Imbali i "ezinzulwini Lower" Gorky: ukuba indlela

Abaninzi baye ukufunda umdlalo, eyabhalwa ngu Mxim Gorky "ezinzulwini Lower". Imbali yayo indalo umdla yakhe kunene. Njengoko yaziwa, umbhali Russian, yaye ebutsheni bakhe wayiqhubela bosyatsky indlela yobomi, behamba kunye nangxowa yamphako emqolo. Kunqabile ukuba yena ukuba alale kwimikhukhu abangenamakhaya. Kungenzeka, isicwangciso ukudala umsebenzi ngazo zonke ins kunye outs wobomi aba bantu kuvuthwa engqondweni yakhe ixesha elide Maksima Gorkogo. Kodwa ke ukuba kusebenzise oko kuphela xa umbhali yagqiba ukuba le drama. Kwathi ekupheleni XIX-XX iinkulungwane.

abaculi ikruqula

Qembu le Moscow Art Theatre ngowe-1900, waya eCrimea, ukuba babeke phambi kwabo edlalwa bakhe yaseChekhov kaThixo "Malume Vanya" yaye "I Inqina." Kodwa nje ukuba uthumo abadlali. Njengoko Nemirovich-Danchenko wavuma, umlawuli we yeqonga, injongo kwaba njalo okwabaya ukudibana ne Gorky aze azixelele ukuba ubhale umdlalo. Bakwenza oko. kanye imbali "ezinzulwini Lower" Gorky waba umfutho sokubhala kunye nezinye iinyama. Le mveliso eyaziwa njenge "AmaFilisti" yaye "Dachniki". Ngenxa ukweyisela yala magcisa, Mxim Gorky wavula ekuchubekeni.

Sebenza ezizibeni

Zonke iziqwenga ezintathu zaye zabhalwa phantse ngaxeshanye. Sele yesandla ye "AmaFilisti 'ligqithise ngo-1901, le nkundla. Imbali i "ezinzulwini Lower" Gorky kwakunzima. Faka ixesha elide akakwazanga ayeke nkqu ukuba isihloko elinye. ongakhetha "ndlu Doss" baye bazama, "Ngaphandle Sun", "emazantsi". Kodwa ukuba kumele kube umdlalo, Gorky neze. Wayefuna ukwenza le mveliso ingakumbi kwabo bantu ezotywe abemi indlu doss amahlwempu: i babengafundanga. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi kweembambano: ithi apha phantse amabini eminyaka lokuqaphela yobomi, amasiko kunye nesigama "zangaphambili abantu".

Imbali i "ezinzulwini Lower" Gorky, okanye njani ukuba kwaqala

Sele "AmaFilisti" Ndenze into eninzi ingxolo. Yokuhlolwa wazama kwiindawo ezimdaka ingakumbi abuhlungu kwafuneka ukuba bakuthembe. Le yokudlala kuqala wakhulela eSt Petersburg, apho cast of the Moscow Art Theatre waya kuhambo ngoMatshi 1902. Kwi iholo ilokhwe yokuziqhelisa yayizele iintlola iimpahla zokunxiba, umi phambi ihashe gendarmerie. Stanislavsky ngale joke, ukuba uqeqesho loo nto iyavumelana ngakumbi ekulweni jikelele ngaphezu uzilungiselela. Loo hype urhulumente luphembelela kuphela iimfuno zoluntu kwi ekuchubekeni-debutant. Ngoko ke, lo isithuba lalingayi nje impumelelo.

production

Imbali i "ezinzulwini Lower" Gorky ndandimfutshane kakhulu ndlela siya kumbukeli. Kwadlula iinyanga 18 studding beminyango iimali ezahlukeneyo mvume phambi imingcele wamnika lanqwala kwisethingi, kodwa kuphela kwinqanaba le Moscow Art Theatre. Ngokutsho imithombo yembali, ebesenzela ngenxa yokuba wayeqinisekile ngokumka walo mdlalo. Noko ke, urhulumente wazilibala ukuba lizwe kwikhabathisi imeko ye revolution. 1905 waba ngeenxa nje ekoneni. impumelelo umdlalo iye omkhulu, yaye oku lungabi nakubekwa bala kuphela maka obalaseleyo. Ukuze kwaduma Gorky wawabizela umbono izihlandlo ezilishumi elinesihlanu. Umbhali bedidekile, akazange alindele uzuko enjalo. Ukususela ngoko, umsebenzi Gorky kaThixo "ezinzulwini Lower" kwi Moscow Art Theatre ndawo iminyaka engama-60 (ukuya kutsho kuDisemba 1962) njengoko izihlandlo 1451.