Indlela Ukhulisa athom: mycelium, ubuchwepheshe lomhlaba. Apho athom zikhula

Akuthandeki ukuba wadibana le ndoda zange weva athom. Kodwa bambalwa kuthi baye bakwazi ubuncinane kanye ukuzama le uju oluphambili eninzi. Oku kwenzeka kangangokuba kunqabile ukuba xa naliphi libhekisela kwinto ukuba bazame ukuqokelela ukusuka kwindawo yayo ipoma, abantu emangalisiwe amagxa. Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, uza kufunda indlela yokwakha athom ekhaya.

Apho ikhula le mushroom ekhethekileyo?

Nangona into yokuba namhlanje lwahluma phantse kuzo zonke iindawo ehlabathini, truffle sisasetyenziswayo ingqalelo ubutyebi yesizwe France. Abahlali meko ibizwa ngale uju engaqhelekanga kuphela nje "nkosana akulinikwanga" okanye "diamond black".

Bamangaliswa inkulu kukuba nanamhlanje akukho mntu uthi ngokuqiniseka okuphelele le truffle ikhula njani. Oku akuzange kwaziwa bezifo, uninzi lobomi bakhe eyayinikelwe nasekufundweni zomngundo. Isibakala sokuba ngaphantsi komhlaba, apho kukho athom, kakhulu ixhomekeke izityalo, inkqubo ingcambu leyo umthombo zazo eziphambili carbohydrate. Naye athom rhizomes imithi zinjengesikhuselo izifo ngeentsholongwane. Imisonto Micellar somngundo lisibekele iingcambu imithana kunye nemithi, yokunyakamisa nabo ukufuma olongezelelweyo. Ngesayensi, loo kwavumela yaziwa ngokuba ngokuncedisana.

Njengoko uyandisa truffle?

It mycelium le yinxalenye esisiseko kwaye ibaluleke gqitha kuyo nayiphi na ngulo mngundo. Ngoko ke, kwiindawo apho athom kukhula, kufuneka inkathalelo eyodwa ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi ekumbiwe kuyo. Ukusuka mycelium enempilo uqala ukuphuhlisa ngokubonakalayo umzimba fruiting, imbewu eziza kuthatha inxaxheba kwenziwe ezilandelayo. Ngokungafaniyo zonke ezinye nomngundo, yokuzala truffle kuxhomekeke abahlala izilwanyana ehlathini. Izilwanyana ukuyifumana nidle. Kamva ukugaya truffle imbewu ziwe emhlabeni, silinike ubomi mycelium entsha. Ukutsala ingqalelo izilwanyana zehlathi, ngundo exudes flavour ethile. Noko ke, loo nto kamnandi ingqiqo yabantu seyiphi. Evela kakhulu athom libi kakhulu linjengevumba anyanisi ukuze zibole okanye herring sonakalisiwe. Kwaye nje iintlobo ezimbalwa ngundo ebonakalayo ukuvuselela secretion yejusi esiswini ebantwini. Enye zinto ke Perigord truffle emnyama.

Yintoni truffle?

Inkcazelo mkhuhlane inokufumaneka naluphi na ulawulo olulodwa. Oku komhlaba ngundo amatakane tyheli, ongwevu, omhlophe okanye emnyama umthunzi unomzimba klubnepodobnoe nenyama, Bathiwe wambu nesikhumba rough. Ngaphakathi ngundo inyama ngabona ezimweni mithambo. Ubukhulu uju, eso basinqumla njenge marble olukhazimlisiweyo, ekungabonini ukusuka amaqanda izagwityi ukuya apile enkulu. Mycelium truffle iqulathe imicu intle leyo ukugqobhoza kungena zikhabane engaphakathi iiseli ngumonzakalo iingcambu kunye nokuzibandakanya ngenkuthalo nabo.

Kuphantsi kwaziphi iimeko apho angakhula le mushroom phantsi komhlaba?

Phambi athom kukhula, kufuneka ubuze, baza kukhula kwezinye iindawo. Imeko ephambili zokulinywa mushroom uju kugqalwa imozulu efudumeleyo. Ezi nqobo ayikwazanga kuba kangcono kwimimandla namaplanga ka-Portugal, Spain, kumazantsi eJamani, eItali, France kunye Croatia. Ekhula kwi Pacific kunxweme of America, Tunisia, Algeria kunye Morocco. Kakhulu Kunqabile ukufumana athom kwi namadlelo.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhule le uju ekhaya?

Namhlanje, inani elandayo abantu abanomdla ukuze akhule ngayo athom, nokuba yokuyenza ngokwakho. bathi nje ukuba kunzima ngokwenene. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukusondela ukuphunyezwa yalo uxanduva ngokupheleleyo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha izithole ekunene ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukufumana indawo efanelekileyo nokulungiselela kakuhle umhlaba.

Abo banomdla ukuze akhule ngayo athom ekhaya, kufuneka siqonde ukuba lo msebenzi unzima kakhulu ukuba ufuna indlela uxanduva.

Eyona engundoqo izigaba mushroom yokuzalela

Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ukulinywa athom ebanjwe ngamanqanaba amathathu. Ngelo lokuqala abohlukeneyo kwenziwa mycelium kwi indawo kuFeliks. Inyathelo lesibini uyakhula izithole zemizimba iziqhamo. Yaye kuphela emva kokuba ukuba ungakwazi ukuqala ngokulima truffle ngeembumba abaselula. Njengoko umthetho, makhowa ezifuyelwa ngokulima imithi abaselula truffle mycelium kuphuhliswa.

