Imfundo njengomba yokukhula koqoqosho

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba uqoqosho lukhula ngcono, ayanda umgangatho kunye nomgangatho wemfundo, nto leyo kunciphisa izinga lentswelo ngqesho kwaye maxa wambi kwandisa sempilo.

Ababhali-mbali abaninzi kwezoqoqosho, wabonisa unxulumano phakathi ukunwenwa kwe zemfundo kumazwe ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini ekuqaleni kokukhula kwezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, Easterlin wafumanisa ukuba, njengokuba umthetho, kufuneka kwiminyaka 25-30 emva kubuyiselo yemfundo kwilizwe ekuqaleni ukwandisa kakhulu kuqoqosho.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umgangatho wemfundo Russian (zombini ezizisekondari kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo), sele lehlile kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Oku kuboniswa ootitshala kunye nabafundi ngokwabo. Ngaphambili, imfundo yethu umona kwehlabathi. ESoviet Union wayengomnye lamaziko eziphambili kwimfundo yobugcisa, intombazane Russian ngoku oneminyaka engama-15 ubudala yemathematika malunga kwinqanaba elifanayo njengoko elivisayo American.

Imfundo nempembelelo enamandla kuqoqosho lwelizwe, njengoko ukwanda imeko yengqesho ekhoyo kule ndawo. Ukongeza, ukuyilwa yeprojekthi ibenomtsalane kakhulu mali kunye, ngokuyinxenye, ngenxa yomsebenzi (ngenxa yokuba kule ndawo, siya "sikhule" iingcali ezintsha). Iminyaka emininzi, umgangatho wemfundo eRashiya kubalulekile. Nabani na ufumane imfundo kwekhululekileyo ubomi. inkqubo yemfundo ephakamileyo baba imisebenzi engakholelekiyo ootitshala, ootitshala, izazinzulu, ngababengandifuni inzuzo kweli shishini ngokwabo - inkqubo enjalo oluthembekileyo!

Namhlanje, imfuno ephakamileyo lemfundo ayibangelwa ngumnqweno abantu abatsha ukuba bafunde ze bafumane ulwazi, kodwa kuphela nje usana kunina, "ngoko ke kuyimfuneko", "abazali ',' kulenga emkhosini." Kukho olunye uluvo lokuba idiploma lwemfundo ephakamileyo - ngundoqo kwimpumelelo umsebenzi. Noko ke, oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni unciphiso ebonakalayo nezidingo umgangatho kwinkqubo yokufunda, yokwanda usiko kwiiyunivesithi reception zorhwebo. Kakade ke, ukusekwa kwe amasebe kwiidolophu ezincinane iye isonjululwe ingxaki zokwamkelwa kwiyunivesithi abantu bamazwe, kodwa ngoku ndimoyisile ukuba abafundi kuloo nto? - No. Oku kwakhokelela ukuba buthathaka kwiimfuno njengoko kubafundi kunye abasebenzi abangootitshala. Kwaye ke lemfundo lolwazi abafundi zephondo ngeendlela ezininzi nganto ukuba ulwazi lwabafundi ezidolophini.

Ulwazi ukuba abafundi esikolweni, sisiseko esiluqilima ukuqhubela phambili kwimfundo ephakamileyo. ulwazi olutsha unikwa okubonakalayo kulula kakhulu, ekubeni ulwazi luhlobo umxokelelwane, omnye enyanzeliswa phezu kwelinye, okukhulu ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ngoko ke, abo bafundi abathe ubuchule ngempumelelo ikharityhulam - Akukho nzima ukufunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kuba akukho "amabala amhlophe".

Kukholelwa ukuba inqanaba elungileyo imfundo amaxesha kwandisa amathuba okufumana ukungena eyunivesithi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kwandisa ukufikeleleka kwemfundo ephakamileyo. Ntoni namhlanje?! Xa sincokola ngayo utshintsho yemfundo, into yokuqala ethi qatha engqondweni - iimviwo.

Kakade ke, eyona njongo iphambili yale ezintsha (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha benesizathu kuphela) liyahlonyelwa ekulweni urhwaphilizo ukwamkelwa eyunivesithi. Kodwa ngaba ngokwenene?

Ukuba ngaphambili, urhwaphilizo wabonakaliswa ukungafaneleki yikomiti yokhetho, kodwa namhlanje kuqala iye yasiwa phambili izifundo, yaye benza kwayo bonke abameli imiyalelo efanayo, athembise abazali bakhathazekile ukuba umntwana wabo emva kwesikolo kanye ukuya eyunivesithi uqingqo-mali. Imali evela isipaji lwabazali nangoku avuza, njengoko kwakunjalo ngaphandle uviwo, kodwa ngoku izandi njongo kakhulu elunge - Kwathi iimviwo, kunye kokugqitywa ngempumelelo isixhobo - waza evela eyunivesithi. Namhlanje high school abanezidanga ekupheleni lulodwa nje yokuqala ekufunyanweni kolunye ulwazi kunye nempumelelo abapasa iimviwo. Kunye nonikezo ngempumelelo uviwo olunye akuqinisekisi inqanaba eliphezulu ulwazi. Okokuqala - oku ukhetho izakhono waqeqesha impendulo echanekileyo evela iindlela ezine. Bathi ngenxa izinto ezimbi uya kwenza imveliso elungileyo, ngenxa yokuba abafundi abo, ndoxelelwa ngubani ukuthetha,-izinga yesibini izinto ekrwada, ingaba mihle iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu?! Ngoko ke, njengokuba iingcali ezinjalo ziya kuba nako ukusebenza uqoqosho lweli lizwe?!

