Ubomi Works of feta. Interesting izibakala nobomi feta

Le lyric Russian omkhulu Fet azalwe ngoDisemba 5, 1820. Kodwa biographers baye babuza kuphela umhla wokuzalwa kwakhe. facts okuyimfihlakalo imvelaphi feta lwabo okwenyaniso batyakatywa de ukufa kwakhe. Ukongeza kungekho uyise hlobo, ongaqondakaliyo yaba imeko igama lokwenyani. Konke oku ezingqonge ubomi kunye nomsebenzi kwabanye mfihlelo feta.

abazali feta

Ngokusesikweni, le igosa Russian Athanasius Neofitovich Shenshin, uphathwa kwisixeko German ka Darmstadt, wahlala endlwini oberkrigskomissara uKarl Becker. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, intombi igosa lomkhosi umhlala-phantsi nomdla host ekhaya, oneminyaka eli-22 ubudala uCharlotte. Charlotte, Noko ke, ngelo xesha sele unfree yaye wayetshate kwigosa encinane isiJamani Karlom Fetom, naye wahlala endlwini Becker.

Nangona ezi meko, kwaye nkqu phambi intombi yakhe Charlotte Fet, wasibopha ezothando ovuthuzayo. Zingafanelekanga namandla eluthandweni, uCharlotte ugqiba ukuba ukubaleka Shenshin eRashiya. Ekuqaleni kowe-1820, uCharlotte, eshiya indoda yakhe nentombi, eshiya Germany.

Le ukwahlukana kulendawo ixesha elide

ngeke ibe ubomi Isincoko kunye nomsebenzi feta ngaphandle ibali ukuzalana yabazali. Sele eRashiya, uCharlotte amaphupha umtshato osemthethweni kunye Karlom Fetom. Kodwa mtshato ngaloo mihla kakhulu yinkqubo ethatha ixesha elide. Abanye biographers bathi, ngenxa yokuba lo msitho womtshato phakathi Shenshin kunye uCharlotte kwenzeka iminyaka emibini emva kokuzalwa Athanasius omncinane, unyana wabo eqhelekileyo. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo omnye Shenshin kuthiwa anyotywa umbingeleli ukunika inkwenkwe igama lakhe.

Mhlawumbi le nto nempembelelo lonke ubomi wembongi. Ukutyeshelwa kwalo hlobo kuBukhosi Russian baphathwa pretty rhabaxa. Noko ke, yonke imithombo ukuqinisekisa umtshato Shenshin kunye uCharlotte, owathi kamva wathabatha igama Elizavety Petrovny Shenshinoy.

Yezikhulu kwi amahlwempu

Ukubanjwa wayeqhelene biography lwamazwi, singaqondanga aveze umbuzo ezachaphazela ubomi kunye nomsebenzi feta. Zonke iinkcukacha ukuba ufunde nzima ngakumbi. Kodwa milestones enkulu ziyafikeleleka kakhulu. Little Athanasius eyi-14 ukuthandayo ilifa Russian eyahamba. Kodwa ke, ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima oomantyi imvelaphi kwemfihlelo umntwana yatyhilwa. Ngowe-1834 kuye kwenziwa uphando ityala, nto leyo ekhokelele isigqibo imbongi elizayo Oryol urhulumente wephondo umnakekeli ilungelo lakhe kubizwa ngokuba Shenshin.

Kucacile ukuba nangoko waqalisa amaqabane bahlekise kutshanje ukuba le nkwenkwe lifumanise kunokuba buhlungu. Kuyinto inxenye oku uphuhliso kwengqondo feta ukugula, bamlandela ukuba afe. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu kukuba kule meko ke waba nje ilungelo elifeni, kodwa ngokubanzi, ngokutsho amaxwebhu thaca ukusuka kwiindawo ezigcinayo xesha, waba ngumntu iqinisekisiwe ngaphandle ubuzwe. Ngesinye isihlandlo igosa lakomkhulu sofuzo Russian rich lezenkcubeko litsho uyimfama, akukho mntu, ngaphandle unina, hayi umntu unelungelo ngaphandle ifani kunye ngummi Russian. Ukulahlekelwa mkhulu kangangokuba wayecinga ukuba isiganeko Fet bubi ubomi bakhe wayivusa.

A wesinye Fet

Umntu unokucinga ukuba ocande unina imbongi kaThixo, kungqiba pettifoggers enkundla ubuncinane reference ezithile ngemvelaphi sonyana wakhe. Kodwa bonke kwaba lilize. Umfazi wahamba ngenye indlela.

