System Education Abroad: Imbali

Xa kwimbali Imfundo yasezikolweni apha eNtshona Yurophu kunye United States kukho amaxesha amaninzi umdla zemfundo mihla Russian.

inkqubo yezemfundo eNtshona Yurophu kunye United States kwasekwa phantsi kwempembelelo enamandla lokubhaqwa zesayensi yemvelo Ekuveleni XIX - XX iinkulungwane, kuqukwa bengqondo umntwana. Ngeli xesha, ingqele ekuqaleni Reformed pedagogy, uninzi lweengcamango ezihambelana kunye nemfuno kule mihla.

ukufundisa ugqirha Italian Maria Montessori uye wanikela ifomula "isekelwe phezu komntwana." iindlela Swedish umbhali E.Key esekelwe ngemiphumo yendalo - nokudalwa loqheliso lokuphuhlisa amandla endalo yomntwana. Utitshala American Dzhon Dyui yaba ngunozala yendlela pedagogy iiprojekthi ezijoliswe kwizakhono zobomi practical.

Ngeli xesha, ngokubonakalayo ukuqulunqa izikhokelo ezintsha esikolweni, "action yesikolo" Agasti UWilhelm Lai eJamani, i "School yobomi ebomini" O.Dekroli eFransi. Amafama nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe zemfundo iintshukumo abazazisayo inkululeko, imfundo prirodosoobraznosti kunye noqeqesho. Kwindawo yokuqala - iimfuno zemfundo yabafundi, ezingqanyaniswe umntu, ukukhuthaza umsebenzi.

Inkqubo yeklasi-task zemveli seyihlatywe amadlala ngenxa yommiselo okungqongqo kwenkqubo yokufunda kunye neentsilelo kwizenzo bomntwana.

"Reformed" pedagogy zavelisa kuhlaziywe iinkqubo zemfundo zemveli eYurophu kunye USA. Kwiminyaka 40-60 kwinkulungwane XX iqala ngokutsha enkulu imfundo yesikolo. Xa intliziyo utshintshwano baqalisa njengoko sizama kwiindima ukufunda, abantu abazimeleyo, ubugcisa abakwaziyo ukusebenza kwinqanaba ngobuchwepheshe. Enye kwicala utshintsho - nokudalwa yemfundo jikelele multivariate.

Ukuhlaziywa kwemfundo American ngo-1961 ukubeka phambili umgaqo mandatory "iinqwelwana zantlanu": ulwimi IsiNgesi kunye noncwadi, kwimathematika, isayensi yemvelo, ezentlalo, ubunjineli computer. Ezinye izifundo - izifundo imbalo, apho kwakukho malunga namawaka.

Inkqubo yemfundo eJamani, kakhulu, iye yaba "izinto ezisisiseko kunye nezifundo imbalo", yaye bakwaziswa inkangeleko entsha - zobugcisa, ezolimo, yobugcisa kunye netheknoloji, umculo, kunye eziluncedo.

ENgilani, utshintshwano ezinjalo kwamkhathaza kwizikolo zikarhulumente. Inkqubo yemfundo jonga ngolu hlobo: 50% yexesha esikolweni enikelwe ulwimi IsiNgesi noncwadi, imathematika, inkolo, imfundo ngokomzimba; 50% - Imiqulu enjengezifundo ezinyanzelekileyo enkomfeni - ezoluntu, zenzululwazi zendalo, izibalo.

Inkqubo kwimfundo US ukuba iinguqu kwicala ukusebenza nabantwana unesiphiwo kwinqanaba neenkqubo zikarhulumente. "Supersady" wabonakala abantwana abakrelekrele ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu. Izikolo ezikhethiweyo abantwana abanetalente (isibaluli - ukukwazi ukucinga ngaphandle ibhokisi) kwaye zavavanywa. Malunga 35 amawaka abafundi abakrelekrele kufumana ukukhululwa zokwamkeleka yunivesithi ziphambili kweli lizwe. Ukulungiselela isikolo elizayo zadalwa inkqubo karhulumente "Isiqalo" yaye "Sesame" ihlelwe apho kwiiklasi kokuya esikolweni abantwana, yaye kwakukho 130 iinkqubo zikamabonwakude zokufundisa for eyodwa.

Kwiminyaka 60-80 kwinkulungwane XX, inkqubo yemfundo kwamanye amazwe nempembelelo kakhulu izikolo zovavanyo eziye ihlolwe ezintsha iindlela zokufundisa.

"Vula School" zokufundisa liziko yexesha elizeleyo: kwisiqingatha sokuqala - izifundo kwisiqingatha sesibini - izifundo zeqela (theatre, iihambo, ukuzoba, ehamba).

"School Ngaphandle Walls" sasiza elandelayo ngaphandle kokongeza kwiindleko ukuba ukunciphisa ubungakanani eklasini kunye nokwandisa umdla kwinkqubo yokufunda. Uphononongo lwamacandelo ezingundoqo ukuthatha indawo ezikolweni, kunye nezifundo ababekhethiwe zaqhutywa kwii izityalo mveliso, ii-ofisi, njl

"Isikolo ezizezinye" eUnited States waba inkqubo iklasi-sifundo nokuchasanisa - umfundi ngamnye isicwangciso uqeqesho ngamnye; umsebenzi kumaziko ophando, amathala eencwadi, amaziko olondolozo lwembali; inxaxheba yabazali kwinkqubo yoqeqesho.

Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba inkqubo yemfundo kwamanye amazwe ekhulisa kwi ejongisele humanistic, swi nga nakuphuhliso lobume abantwana, ngokunjalo kokuba ngokubanzi zaziswa zemfundo ezizodwa kunye lokufunda izifundo ezikhethiweyo.