Imithombo istili

Le istili womthombo isetyenziswa ngoxa wokugrumba. Iinjongo lwesi sakhi ziyilwe ukuba siqulathe ukuphalala umhlaba ngaphakathi. Faka ikholam kule emngxunyeni eqale kugrunjwa.

Kwinqanaba lokugqibela isithuba phakathi udonga wellbore kunye istili uzele eziphathekayo. Into ukufunda ngakumbi ngezantsi. ufakelo ngakumbi isixhobo ihamba ukufakelwa kwezixhobo kulo istili, leyo kufuneka sikhetwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko zale projekthi. Kuya kubakho ubukhulu kunye umngxuma ubukhulu emiselweyo.

Indlela ukukhetha ubukhulu

Le ngobubanzi ye istili kuchaphazela imveliso equleni. Okukhona eli xabiso na, kokukhona umlinganiselo wamanzi uza kukwazi ukufumana. Ukunciphisa bomyinge wamanzi kufuneka luchaze ubukhulu incinane, nto leyo eya kuba nako ukwanelisa iimfuno zeentsapho emanzini. Ezi iparameters yimfuneko ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe istili.

ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi Incopho indlu kwilizwe okanye villa na kumiselwa xa kubalwa inani njengamanqaku losetyenziso. Oku kunokuba ikhitshi, zokunkcenkceshela sebali, kumatshini wokuhlamba kunye lokuhlambela. Kulo mzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi eliyincopho nama-3 m ³ / h. Ukuba sithetha ikhaya okanye Cottage, le parameter ziya kwahluka kwi uluhlu-4 ukuya ku-8 m ³ / h.

Ukubamba ubukhulu yokubala

Ukubalwa istili kufuneka kumiliselwa, ezama ukubala sangqa leyo eza kuxhomekeka izixhobo kwimpompo ngwenya. Ukuba kumhlathi ifumaneka kweli lizwe apho vodoraskhod nama-3 m ^{3 /} h, sebenzisa impompo-75 mm. Ukuba isantya sokuqukuqela inyuswe ku-8 m ³ / h, ezo netoti kwimpompo kufuneka zifike 102 mm. Maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba akhwifa eyahlukileyo iqondo amanzi inamandla okanye emile, kule meko pump kumbhobho mabamxhome.

Ukukhetha umbhobho ngenxa 75mm ye kwimpompo kufuneka ihambe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 75 + 4 + 8 = 87. Apho 4 - umsantsa phakathi kwikholam kunye nezixhobo, ngoxa 8 - ke Ebubanzini bodonga umbhobho. Ngenxa yokuba le istili ineenkalo umgangatho, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe ubuninzi kufutshane lowo abaliweyo. Umzekelo, mm 87 ukuya 89 izezona ezifanelekileyo, 108 okanye 114 mm.

Phantsi kufuneka ukuba ubukhulu ekhethiweyo ukuxhobisa equleni, le ngobuwena ozakuthathwa kakhulu nenoqoqosho. Ukuba ukhetha pump-102 mm, izibalo kufuneka kwenziwa le nkqubo ilapha ngasentla kuye. Ukuze oku kufuneka kongezwe i parameter 4 no-8 mm, nto leyo eya kwamkela 114 mm.

Ukukhetha umbhobho istili kulo mzekelo, 114 mm ukuze kukhethwe, Noko ke, iingcali bacebisa ukuba bathenge umbhobho stock ubukhulu, ekugqibeleni nga bafumana istili, netoti eyahlukileyo kuleyo mm 127 ukuya 133.

Ekuqiniseni istili

Ekuqiniseni strings istili mazenziwe ngomnye izikimu ezininzi. Eyokuqala kuthiwa ngqo kwaye ibandakanya inaliti kwi ikholam kunye nomxube ngokugqithisela isihlangu. Isisombululo engena isithuba thunzi kwaye igcwele ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu. Iskim yesibini kuthiwa umxube feed reverse yaye wahlukile ukusuka kumphezulu. Ukubunjwa zifakwa kumphatha ezantsi.

Xa kuziwa kwi isikali mveliso, oko amaninzi kusetyenziswa indlela lokuqala. Kulo mzekelo cementation oluqhutywa inyathelo elinye, apho ivolyum isisombululo extruded ngqo. Xa istili uba elide, aze asebenzise sigaba-ezimbini ekuqiniseni. Ububanzi umsebenzi kule meko yahlulwe ngamathuba, ngokusebenzisa izixhobo enye.

Indlela ngakumbi nokolula kuphuma cuff, nesetyenziswa xa imfuno yokukhusela Umphanda nxamnye kwii-isisombululo. Ozahlulayo ummandla Huggies ezibekwe uluhlu elinemveliso lekhefu. Kukho iindlela yokuzalisa isisombululo efihliweyo kwimiqolo kunye namacandelo, ezo zabelwe beliqela eyahlukileyo.