Ukukhumbula iingcambu zakhe German, yena wabhenela inceba umyeni wakhe German. Imbali ayithethi njengoko Helena Petrovna iye kufikelelwa iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo. Kodwa yena. Izalamane wathumela isiqinisekiso olusemthethweni unyana ka-Athanasius Fet.

Ngoko ke kukho ubuncinane igama, ubomi kunye nomsebenzi feta kunikwa ifuthe kuphuhliso. Noko ke, yena besahamba kuzo zonke iisetyhula ezibonisiweyo njenge "Fet njengomphambukeli". Isigqibo yendalo kule yaba disinheritance epheleleyo. Ngenxa yokuba ngoku ngumbharbhari ndinento yokwenza umnumzana Shenshin. Yaba ngeli xesha wathabatha ilifa ingcamango ndingade aphinde igama elilahlekileyo Russian kunye nesihloko.

Amanyathelo okuqala kwimibongo

Athanasius wangena University eMoscow kwi-Faculty of Literature ekubhekiselelwe kuyo iintlobo eyunivesithi nangoku - "yalapha Fet". Apho, wadibana imbongi elizayo kunye umgxeki Apollonom Grigorevym. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba ubomi kunye nomsebenzi feta zatshintsha ngelo xesha: kukholelwa ukuba uGregory wavula isipho sakhe zemibongo Athanasius.

Kungekudala kuza incwadi yokuqala "ombambazelayo yonk '" - feta. wabhala imbongi xa wayeselapho umfundi eyunivesithi. Kubafundi kakhulu abafana isipho - ke noko kunjalo, apho umbhali bobabo kwilifa. Kwaye nkqu umgxeki ngqwabalala Belinsky ngokuphindaphindiweyo wagxininisa kumanqaku abo italente echaza le izibongo abatsha. Uhlaziya Belinsky, enyanisweni, waba iwise uhlobo Fet kwihlabathi kwimibongo Russian.

Athanasius yashicilelwa kwiimpapasho ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye kwiminyaka embalwa lenze ingqokelela entsha lyric.

emkhosini

Noko ke, uvuyo bobuchule nako ukumphilisa abagulayo umphefumlo feta. Ingcamango imvelaphi bakhe bokwenyaniso haunted mfana. Ukulungele ukwenza nantoni na ubungqina. Egameni lweenjongo elikhulu Feth nangoko emva kokuphumelela ukuya emkhosini, ndithemba ukufumana zithandwa emkhosini. Engena inkonzo enye regiments yephondo limile kwiphondo Kherson. Ke kaloku kamsinya nje impumelelo yokuqala - Fet ufumana ngabemi Russian ngokusemthethweni.

Kodwa umsebenzi enkondlo akayeki, nangoku igcina eninzi yokubhala kunye nokupapasha. Emva kwexesha elithile, inxalenye wephondo yobomi yomkhosi uzenza waziva: ubomi kunye nomsebenzi feta (iivesi wabhala ngaphantsi yaye ngaphantsi) iya mnyama yaye ingabangeli. Bayakulangazelela isihobe buthathaka.

FET ebhalelwa uqala akhalaze malunga ubunzima abahlobo bakhe ubukho. Ngapha koko, ebalawula ngabanye oonobumba, nguye iingxaki zemali. Ngoko ke, nokuba alungele umtshato lula, nje ukuba bahlukane kule meko kwingcinezelo emzimbeni yayimbi.

Translation for St. Petersburg

Esibuhlungu baba ubomi kunye nomsebenzi feta. Ngokufutshane ecacisa iziganeko eziphambili, siphawula ukuba joni imbongi watsala umtya iminyaka esibhozo ubude. Kwaye nje kokuba kokufumana kuqala kuluhlu lwabo igosa ubomi Fet bafunde nomthetho olulodwa, nto leyo iphakamisa inqanaba ukuxatyiswa umkhosi zeeteksi ukufumana isikhundla ungunyana wabanumzana. Ngamanye amazwi, le izikhulu ngoku kunikwa kuphela umntu ofumene onesikhundla esiphezulu ncinci kwezomkhosi ngaphezu kwaleyo waba feta. Le ndaba abatyhafileyo ngokupheleleyo yimbongi. Wayesazi ngenkankulu labafundi ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla. Ubomi Nemisebenzi of feta ezizotywe ngokutsha kwakhona zizisulu umntu.

