Imisebenzi kunye neenjongo ze sezomthetho

Makhe sithethe ngoko luxanduva ngokusemthethweni. Ingcinga zicwadi kunzima kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nommi. Kubaluleke kangakanani lamakhonkco? Kuba ngaphezu onke amanyathelo kunye neendlela nempembelelo karhulumente kwi umoni. Kuba izenzo zabo njengabemi abanoxanduva phambi komthetho. Kwaye kananjalo uluntu. Le ke inkalo yokuziphatha (isazela). Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ntoni na imbopheleleko yomthetho. Ingcinga, iinjongo, imigaqo ezi ubudlelwane ziya kuqwalaselwa yi kuthi ngokweenkcukacha. Ke ...

uxanduva ezithembisayo emva

Kukho ingqikelelo uxanduva ezintle. Sinokuthi ukuba yimfuneko ukwenza imithetho zomthetho, ukuphendula iziphoso zabo kunye ityala ukuba umntu angenza kwixesha elizayo. Kunye nale mthetho ukwahlula uxanduva emva. Sele ebekwe kuba izenzo azenzileyo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ukusetyenziswa violator yimpembelelo amanyathelo karhulumente, izohlwayo esemthethweni ityala.

Added a uhlobo ubudlelwane phakathi kukarhulumente kunye ngummi enetyala, apho iqela lokuqala umfanekiso kwabasemagunyeni abachaphazelekayo ingawisa isohlwayo ukuze umntu ukuze kubuyiselwe umthetho nocwangco. Umhlaseli, nazo, kufuneka kugwetywa, kwaye ke ngoko evinjwa izibonelelo ezithile, obuquka emibi. Yiphi na?

Imiphumo sezomthetho

Imiphumo inokuba nomahluko:

1. Personal (umz, entolongweni okanye isohlwayo).
2. Ipropati, ezifana izohlwayo, impahla nokuhlutha (ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye) kunye m. P.
3. Igama. Oku kuquka lokululeka okanye ukurhoxiswa naziphi na mabhaso.
4. beziko (ukuhluthwa ofisi, umbutho lokuvala).
5. Kwakhona neziphumo ukuba kungenzeka.

Ingcamango jikelele sezomthetho

sezomthetho ngokuqhelekileyo ngenkani-state umlinganiswa. Ngokuqinisekileyo ezinxulumene uswele, yaye oko kukhatshwa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto umonakalo mthetho othile usongela umda ezithile inkululeko kunye nomdla.
amanyathelo karhulumente kule ndawo zokunyanzeliswa zenziwa ngaphandle ngokungqongqo ngokomthetho. Izifundo ze sezomthetho - kodwa ke enkundleni, amapolisa, iofisi yomtshutshisi kunye nezinye ii-arhente ababandakanyekayo ingqalelo amatyala. Ityala nga kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile: alikho semthethweni elo izenzo, iphutha olungqiniweyo, sabangela umonakalo, unxulumano imbangela phakathi isenzo kunye isiphumo.

Ngenxa yoko, sezomthetho:

1. Ngokusekelwe ukunyanzela karhulumente (uhlobo okunyanzelisa regulations zomthetho).
2. Oku kuza emva kokuba ikhomishini betyala, kukho ingxoxo yoluntu.
3. Kuchazwe kukuvela neziphumo ezibi ukuba umoni, leyo inyanzelekile ngaye, nokuba wayengekho ukuya ikhomishini lokwaphula umthetho. Ukungalali unokuba ngobuntu kunye nempahla.
4. Wenziwa ngendlela yenkqubo.

sezomthetho: ingqiqo, iimpawu, izinto,

Siye sahlolisisa kanye ingqiqo kobudlelwane ezinjalo, kodwa ngoku makhe sithethe ngayo izinto.

sezomthetho:

1. Ebekwe kuphela ezo izenzo kulawulwa ngumthetho.
2. Iza kuphela ezo zenzo ukuba azenzileyo, hayi injongo.
3. Ebekwe yi-arhente ezithile zikarhulumente.
4. Inika wobubi obuphathekayo ityala ukuze imisebenzi yakhe.
5. Kuba umthetho omnye umntu uphendula kanye kuphela.

Zonke ezi mpawu inegunya. Xa kungekho namnye kubo bathi ukuba akukho sezomthetho.