Agasti 25, 2003, eMoscow yasingatha intlanganiso ootitshala Agasti ', apho, ngoku owayesakuba Mayor Moscow uYuri Luzhkov wathetha uviwo: "Ukuqala ivavanywe kwiiklasi zabafundi abadala, siye endaweni umgaqo sithandabuze umgaqo koviwo. CSE kundikhumbuza umdlalo kwi thimbles kwisikhululo. Kodwa ukuba kwisikhululo, zingabuthisi kuphela imali, apha - isizukulwana esitsha ".

Eluntwini yangoku nkulu, akukho namnye onyanzelisa kubonelelwa kuphela amathuba uphuhliso: Ingaba ufuna ukufunda kwaye kufuneka bafundiswe - ukufunda, andifuni - akwenze. Akukho bantu ezinye endaweni yazo. Kodwa kuluntu bobusoshiyali wathabatha iivoti phezu laggards, wanceda, banduluka up.

Ngowe-1970, i-eSoviet Union iye eyabelwe imfundo-7% of GDP, naseRashiya sele 3.4% ngo-1994 (kuyimfuneko ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo into yokuba GDP ngo-1994 lacuthwa ngesiqingatha, kwakunye amaxabiso ekuphumeni phantse ngamaxesha-2 emva kokuba Agasti 1998) ngoko kuphela ikota iindleko eSoviet Union). Ngoxa kumazwe aphuhlileyo simi 5.3-5.5%. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, imfundo kuthatha malunga ne-0.75% ye-GDP.

Namhlanje yonke into itshintshile: imigangatho yemfundo kunye esweni ulwazi abafundi. Kwangaxeshanye, ukunciphisa inani namaziko emfundo ephakamileyo ukuba zitshintshele (imigangatho), wazisa Bachelor kunye njalo njalo. Phantse zonke ezi nguqulelo ukudideka: uphuhliso kwezi ezintsha ichithwe mali irekhodi, kodwa umgangatho wokwazi ukuba nje kuphela siyongezwa, koko ke, yenza kakhulu isiphazamiso zombini ootitshala kunye nabafundi.

Imfundo kwimfundo ephakamileyo kufuneka baphuhlise ubuchule umfundi ukuba aqonde, ukucinga. I-graduate kufuneka ibe oyingcaphephe oqeqeshwe kakhulu, ngubani na ukwenza izigqibo zabo, ukuba benze izinto ezifunyaniswe, ukuba udale into entsha, ukufumana iindlela ezintsha zokusombulula iingxaki, nokwenza oku, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kufuneka ukuba bafundise ukuba acinge. Kwaye ngcono kakhulu ukuba le nqubo ngeke nje eyunivesithi, kodwa isikolo, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela iingcali ezinjalo kufuneka ukususela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ngoko akukho uhlobo esiqhele.

Isiza likaRhulumente Secretariat yolawulo US, kukho inqaku mncinane: "abafundi International igalelo ngonyaka kuqoqosho United States igalelo $ 11 ezigidi." Nanku omnye ubungqina ukuba "izandla ofanelekileyo" imfundo i "umondli" ezibalulekileyo lonke ilizwe.

Namhlanje, imfundo luya amandla ebalulekileyo kunye nemveliso yezopolitiko ozakuzo. Kumazwe aphuhlileyo, baye bafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ukuchitha kwezemfundo - azikho iindleko mali njengoko enjalo, utyalo-mali! Abantu abane imfundo ephakamileyo kuzisa inani eliphezulu GDP, yaye ezo ndleko zivuma.

Ngoko ke, imfundo ithatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho, oko kukuthi uphando kunye nophuhliso. Amaziko iingcali uloliwe, ulwazi eya kuhlangabezana neemfuno kwimalike yabasebenzi. ubuchule Human zidlala indima enkulu kwimveliso. Kodwa ke imfuno ephakamileyo emfundo ephakamileyo kuqulathe ukuba ukwamkelwa yandile ukuya kwiiyunivesithi nge cash (uRhwebo), kwaye ngenxa yoko - ukwehliswa komgangatho wemfundo. Plus, lonke waphawula "ungatshoni" Abantu abalungileyo, "ukwaluphala" lootitshala.

Imisebenzi ephambili ekufuneka isonjululwe ukuze ukuxhoma umgangatho wemfundo:

1.usovershenstvovanie inkqubo yemfundo.

2.obnovlenie iinqwelwana, apho le nkqubo yoqeqesho.

3. Uqeqesho lwabasebenzi abangootitshala

isibonelelo 4.dostatochnoe nguRhulumente lwamaziko ezizodwa zobungcali.

Ngoko ke, ukuze kuphuculwe indlela inkqubo yemfundo ukufikelela kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusombulula yonke le mingeni. Ngapha koko, umgangatho wemfundo, ulwazi, umgangatho kunye isiqinisekiso lwabasebenzi iya kukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukukhula ngokuqina kwamandla ukukhuphisana kuqoqosho.

wohlelo:

1. Inqanaba lemfundo kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. [Resource Electronic]. - http://gtmarket.ru/laboratory/expertize/2006/475

2. Yithi akufani karhulumente emanyeneyo. [Resource Electronic]. - http://www.trinitas.ru/rus/doc/0012/001a/00120100.htm

3. E. Hanushek, L. Wessman. Indima umgangatho wemfundo ekukhuleni koqoqosho. - 2007 - [121, 127, 141].

4. Rastorguyeva Umgangatho NF Education - isitshixo ukhuphiswano isidanga / NF Rastorguyeva // imfundo ephakamileyo eRashiya. - 2009. - № 1. - [87, 89, 93]