Umfazi lowo umntu ukudibanisa ubomi bakhe lula, nayo wayengekho ikhoyo. FET waqhubeka ekhonza ngakumbi yawa ngakumbi ekudakumbeni.

Noko ke, luck ekugqibeleni wancuma imbongi: wakwazi ukudlulisela i-Life Guard Lancers, owenza i kufuphi St Petersburg. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1853 kwaye bangqamana ngokumangalisayo kunye ukutshintsha isimo sengqondo zoluntu ngayo umbongo. Abanye ukuhla umdla uncwadi, ezichongwe kwi-yoo-1840s, sele idlule.

Ngoku Nekrasov waba umhleli oyintloko wephephancwadi "Contemporary" kwaye iqokelelwe phantsi iphiko elite iincwadi Russian, ixesha sele kuququzelelwa ngokucacileyo uphuhliso nayiphi ingqondo. Ekugqibeleni ndabona ukukhanya ixesha elide ukubhala ingqokelela yesibini yesihobe feta, leyo azilibale imbongi ngokwakhe.

isibhengezo enkondlo

Ivesi kushicilelwa kule ncwadi, wenza zayichukumisa abathandi izibongo. nabagxeki zoncwadi ixesha njengoko V. P. Botkin kunye A. V. Druzhinin Kungekudala ezinjalo ezaziwayo-kakuhle, washiya imibhalo kunokuba ukumzukisa. Ngaphezu koko, phantsi koxinzelelo ka Turgenev, Fet zinceda ukukhulula incwadi entsha.

Enyanisweni, ukuba yonke imibongo ezibhaliweyo ngaphambili efanayo 1850. Ngowe ngo1856, emva kokuba kukhululwe yokuhlanganisela entsha, kwakhona batshintsha ubomi kunye nomsebenzi feta. Ngokufutshane ethetha, imbongi Nekrasov waqaphela. amazwi enkohliso abaninzi malunga Afanasiya feta yabhalwa nguye inkosi iincwadi Russian. Ngokuvuselelwa ezinjalo yimbongi indumiso aphezulu iphuhlise umsebenzi rough. It ishicilelwa phantse zonke iijenali zoncwadi, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo negalelo ekuphuculeni imeko yemali.

inkanuko romantic

zigcwaliswe ngcembe ngokukhanya kobomi kunye nomsebenzi feta. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo umnqweno wakhe - ukufumana isihloko ungunyana wabanumzana - kungekudala ukuba baqaphela. Kodwa ke, emva kokuba umthetho yasebukhosini ukunyusa bar kwakhona avelisa yezikhulu amafa. Ngoku, ukuze ufumane isikhundla awayesibawela, ukuba sele unyuselwe sikhulu. Le mbongi waqonda ukuba kuqhubeka ukuqhubeka ukutsala emkhosini awamthiya umtya nje ngamampunge.

Kodwa njengoko kudla ngokwenzeka, umntu akanako ukuthatha ezintweni zonke. Ngoxa kwi Ukraine, Fet wamenyelwa yokwamkela nabahlobo bakho Brzhevskim kunye ilifa elingummelwane wadibana ntombazane ngoko akazange eze ixesha elide entlokweni yakhe. Yaba imvumi enesiphiwo Elena Lazic, ogama italente nqa nkqu umqambi odumileyo Franz Liszt, tour ngoxa Ukraine.

Kwathi kanti, Elena waba admirer neqhayiya yesihobe feta, yena, naye, yahlaselwa ubuchule sentombazana zomculo. Kakade ke, ngaphandle romance akunakwenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso ubomi kunye nomsebenzi feta. Umxholo olushwankathelweyo inoveli yakhe Lazic ihambisana njani isivakalisi esinye: Abantu abatsha wayebathanda omnye komnye. Kodwa Fet adinwe kakhulu yokubandezeleka kwabo zemali kwaye ukuba kusonjululwe ngophuhliso ezinzulu. Imbongi izama ukucacisa iingxaki zabo Lazic, kodwa yena, njengawo onke amantombazana kule meko, ayiqondakali kahle usizi. FET njengokubhaliweyo okungenanto uxelela Elena ukuba emtshatweni uya kuba.

Ukufa kabuhlungu yakhe ayithandayo

Emva koko, uzama ukuba abone intombi yakhe. Ukushiya St. Petersburg, Athanasius uyaqonda ukuba aphumelele ubulolo ngokomoya obungunaphakade. Ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali-mbali, abafundi yobomi bakhe kwaye nasemsebenzini, Afanasiy Fet nokunganyanzelisi nto kakhulu wabhalela abahlobo ngomtshato, malunga uthando malunga Elena Lazic. Kungenzeka, yothando Fet isanda uziqhube uHelen, kungasayi umthwalo a ukuthandana.

