Imfundiso yenkolo ngemvelaphi ngurhulumente kumaXesha Aphakathi

Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwakukho eyahlukileyo kakhulu kwithiyori ngemvelaphi karhulumente kunye nomthetho. Xa lithi ezininzi East yamandulo, umzekelo, kwakukholelwa ukuba ezi iziqalelo inkqubo yezopolitiko akuzange kwenzeke ngenxa kuphuhliso ubuhlobo babantu, wammisa kwakhona. Xa iBhabhiloni yamandulo, iYiputa, China, umlawuli, ukumkani, umlawuli njengento ummeli woothixo emhlabeni, unyana ka ezulwini, nkqu ngumfuziselo woothixo. Wayenazo iimpawu yamandla otshatsheleyo indlela engcwele. Njengoko bakholwa ukuba abantu ezulwini waququzelela isiphithiphithi ekwakuphila, wadala ihlabathi, kunye nabalawuli basemhlabeni njengoothixo, kwafuneka ukuba amalungiselelo yaye liququzelele ubomi emhlabeni.

Lidla umntu sifunda ukuba ingcamango zenkolo ze ngemvelaphi karhulumente kunye nomthetho weyisa kumaXesha Aphakathi phantsi kwempembelelo entshonalanga, inguqulelo yesiLatini ubuKristu, yaba ingcamango leyo ezisa ukuba deification amaziko amandla. Kumanqaku yenzululwazi kunye namajelo zibhekisela amazwi kampostile uPawulos ukuba akukho amandla asingowakwaThixo, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba angenise urhulumente osekwe ngokuthanda kukaThixo. Noko ke, xa athe le ngxaki ngokuzimisela, siza kubona ukuba eneneni kwaba ixeshana nzima ngakumbi.

aphakathi kumazwe eNtshona Yurophu akazange kuyenza iqumrhu eyodwa monolithic. Xa xesha feudalism yaba eninzi amanqanaba ibhodi ezinxulumene nenkqubo ubudlelwane wayenguphum edidayo. Ukongeza amagunya ezibe athweswe kunye umlawuli ezininzi nookumkani (ngokufuthi abaphathi zangaphambili kuphela ngegama), ukubalwa, viscounts kunye nezinye iinkosana, bekukho amandla kuleCawe nomlawuli wempangelo (i emthembisa, uBhishophu kaThixo, Episcopal, njalo njalo). Zonke ezi zifundo ziye kudityaniswe omnye njengoko nakuwubona kunye nobudlelwane encedisayo. Ngoko ke imfundiso zenkolo ngemvelaphi ngurhulumente yayikhona ezahlukeneyo eziliqela.

Okokuqala, kwakukholelwa ukuba imvelaphi yaphezulu iziko likarhulumente lonke ngokubanzi kunye sezulu, ezifana lobukhosi okanye udidi yeengcungcu yasemkhosini. Ngaphezu koko, amagama uMpostile yaguqulelwa yaza evakalayo ngendlela yokuba kuphela amandla lenene, owaphulelwa nguThixo. Ndabona ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, yaye izimvo nezahlukahlukeneyo ngalo mba. Elaye loyisa ngayo kuluntu aphakathi kwe yamaRoma Katolika wayekholelwa ukuba ingcamango ubufundisi ye ngemvelaphi karhulumente ukuzithethelela ukongamela kwalowo abangooBhishophu yamaRoma ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye abasemagunyeni. Abaninzi kwezo minyaka amagqwetha likapopu wabhala azibhala lonke uPope uthatha bukaThixo emhlabeni, yaye kuba nguye nokumkani njengowongamileyo, nookumkani kunye nabalawuli - akhonze bakhe.

Asingabo bonke abalawuli nabathetheli, kuquka abo ezincinane, kwavunyelwana nale mbono. Ngokomzekelo, abalawuli aphakathi rhoqo ligcwaliswe kwaye walwa kunye oopopu ngamandla wempangelo, ethe yabonakalisa kumzabalazo omde ukuze investiture. neenkosi ezininzi ezincinane feudal nje ngokuchaseneyo nabaveleli abbots kwingxabano ezininzi umhlaba ezinxulumene impahla. Kwaye ukususela kumaxesha yamaRoma iyilungele ethandwa kakhulu umKristu uye kuvinjwa amandla, pauperitas, udela, nangenxa uso ezininzi zonqulo nokuba bashumayela ukuba imfundiso zenkolo ngemvelaphi urhulumente akunanto yakwenza inyaniso. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umbhali we yonke elinegunya kobunganga kunye ngaphantsi kunokuba kuphela 'umphathi weli hlabathi ", oko kukuthi, uMtyholi lo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha Western aphakathi kumazwe aseYurophu Gothic, wabhala mbali ezaziwayo-kakuhle British Robert waphi, ukuba enze "intshutshiso luluntu." Uninzi kokuphikisa iingcamango zonqulo kunye nezopolitiko wayelugweba kuleCawe heretical, bonke ukuxhathisa abathintela, kwaye iintsapho yeengcungcu, nkqu ubukhosi komlawuli, apho wamelana - kutshatyalaliswa. Yaba imfundiso ezibalaseleyo zezakwalizwi ngemvelaphi karhulumente, ekuyinto Foma Akvinsky. Le umphengululi idumileyo owadala iziseko bulumko yamaKatolika, kakhulu, ingqalelo urhulumente indalo kaThixo, ofuna ukwakha ihlabathi uyigcine kuyo ukuze. Noko ke, bathi (kubandakanywa monarchical) amandla wempangelo unembinana nje kuphela imvelaphi kuThixo, ukuba icawa kunye nekrele emhlabeni sikhusela ngabefundisi ukuzuza oko ikrele ngokomoya.