Uphuhliso psychology kungenxa yotshintsho kuluntu kunye nenzululwazi

Kuba okokuqala nokuba uSocrates wachaza umahluko phakathi komzimba nomphefumlo. Yena yachaza umphefumlo isizathu, nto leyo ke ekuqaleni uThixo. Kwaba kumaxesha amandulo, uqala uphuhliso ngengqondo. USocrates wasivuna ingcamango yokungafi komphefumlo. Ngoko okwesihlandlo sokuqala kuye kubekho intshukumo ukuya ukuqonda owayenomdla ukwimo. Uphuhliso aphezulu nokuqonda kuso uPlato. Wadala imfundiso "iingcamango 'ukuba akaguquki, ongunaphakade, ukuba akukho imvelaphi kwaye akwenziwanga ngendlela nayiphi na into. Matter, ngokungafaniyo kubo, - le nto, yize, leyo xa kudityaniswe nayiphi ngcingane ube yinto. Inxalenye theory ndinamaphupha nemfundiso yomphefumlo, leyo isebenza Umatshini phakathi izimvo ekuqaleni nezinto. Soul - umoya wehlabathi, ukuba azalwe phambi kokuba umzimba.

Uphuhliso psychology akubanga wema ngxi. Kwinkulungwane XVII kwabonakala ezahlukeneyo esuka kwibhokisi methodological sele ezikhoyo - empiricism. Ngaphambi kokuba alawula ulwazi swi igunya namasiko, ngoku kubonwa kwamathandabuzo eyoyikekayo. Kukho izinto ezifunyaniswe ezibalulekileyo kunye nokuqonda on utshintsho zamvanje kwinkqubo yokucinga zenzululwazi. Kwengqondo e indlela ende imbali zophuhliso njengento inzululwazi yomphefumlo, ezingqondweni, psyche, ukuziphatha. Xa ngalinye kula magama inxulunyaniswa kunye nomxholo substantive kunye ngxabano bachasayo izimvo. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, wahlala kwindawo jikelele lwembono, ingcinga jikelele kwi ekudibaneni apho kukho iingcamango ezintsha ezahlukeneyo. Amaxesha kwengqondo yophuhliso ngokufuthi wema phandle ngaloo mihla, xa ekuhlaleni kukho naluphi na utshintsho, okanye iinkalo ezinxulumene - ifilosofi, amayeza - kwakukho izakhono ezitsha ukuba ukunika incopho yothelekiso ukutshintsha iimbono pre-ekhoyo. Umzekelo, kumaXesha Aphakathi, iingqiqo ezintsha zengqondo baba ngenxa nkulu Boomatshini nakwimathematika. Ingcamango yokuqala ngokwasengqondweni, wadala kunye zemathematika ubucukubhede, yaba Descartes. Kokuqwalasela umzimba njengento inkqubo oluzenzekelayo esebenzela zoomatshini. Ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo e kwicala eyahlukileyo waqhubeka Bacon, ababefuna ukucima i ingqondo zabantu ukususela ubandlululo kanye iinkolelo ukuba ecace. Ukuba ilizwi odumileyo: ". Ulwazi - amandla" Scientist wabiza isifundo zovavanyo zehlabathi, indima ephambili ekujongeni lo mba ngokuthatha experiment yakhe, hayi Eyokuqiqa nawazibonayo. Umntu uzuza amandla phezu ngemvelo, ngokuhlakanipha wacela kuye notsalo iimfihlakalo bakhe ngoncedo lwezixhobo ngokukodwa yasungulwa.

Uphuhliso kwengqondo e ngenkulungwane XVII ichazwe kule uphuhliso lwezenzululwazi zilandelayo:

- omzimba ophilileyo njenge inkqubo ngoomatshini apho kungekho ndawo naziphi na iimpawu ezifihlakeleyo okanye intliziyo;

- imfundiso nokuziqonda lokuba umthamo ngamnye ngokusebenzisa yokucupha zasekhaya ukufumana ulwazi kakhulu ezichanekileyo malunga ithi abo engqondo;

- imfundiso umsa njengokuba umalusi yokuziphatha ebekwe phantsi emzimbeni ukuba wathuma indoda yokuba kubalulekile ukuba kuye, ndazimela okubi;

- imfundiso ubudlelwane phakathi nokomzimba nangokwasengqondweni.

psychology ingakumbi kuphuhliso i XIX and XX ngekhulu kuphawulwa ukuvela iindlela ezintsha: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, psychology humanistic. I ngokukhawuleza nophuhliso loluntu kunye nenzululwazi, kwakunye kumaXesha Aphakathi kwaye Kwamandulo, kwabeka inkangeleko ibukeka yahlukile pre-ekhoyo. Ngeli xesha ume ngaphandle yaye ekugqibeleni kwasekwa ezahlukeneyo amasebe ngokwasengqondweni inzululwazi.