Ngowe-1850, ngoxa utyelelo kwi Brzhevskih enye, yena abe nobuganga ukuya ibeyindawo ekufutshane ukuze isathe «i». Kamva Fet wazisola kakhulu malunga naloo nto. Inyani yokuba Elena kungekudala zafa kabuhlungu. Imbali ayithethi ukuba ingaba ekufeni kwakhe eyoyikekayo ukuzibulala okanye hayi. Kodwa inyani kukuba, le ntwazana bephila kwilifa.

FET ngokwakhe bafunda ngayo, xa kwakhona wayetyelele abahlobo bakhe. Oku kunjalo wothuswa ukuba phambi kokuphela ubomi bakhe imbongi ngokwakhe ugxeke kukufa Elena. Waye bathuthunjiswe kukuba angabi nako ukufumana awona mazwi achanekileyo wamqinisekisa nokucacisa indlela yakhe. Emva kokufa Lazic yaba eninzi amarhe, kodwa akukho namnye wakha kwaba inxaxheba feta ukuya kwesi siganeko lusizi.

Umtshato lula

Sazise ukugweba ukuba emkhosini, yena akunakwenzeka ukuba ukufikelela usukelo lwayo - isihloko ungunyana wabanumzana, Fet uthathe ikhefu elide. Ukuthatha nabo zonke iimali ezingasetyenziswanga, imbongi unqwenela ukuhamba lonke elaseYurophu. Ngowe-1857 e-Paris, ke ngequbuliso watshata Maria Petrovna Botkin, intombi zomrhwebi iti osisityebi, ngubani, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubengudade umgxeki boncwadi V. P. Botkina. Kuyabonakala ukuba, le umtshato ilungileyo lula, apho imbongi waphupha ixesha elide kangaka. Ababephila babuzwe malunga izizathu feta umtshato, yena wathi cwaka yokukhwitsa.

Ngowe-1858 Fet uza eMoscow. Waphinda ukoyisa iingcinga ukunqaba yezimali. Kuyabonakala ukuba, njengekhazi umfazi wakhe akazange ahlangabezane ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zawo. Imbongi wabhala lukhulu, elininzi ayisashicilelwa. Ngokufuthi inani pieces ayihambelani umgangatho wabo. Esi saziso kunye nabahlobo abasondeleyo, kunye ukuhlalutya uncwadi. Kakhulu ndaphelelwa ngumdla kwi imisebenzi feta kunye noluntu.

umnini-ndlu

Ehlabathini esifanayo ihamba kude ephithizelayo yase kwikomkhulu Lev Tolstoy. Kuse- e Yasnaya Polyana, yena uzama kwakhona iphefumlelwe. Mhlawumbi Fet wagqiba kwelokuba ukulandela umzekelo wakhe kohlala kwilifa lakhe Stepanovka. Maxa wambi kuthiwa ukuba kukho ubomi kunye nomsebenzi feta. izibakala umdla, Noko ke, kwafunyanwa kweli xesha. Ngokungafaniyo Tolstoy, ngubani ngokwenene ufumene umoya yesibini kweli phondo, Phet uncwadi ngaphezulu enaso. Ngoku abukhali kwi estate kunye noqoqosho.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho mhlaba wafumana ngokwenene ngokwakhe. Emva kwexesha elithile Fet livula nemfuyo yabo ngokuthenga namanene aliqela angqonge.

Athanasius Shenshin

Ngowe-1863 imbongi wapapasha ingqokelela encinci lyric. Nangona ejikeleza omncinane wahlala ndawonye. Kodwa benani abamelwane wayeyixabisa feta kwi uphawu eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Malunga 11 neminyaka uye waqhubeka umantyi elective ofisi.

Ubomi Nemisebenzi of Afanasiya Afanasevicha feta owayamileyo bekukho usukelo kuphela, ukuba lowo nto leyo ubenokuqina omangalisayo - ukubuyiselwa amalungelo ayo yezikhulu. Ngowe-1873 wapapasha umthetho, akubekileyo isiphelo kweminyaka engamashumi amane of ezinzima imbongi. It ilungiswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngokusemthethweni njengoko igosa lakomkhulu enegama Shenshin. Athanasius Afanasievich waqonda umfazi wakhe ukuba akazange ndifuna ukuthetha ngokuvakalayo wayithiya igama lakhe Fet.