Siseko, imisebenzi, iinjongo uxanduva zomthetho

Uxanduva - imfuneko ukuthatha umoni ngaphambili ezinikezelwa yi izohlwayo karhulumente kungekudala. imfuneko yayo nasekutsaleni umdla wabakhenkethi ibonakala imisebenzi. Imisebenzi kunye neenjongo zobutyala zomthetho lukwa yinxalenye yalo mthetho. Makhe lo mba ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

Ngoko ke, kukho le misebenzi ilandelayo yoxanduva ngokomthetho:

1. Sazela (okwabizwa ngokuba isohlwayo). injongo yawo - ukuthintela uphindaphindo izenzo ezinjalo kwixesha elizayo, ukuze enze isenzo lesohlwayo ngenxa yezenzo zabo.
2. Okubuyisela (ukuba abuyekeze ilahleko, buyisela ilungelo yephule, njalo njalo. D.).
3. Zemfundo, nto leyo yindlela yomsebenzi lokuthintela kunye namatyala.
4. Ethutyana - ukujonga inyathelo elifanelekileyo kumatshini ummiselo osemthethweni, ukuba ube yinxalenye hlengiso, omnye iindlela ezininzi efuthe kumgaqo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo kunye noluntu.
5. Wabathengi. Sisebenza njengendlela yokukhusela kunye nokukhuselwa komthetho nocwangco sikarhulumente.
6. Chastnopreventivnaya. Ukusetyenziswa amanyathelo ngokuchasene nomoni luthintela kwizenzo ezinjalo kwixesha elizayo.
7. Obschepreventivnaya. Isohlwayo ngummi nokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho kwicala namanye amalungu oluntu.

Njengoko kuqondwe ukusuka ngentla apha, zonke sezomthetho kunye umsebenzi zibaluleke ngokulinganayo ngenxa yokuba iinjongo ngawo ukusebenza.

izimiso

entsimini zomthetho nezobudlelwane iingcali ezichaza ukuba imigaqo, imisebenzi, iinjongo uxanduva esemthethweni ibhijelene ngokusondeleyo kunye nabanye. Ngaphezu koko, ezi ngqikelelo ayisekho ngaphandle. Asiyi uphikise eziluncedo, zama nje ukuqinisekisa, nangona kwakubekwe ke. iingongoma ezimbini esele ngazo, yiya wesithathu.

Imigaqo sezomthetho, amisele imithetho yalo nemida, bekuthi. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezona ziphambili:

1. Umgaqo kusemthethweni. Ingaba ngokweemfuno zokusebenza ezichanekileyo kwaye ngcembe umthetho ekuphumezeni yolwaphulo yamakhaya lolawulo uxanduva,,, oluleko. Ukuthobela nezi mfuno - imeko eyimfuneko ekuphumezeni iinjongo kobudlelwane ezinjalo.
2. Ulungiso-liability siseko. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa ummi ayikwazanga kwangaphambili uya kuba yintoni na iziphumo isenzo sakhe, yaye asifuni ukuba beze, ayikwazanga ukulawula izenzo zakhe, uxanduva lwasemthethweni ayinayo.
3. Justice. Lijongene isenzo kabi lowo wenza oko. Kuko konke oku kubohlwaya enetyala lokwaphula lo mthetho elifanayo ukuze kube kanye kuphela, yaye ukuqeshwa isohlwayo kufuneka athathe ingqalelo ubungqongqo ulwaphulo-mthetho. Umthetho ngokuseka ukuba nobutyala okanye nasekuphuculeni ngayo, ingenakusetyenziswa kulophulo retroactively.
4. Individualization. It ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe iindlela ezahlukeneyo yempembelelo zomthetho, kuthathelwa ingqalelo inqanaba ingozi loluntu lo mthetho, uhlobo nobuntu iimeko ummangalelwa, zokuthomalalisa kunye mandundu.
5. Akunakuphepheka. Oku kuthetha ukuba uhlaselo ayintsonkothanga, lo akunakuphepheka yoxanduva. Apha siye kakhulu malunga izohlwayo mandatory kubaphuli ukuthetha hayi (abadala, abantwana, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, ukusetyenziswa kwala manyathelo akusoloko kufanelekile) njenge abasabela zicacileyo imizimba kunye namagosa esihambelanayo. Lo mthetho kufuneka zenziwe esidlangalaleni, yaye umoni kuxhomekeke ukuba basole kwaye ekugwetyweni ngakwicala amabhunga zonyanzeliso lomthetho (malunga bantu nokugwetywa olukhankanywe apha ngasentla iya kusetyenziswa imiqathango okanye anike).
6. eqala uxanduva. Lo mgaqo ithi xa ixesha phakathi ekuqaleni umthetho yaye isohlwayo kuba mkhulu kakhulu, izohlwayo sele ezingabalulekanga, akwenzi ngqiqo, lingenako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zangoku kwezentlalo.
7. Ukuhlola. zonke iinkcukacha zeli tyala, nezibalulekileyo ngengqiqo zomthetho kufuneka ifakwe.
8. Bona. Ngokutsho imithetho, onyulwe isohlwayo uya ikwazi ukukhawulelana kakuhle eli mthetho kunye neemeko apho ityala alenzileyo.

