Kwakhona, ukuba umkhathalele ngokukhethekileyo kule yomdiliya "Isabella". E Moscow nokugcinwa yayo kufuna izityalo processing kabini Bordeaux umxube okanye lokunye. Oku kufanele kwenziwe ubuncinane izihlandlo ezibini. Ukuba awukwazi ukuthenga okanye wenze eyakho ulwelo Bordeaux, unako ukusebenzisa ootitshala ababambeleyo, esisusela ezivenkileni ngokulima mihla libanzi kakhulu.

angumgubo liqhenqa

Kwakhona libizwa "Oidium". Njengoko kwimeko yangaphambili, unako kweli xesha lifutshane ukubetha zonke iindawo uhlaza umdiliya. usuleleko Primary kwenzeka elide phambi lokuntshula, njengoko arhente causative ka 'ehleli "entshinyeleni yehlathi endala. Ukumisela yesimo ngolunya ilula kakhulu: amahlumelo ezosulelekileyo wambu ngokukhawuleza kunye ezimhlophe, angumgubo ngeso lenyama. Ke wona amagqabi, lo mycelium ngokuqhelekileyo senzeka kwinxalenye engentla ikhaba amagqabi. Ukuba iqondo umonakalo onamandla kunene, kule nkqubo ibandakanya igqabi lonke, egoqa ngokukhawuleza. Phantse onke amasebe achaphazelekayo abanalo ixesha yande anenani elifunekayo izondlo, ngoko ebusika ke ngumkhenkce.

amaqunube ezichaphazelekayo ngokoqobo eziqwenga ngaphakathi ukuze kube lula ukuqonda imbewu. Eyona uphawu esi sifo ivumba isikizi iintlanzi obolileyo, nto leyo ke ngokucacileyo ephawuleka kufuphi kwamatyholo ezichaphazelekayo. Isifo Iziphumo kuphela ipesenti ebonakalayo yovalo izidiliya, kodwa kananjalo amaqunube esemgangathweni yorhwebo ephantsi kakhulu ukuba mincinci kwaye ezimuncu. Ngokungafaniyo sisifo elidlulileyo, angumgubo isibetho kungcono kuphuhliswa ngaphandle kwezulu, kodwa ukufuma zezulu okukufutshane kwaye ukonwabele eli gciwane. Ixesha bafukanywe yi ezintlanu kuphela iintsuku ezisixhenxe, kwaye ngeli xesha elilahlekileyo ngenxa yokuba ngaphezu kwe-80% yesityalo iyonke.

Indlela ukuba ulwe usulelo?

Njengokuba kunjalo elidlulileyo, ukuzama ukudala imo evumayo kwakhuthazwa ubuninzi phakathi kwemiqolo kunye izikhewu phakathi kwamatyholo. Ukuze ngokuphepha kutshabalalisa pathogen, zonke izilonda zibonwe apha ezityalweni kabini (interval - malunga ngeveki) iphathwa kunye Bordeaux ngolwelo. olunye processing ezimbini - phambi lokuntshula, yaye ngoko nangoko emva kwayo. Ngexesha lokukhula kuyimfuneko ukuba esweni ngokusondeleyo imidiliya. Ukuba iimpawu zokugula kwenzeka kwakhona, nemidiliya spray kwakhona. Sinako isincomo ukusetyenziswa imixube ezizodwa ukuba zibe ziyafumaneka ezivenkileni igadi.

Ukuba siyalithobela icebiso wethu, uyakwazi ukufunda kweli nqaku, umdiliya uya kusoloko ukuziyolisa wena neendwendwe zakho, ngokuza osisityebi ukuvuna amaqunube eliphambili, ivumba elimnandi! Loo nto banyanyekelwa iidiliya eMoscow.