Imephu Cognitive: ingqiqo, uphando, ingakumbi

Yintoni imephu kwengqondo, wancinwa njani na oko luphawulwa kunye nendima ayidlalileyo kubomi yengqondo womntu - kweli nqaku.

Yintoni imephu cognitive?

Man, uvumelane ehlabathini, ngokusebenzayo iyiguqule nokuphuhlisa ngokwabo iimpawu ezingundoqo yokuziphatha eza kumnceda ukuba ube nempumelelo. Yonke into eyenzekayo, yintoni intsebenziswano phakathi kwisifundo yaye saguqula, waba isiseko ukuvela nemifanekiso yakhe yokusingqongileyo lwendawo. Lo mfanekiso yimephu kwengqondo. Njengalo mntu ngokwakhe, imaphu ibonisa luluvo khethekileyo isikhundla sakhe kunye nendawo ekhoyo ngezinto ezisemfanekisweni.

Imephu Cognitive (okanye scheme kwengqondo) iye zilungelelanise yayo lomhlaba (phezulu, phantsi njalo njalo. D.) Kukweliphi zilungiselelwe izinto. Imephu kubaluleke kakhulu ngabantu, ukuvumela ukuba ukukhangela isithuba, ukuba iinjongo zokufikelela kuzo. umsebenzi Practical womntu wayeza kuba nzima kakhulu okanye engenakwenzeka ngaphandle ebonisa imeko esebenza kuwo.

imephu Cognitive iqulathe kuphela xa abadala zentetho phambili kunye nesakhono self-mkhanya. abantwana abancinane uphando yokuhlala ungalawula ngaphandle uncedo. Akukho kuphela umgangatho ezendeleyo izilwanyana avulwa ngexesha kumsebenzi wophando kunye kwengqondo.

Imvelaphi kombono

Le mbono "imephu cognitive" kwacetyiswa yi kwengqondo American E. Tolman. Oku kwenzeka ngasekupheleni-imi- 40 lwekhulu XX. Xa umsebenzi wakhe 'iimephu ngokwasengqondweni kumabuzi nabantu, "echaza iziphumo zophando malinikelwe kulo senzeko. Ngoko ke, lo ngengqondo waphawula ukuba iimpuku zibekwe ngendlela maze yaye baye bafumana indlela waphuma waya feeder, angawuphinda umendo okufanayo ukuqubha. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba usebenza ngokuvumelana imaphu yangaphakathi, indlela yezithuthi.

Esi sikimu sikuko abantu abanalo psyche, ngokusekelwe amava angaphambili. Luquka ezi iindlela, lebyikulu na iziqalelo bume, nto leyo echaphazela ngakumbi ukuziphatha kwabantu okanye isilwanyana. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba iimpuku zovavanyo kwabunjwa ipateni, izinto ezinxulumene-nkqubo, kunokuba ubuya nje umqokozo kukho imfuneko. Ukudala analogu engqondweni amakhadi ngokwasemzimbeni, Tolman ecetywayo ukuvala amehlo akho ngqondweni zingaphi iifestile kukho igumbi ethile.

theory Iimephu Tolman aqondwe njenge ngqo, Nakuba, yaye ukwahlula kwiinkqubo uphawu wadala ngumntu, leyo abuphilayo.

Ezinye iinkcukacha zesifundo

Uhlolisiso lubonisa ezinye imizila uphawu ekubunjweni kweemaphu cognitive:

• utyekelo zazi umgama oqhelekileyo babukele zaziwe kakuhle;
• utyekelo ukuqondisa iindlela zabo kancinane;
• utyekelo ndlela Ndawela indlela eya nkqo.

aluhlaza ezinjalo, umzekelo, kukhokelela ekubeni umgama phakathi kwiindawo ngaphakathi kwilizwe kubonakala incinane phakathi amanqaku ibekwe kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Nokuba umgama phakathi kwabo uyalingana.

theory kwengqondo

Theory ihambisane psychology kwengqondo, eziquka ithiyori imephu kwengqondo Tolman, njengoko kwicala esizimeleyo psychology kwavela 60s kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. World of Psychology Bulelani kule mfundiso zincediswa yi ukwazi ukuba ingqondo - iseti cognitive (cognitive level) imisebenzi. Iingcali zengqondo kunye oosonzululwazi cognitive ngoku ukusebenza isifundo yengqondo iinkqubo kwengqondo (yokucinga, imbono, ingqalelo, njl njl).

theory Cognitive iye indlela yayo uphando nokuziqhelanisa unyango. Ngenxa yoko, kwiitheraphisti cognitive bakholelwa ukuba zonke iinkqubo etshabalalisayo ngokwasengqondweni ebantwini zenzeka ngenxa ukunyhashwa iinkqubo zokufunda kunye self-ndaba izovela. Ngokomzekelo, umntu odandathekileyo, ukuphendula le mibuzo: "? Ndingubani na mna"; "? Yintoni na ikamva lam", uya ophambene kakhulu, iimpendulo self-deprecating. Ngoko ke umsebenzi cognitivist nabo ziya kujolisa ukulungisa iipatheni yokucinga ezichaphazela karhulumente nangokweemvakalelo yesigulana.

Imizekelo zeemephu cognitive

Imfundiso Iimephu cognitive ababini uhlobo lwazo;

• ikhadi endleleni njengoko kwindlela ethile owakhiwa ngayo izinto ezilandelelanayo, kunye nezinto ezinxulumene noko;
• imephu-uboniso njengoko ntetho ngaxeshanye zezinto ezikhoyo emajukujukwini.

Kuphuhliso lwabantu kuphucula iimephu zabo zokuqiqa, nto leyo inceda ukuba iqokelele, igcine ze lokuyivelisa iinkcukacha kwilungiselelo lwendawo yezinto. iinkqubo ezinjalo izazinzulu benomdla zenzululwazi ezininzi neemephu ngokwasengqondweni ngengqiqo elawulwa yi ekuyileni mntu, enyanisweni, ziyafana.

Owona mzekelo ngokumangalisayo "umsebenzi" imephu ephawulekayo umhambi wendlela oya kuba phezu umzila we imaphu, kwaye incopho yothelekiso lwangaphakathi. Kulo mzekelo, owasemzini ubeka engqondweni yakho uhambo lwakho, ngokusekelwe kwezinye iindawo ezingalibalekiyo zehlabathi ngaphandle (imithi, imiqondiso, iimpawu, njalo njalo). Ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo, nokuba emva kwexesha umntu 'abone' endleleni ababehamba kunye neempawu zayo.