imigomo uxanduva

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, umsebenzi esixubusha zomthetho nezobudlelwane ngenxa iinjongo zabo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zihlobene. Ngoko ke, siya yiya kwinyathelo elilandelayo umxholo wethu. Ziyintoni iinjongo ze sezomthetho? bafuna nje ukuba uqaphele ukuba uninzi lwabo. Noko ke, bonke unento ofana. Yintoni kanye kanye? Iinjongo eziphambili zobutyala wobugqwetha ekubuyiseleni ucwangco ekuhlaleni, ngenxa yobubi enetyala kwaye, kakade, ubulungisa. Ngoku, makhe sixubushe ngokweenkcukacha zonke ezi ngongoma.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokuba disclosure ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi yesihloko "uxanduva lwezoMthetho: iimpawu, izinto 'kufuneka uqale ngohlaziyo indima unxulumano enjalo eluntwini. Enye Wiener wabhala ukuba de uluntu asibikho isigqibo ukuba ufuna kubaphuli - yokugquma, kwetu, imfundo - kuya kuba ukudideka kunye chaos apho ubani ivelisa ulwaphulo-mthetho ngakumbi. Iinjongo sezomthetho, ngoko - yinto imbonakaliso igqibeleleyo abadlali imodeli uluntu phezu iziphumo zezenzo zabo. Kuyinto ukuba abakhomba umlinganiswa yezenzo zokufikelela kuzo. Kodwa kukho ezinye bokuqonda.

Okokuqala, kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba sezomthetho siwiswa ukohlwaya umoni ubulungisa. Kakade ke, lo mgaqo "Iliso maliphindezelwe ngeliso" uyile ixesha elide ngaphambili, kodwa ingcamango impindezelo ngenxa izinto ezenziwe khona; Ngokwendalo, isohlwayo ixhomekeke ubungqongqo bolwaphulo mthetho.

Okwesibini, iinjongo uxanduva zomthetho nayo kwimfundo kwakhona kwawo umoni, ngokunjalo esebenza ejolise ekuthinteleni ikhomishini onke la matyala kwi ngummi elizayo. Emva kokubuyela entolongweni okanye emva kokuba intlawulo isohlwayo ngumntu apha ekuhlaleni, yaye uyaqhubeka ukuhlala kunye nomsebenzi. Le uluntu nomdla yokuba nezikhundla zayo abantu bahlala isohlwayo enomsindo, yaye uye waqaphela ityala lakhe.

Okwesithathu, uxanduva esemthethweni lisetyenziswa kwaye iinjongo zemfundo ukuze bonke abanye ukunqanda izenzo ezingekho mthethweni inxalenye yawo. Kungenjalo, ukuba babethwe kwaye anqunyulwe ubutyebi zabo.

Okwesine, ezifana ubutyala ijolise ukubuyisela imeko ixhoba, ukuba imbuyiselo ngenxa ilahleko eziphathekayo kunye umonakalo yokuziphatha.

Ngenxa yoko, iinjongo uxanduva esemthethweni kukugcina ngesakhiwo ezikhoyo eluntwini kunye nezithethe womda lomthetho.

Types of sezomthetho

Siye sahlolisisa ukuba imbopheleleko yomthetho onjalo. Le njongo yaye kuhlangene. The degree of uxanduva nokohlwaywa kusoloko ixhomekeka ubungqongqo bolwaphulo mthetho. Okulandelayo, cinga iindidi sezomthetho.

1. Criminal. Iza kuphela ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho. Zokudlulisela - Lilungelo leSebe i lentendelezo. Kuphela lo mzimba imisela isohlwayo.