Ukulungiselela kwezixhobo ekuqiniseni

ungafuna izixhobo ilandelayo umsebenzi ekuqiniseni imihlathi:

• ekuqiniseni izixhobo;
• isamente-ukuhlanganisa izixhobo;
• ekuqiniseni intloko;
• bephosa Imigudu.

iiyunithi ekuqiniseni afunelwa yokulungiselela zesamente kwaye atsho isisombululo ibe iqula phantsi koxinzelelo. oomatshini Cement-ukuxuba zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezifanayo, kodwa intloko nokolula kufuneka ngamanzi umphanda kunye grouting beendonga.

Ixhuma zisetyenziswa xa ufuna babhenele ukuya nokolula kwisigaba-mbini. izixhobo Maxa wambi nkqu ezincinane eziyimfuneko ukulungiselela lo msebenzi, ezizezi:

• ithumbu metal nezimo;
• iimpompo uxinzelelo High;
• izixhobo ukuhanjiswa isisombululo.

Ziyintoni iinjongo ekuqiniseni

Ekuqiniseni kwenzelwa ukuba bathabath 'kulwelo yokomba ukusuka annulus. Isisombululo wokufaka lisingisa phezulu ngokwaneleyo, nto leyo ebhaliswe ekubaleni lokuqala. ekuqiniseni ubuchwepheshe lunikeza:

• okuhlamba ulwelo ukufuduka;
• ukukhusela isisombululo adibane ngokuhlamba ulwelo;
• ugcwalisa umgqomo isisombululo lekhefu phezu ubude bayo yonke;
• adhesion elihle kukungciba paste neendonga endaweni yakhe.

Ukuba istili kakuhle iya kuhlangana ngokomgangatho, kuya kwandisa ubude izakhiwo bha kunye nexesha nemveliso, kunye nokusebenza.

Selesondele ekuhleni kwayo istili: ukulungiswa

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba istili ezisisivalo imfuneko yayo ukuhambisa isixhobo. Ukuchithwa kufuneka wenziwe sigudle ezizodwa okanye crane. Ngokunamandla uphumile ngexesha obhobhozayo istili.

Ngosuku loviwo umbhobho phambi ufakelo kufuneka zihlolwe ukuba deformation amalungu, ugobile ukwahlulwa umbandela, ubukho iinotshi kunye kunqunyulwa iphela. Imibhobho kufuneka zihlolwe ukuba ubungqukuva, uze emva koko zibekwe phezu ibhulorho ngokulandelelana ukuze yokwehla. Ukwehla istili kufuneka lwenziwe kuphela emva kokuba iziqalelo amanani kunye tape yokulinganisa ngentsimbi.

nokulungiswa kwagcinwa

Ukwenzela ukuphepha iingxaki ngexesha ekuhleni kwayo umhlathi, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela wellbore. Iindidi nakubungakanani umsebenzi kuya kuxhomekeka kwimeko ibhuthi, ubude nokuntsonkotha inxalenye open ye candelo zomhlaba. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufumanisa amathuba apho kukho ubunzima xa lisibekele isixhobo. Ezi isenokuba kwemiqhele ukwakheka, constriction kumacandelo izowuni umphanda kunye inflection.

Ngaphambi ilungelelanise iimpawu ekuhlanjweni ulwelo kufuneka zihlanjwe kakuhle. Ngethuba lokuqhuba kwale nkqubo kufuneka ibe ezimbini okanye ngomjikelo ngaphezulu. Ekupheleni ekuhlanjweni ulwelo yongezwe grafayithi okanye oyile ukuba kube lula ukuba selesondele ekuhleni kwayo istili.

istili yokwehla

In kwinyathelo elilandelayo le istili uvikivwa kulo kakuhle le njongo: centralizers, scrapers kunye turbulators. Ngexesha ngokuzalwa, kubalulekile ukuba esweni nokugcinwa umhlathi odolo ukukha, enikwe ngamaqela isicwangciso ngamandla steel kumbhobho udonga ubukhulu.

Iqula yokuqala inxalenye esezantsi istili, equka isihlangu. izinto column ngezantsi kufuneka kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i igrisi ukuqaqadeka esekelwe epoxy nentlaka. Ukusebenzisa isivingco non-ukubuyela kulo mzekelo, ndiqinisekile ukuba kuyinyaniso ukuba bephilile ubonisa igesi.

Ngu wellhead ngendlela ipipi lobonelelo, kunye shabloniruyut zabo phambi zokwanda. Ziqinile zezindlu gauge kufuneka kumbhobho evela nokuhlangana. Ukuhlisa i istili, kuyimfuneko ukugcina ingxelo lemibhobho stackable faka inombolo umba, amandla iqela umbhobho steel ubude udonga ubukhulu. Okubalulekileyo ubude tube lokugqibela ubunzima ogcweleyo.

isiphelo

Njengoko umbhobho istili isetyenziswa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, kunokuba zeplastiki, iinkuni, intsimbi kunye nemveliso asbestos lwesamente. iindawo zeplastiki ziye ngokuya ethandwa, negalelo kule umsebenzi oncomekayo.