Ityala elichazwayo izenzo ayingozi eluntwini ukuba zichazwe kwi Code Criminal. In Art. 14 Code Criminal zinika inkcazelo ecacileyo kolu luvo. Kuba kunika amanyathelo zonyanzelo kakhulu ezinzima kakhulu zinqanda amalungelo ummi, wagwetyelwa (ukuhluthwa amalungelo nenkululeko, kungekhona ixesha elifutshane zomsebenzi, izohlwayo). Kulo mzekelo, umntu kubekwa butyala hayi kuphela izenzo ezithe azenzileyo, kodwa ke wazi, umzamo, ukulungiswa. Ufunyenwe enetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho nazo kuphela inkundla, naye atyumbe isohlwayo, ngokungqinelana nemigaqo yeenkqubo (bona. The Criminal Code). Ukuzisa okusisiphumo se-uphumezo lilawulwa ngumthetho Criminal Executive. Xa abantu abaye bakhonza isigwebo, kodwa ezithanda enetyala. Kulo mzekelo, amanyathelo zobutyala asemthethweni: isigwebo sentambo, entolongweni, etc ...

2. Administrative. Ekungenwe ukuba ukutyeshelwa ukuze uluntu. Umthetho uthi isohlwayo solawulo - ngomlinganiselo ngenxa isenzo okungalunganga, yenze. Isetyenziswa ukunqanda amatyala ezintsha kunye nomoni ngokwakhe kunye nabanye abantu. Injongo yale nto ayikwazi kuba infliction wokubandezeleka, ukwenzakalisa elibi ummi. Ngokuba izono ezinjalo la manyathelo alandelayo:

• isilumkiso;
• emihle (lolawulo);
• ukususwa yenjongosenzi ngokwenza isenzo ngokungekho mthethweni;
• kohluthwa izixhobo zokuxhaphaza;
• nokungalali amalungelo kumntu;
• ukumbamba (yolawulo) ;
• waye wamiswa okwethutyana umsebenzi (yolawulo);
• ukwalelwa.

Ngokubhekiselele abantu zomthetho kusebenza la manyathelo echazwe kwimihlathi 1-4. Njengomthetho jikelele, isohlwayo mthetho yolawulo linokukwenziwa ungadlulanga owe ngaphezu kweenyanga ezimbini ukusukela kumhla ikhomishini betyala. Izohlwayo kunye imizimba egunyazisiweyo ukuqwalasela iimeko ezinjalo, inkqubo zalo kunye nenkqubo uphumezo yemiyalelo kwimeko, ezichongwe yi-Code Administrative.

3. LeeNkonzo zoLuntu. Isetyenziswa amalungelo non-propati. Umzekelo, ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imiqathango izivumelwano, ukwenzakalisa kwipropati okanye ishishini, ukusayinwa bentengiselwano mthethweni, ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela copyright, njl Inyathelo engundoqo isohlwayo - .. Umonakalo, ngokubuyiselwa umthetho kunye nabanye.

4. loluleko. Kuyinto ngenxa kwephulwa emkhosini, inkonzo, uqeqesho, ingqesho, ingqeqesho. Kuba yenze, hayi kanye mandithi, ezingezo-intsebenzo okanye ukungaqhubi kakuhle imisebenzi umqeshwa liyinikiweyo, abaqeshi Singalisebenzisa izohlwayo: sokumakishwa kwakhona, khalimela, ukugxothwa izinto ezithile. Kuba ezinye iindidi zabasebenzi bangenza izicelo ezinye izohlwayo phantsi komthetho federal. izohlwayo Engamkelekanga azichazwanga kwibhili imithetho iLabour Code of the Russian Federation.

Umsebenzi angafaka isibheno isohlwayo kuRhulumente UMhloli Labour, okanye imibutho ingqalelo ngamnye iimbambano yabasebenzi.

5. Material. Yena uza kuba umonakalo owenzeke kumqeshi. Njengomthetho jikelele, kuphela ubungakanani ingeniso avareji yenyanga yomqeshwa. Ngokupheleleyo oko kubeka phezu umqeshwa kuphela xa amacala ngabo kucacisiwe kwi-Labour Code Art. 243 okanye eminye imithetho Russian Federation.

Abasebenzi abaneminyaka ubuncinane elinesibhozo ubudala, ukuze eve ubunzima isohlwayo opheleleyo kuphela xa umonakalo ngabom ukuba ipropati, ngokunjalo imo impembelelo iziyobisi okanye utywala.

A inkalo eyodwa eziphathekayo ityala civil kukuba umonakalo ungalungiseka ngokuzithandela kwabo uhlawule, yaye kwimeko ukusilela - enkundleni.

Ngenxa yoko, iinjongo eziphambili sezomthetho - lo umyalelo wokhuseleko kunye nokubuyiselwa kwamalungelo badlwengulwe.

Justice nezibophelelo zomthetho

Imiba Ubutyala ungomnye indala ncwadi yomthetho kwaye phakathi angunaphakade abachaphazelekayo onke amaxesha. Ingcamango uxanduva zomthetho kunye nobulungisa zihlobene izingxoxo.

Kukholelwa ukuba ubulungisa - elinye lamaxabiso olungunaphakade yomthetho. Le ngxaki ke ngoku lo bulumko ephambili kudidi wathi nobudlelwane kwezentlalo. Nkqu amaxesha uCicero ingqalelo esi sihloko ngokwembono revenge for intshukumo ethile.

Isizathu sokuba ekuziseni kuphela ityala kunokuba njengetyala. Ukuze kusigcina, ufuna uxwebhu okhethekileyo, isenzo, equlethe ulwazi kwiifom kunye nobungakanani izohlwayo esebenzayo kumntu othile. Lo isenokuba isigwebo senkundla kunye isigqibo oyintloko. Ukuba akukho izizathu ogama zokuxolelwa kubutyala, imiselwe ngokomthetho, umoni uya kujongana isohlwayo kakhulu.

impatho enobulungisa umntu okanye into ifuna buso. Umthetho kufuneka makamkele ukulingana abantu babe nenkxaso luninzi lwabantu. Uya kwandula ke abe nobulungisa, kunye nokuhlukunyezwa yayo kuya kuba kukwaphula okusesikweni. Kulo mzekelo, uxanduva olusemthethweni ukhuseleko kuyakuqinisekisa. Indlela yokukhetha kukuba isohlwayo nje weqondo ingozi loluntu umoni, isixa ityala, imeko kwimeko (zokuthomalalisa okanye mandundu) kunye, Kakade ke, ngumtyholwa. Ngokupheleleyo yonke bokuqonda isiganeko kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ngu Malamlela kwimeko.

NgokoMgaqo-siseko, ubulungisa kugqitywa kuphela yinkundla. Namajaji ibandakanya ezi ntlobo zilandelayo yeengxoxo: zolawulo, lolwaphulo-mthetho, yolamlo kunye nomthetho yoluntu. Yaye ukuchaza indlela ngengqiqo yobulungisa? Esisebenza ngayo ijolise ekusombululeni iingxaki zentlalo ngenxa yomthetho. Kwaye kukho ingcaciso elula ngakumbi ubulungisa - umsebenzi kwiinkundla ukuze yoluntu, yolawulo iimeko, mthetho ngenxa yomthetho ngokulinganayo. Namajaji, enyanisweni, wenza imisebenzi yenkundla, ukulawula semthethweni, ukusetyenziswa amanyathelo zonyanzelo, qinisekisa izibakala ezibalulekileyo ngendlela esemthethweni. Ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo kuhlangene ukuya ekunene, ngexesha ukuba uhlobo ngokusemthethweni yokuthetha. Ilungelo, nayo, inika uzinzo lamandla. On ineziseko zayo, iijaji yenze nemisebenzi yayo.

Phambi kokuba umthetho bonke linokulingana. Uxanduva iziphoso abakwazi ixhomekeke imeko yemali abemi abathe benza isenzo yobuzwe, aliphi na iqela, inkolo. Ukuba uyabulawa, iya kuqhubeka khona kwaye ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze ubulungisa. Umthetho kufuneka zingabi namkhethe. Noko ke, inyaniso ngoku kude kulo. Imiba ubutyala ezikhokelela-yokungangqinelani nomgaqo yobulungisa.

Abawisi musani ukuthathela ingqalelo imiba emininzi injongo phambi kokwenza utshintsho rhoqo kunye nezilungiso. Amaxesha amaninzi izohlwayo ngokwabo eyaneleyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko ke, nokwanda kolwaphulo mthetho. Xa engekho ukukhawulezisa kwentshukumo kwaye zichanekile ukusuka kurhulumente ngecala kwenzeka ukukhula okukhulu. Ebonisa ukuba ingxaki ubulungisa.

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Phantsi komxholo othi: "Imisebenzi kunye neenjongo zobutyala elisemthethweni" Siye saxubusha ingqikelelo olu hlobo lolwalamano zomthetho ngokwayo. Ngokwembali, ukuba kwavela liability njengendlela ukhuseleko lwepropati. Lo msebenzi ukukhusela urhulumente nxamnye nokungena kobunini ngokubeka ukuvalwa kunye izohlwayo violators, njengoko oko kungqinwa amangeno kuMfundi izenzo esemthethweni ixesha. Ngoko ke, lo ingqiqo kunye neenjongo sezomthetho ezazikho nkqu ngoko. Kakade ke, mhlawumbi zitshintshile, kodwa undoqo uhlala okufanayo.