Indlela ukukhetha nokulungiselela isiza lokutyala?

Kufuneka iqondwe into yokuba ezi fungi kakhulu ukhetho. Kufuneka nemozulu efudumeleyo epholileyo. Ngoko ke, abo bahlala kwiindawo kunye nesimo sezulu, kunye ehlotyeni ezishushu kakhulu ebusika, kungcono ukuba bashiye lo mbono. Ukuba uhlala kummandla apho iimeko ukulikhulisa kakhulu eli uju, ungenza ngokukhuselekileyo ukuqhubeka ekusetyenzisweni kwesicwangciso yakhe.

Phambi athom kukhula, kufuneka bafumane iyelenqe efanelekileyo somhlaba. Umhlaba kufuneka ube esisityebi calcium nomgquba, pH isalathi kufuneka ubuncinane 7.5. Izizathu apho ecwangcisiweyo athom zezityalo, kufuneka kubekho ezinye nomngundo, bayakwazi ukukhuphisana nabo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba indawo elikroliweyo nathi nzima ukulima ngoomatshini.

Ngokubanzi, isiza kufuneka indawo isalamane sivune ilanga kunye nomoya. Ngaphezulu, kufuneka zimelane ukhukuliseko olubangwa ngamanzi, kwaye kwithambeka elingagqithanga degrees 15.

lokulima

Ukudala iimeko kangangoko enyamekela ukulinywa athom, uyakwazi ukuqhubeka ngqo emhlabeni. Elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokutyala wamiliselwa mushroom mycelium izithole spring ziqwalaselwe, xa ke kulindeleke iqabaka. imithi Young etyalwe emhlabeni, free ngokupheleleyo ukhula. Ukulungiselela le njongo, libe sisigingqi wemba emhlabeni, ubunzulu leyo efikelela 75 cm. Embindini ngeesentimitha eziyi-40 ukusuka umthi ngamnye otyalwe Kucetyiswa athele umaleko kufuma kunyaka ophelileyo bawa amagqabi oki. Izithole maze azigubungele greenhouse bhanya ngeplastiki.

Kukho enye indlela ezikhulayo ezi amakhowa - phezu kwimbuphu yesarha. Noko ke, obu bugcisa ibandakanya umhlaba uqeqesho pre-ukuthunyelwa ngokucokisekileyo. Le zeendawana kufuneka kuwanelisa calcium nehumasi, kwaye ngaphezulu ugqunywe oki entsha okanye beech kwimbuphu yesarha. Emva koku, kufuneka umhlaba lophalazwa izichumiso ezintsonkothileyo, uze kuphela ungaqala yokutyala obude. athom mycelium ugalelwe kunye nomhlaba ze usasaze kwimbuphu yesarha.

Indlela yokunyamekela kutyalwe?

Khangela indlela akhule ngayo athom, musa phumla, ndicinga ukuba emva kokutyala, unako ukuhlala umva nje silinde isivuno. Enyanisweni, kubo kufuna ezinye ukhathalelo. Ngamaxesha athile, imithi kufuneka kondliwa nezichumiso ezintsonkothileyo, leyo ngokulula zifumaneka kuyo nayiphi na ivenkile ezikhethekileyo. Ukongeza, kucetyiswa ukuba wenze umhlaba Izakha kancinci (boron, izinc, nemagnesium kunye nentsimbi). Esi sikimu ngokufanelekileyo kulinywe amangile zitofwe ne mycelium le truffle.

Kwakhona, musa ukulibala malunga izitshabalalisi eziyintloko mushroom yobukumkani, eziquka neehagu nemivundla. Ezi zilwanyana Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ukuqala phezulu kummandla apho ukukhula athom. Hayi ingozi ngaphantsi kule ngundo zezi amaphela abamnyama kunye weevils. Imithi kubamba truffle kufuneka inkathalelo eyodwa. Kufuneka phantsi ukuthenwa ngamaxesha kukususa kwindawo engundoqo ye amasebe ezinamandla kunye umboko ukunciphisa ukuphakama. Oku kuvumela ukunyusa permeability emvula kunye nokukhanya kwelanga emhlabeni.

ukuvuna

Wabonakala ehlotyeni emzimbeni truffle fruiting kufuneka ukukhula iinyanga eziliqela. Njengoko umthetho, ekwindla ifikelela imeko efunekayo. Zivuthiwe black truffle buciko ngaphaya indumiso, exudes ngevumba elimnandi kakhulu namandla. mkhuhlane Underripe bungabonakala iqokobhe bubomvu. Njengoko umthetho, ukuvuna athom abamnyama nga ukuvunwa ukususela kuNovemba ukuya kuMatshi. Ekukhuleni iintlobo Burgundy ezimhlophe kwaye kukho kancinci ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuqokelelwa ezi fungi zisikhumbuza kakhulu lokuvuna itapile. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubuqili ezimbalwa. Kungenjalo, mhlawumbi ngempazamo ilimaze mycelium, kangangokuba athom otyewe ngokukhawuleza koma. Simele senze nangononophelo olukhulu, ngobunono ukususa kumhlaba imizimba fruiting ngayo izinto. Kufuneka kuchaphazela ukuthembeka ubume bomhlaba kwaye kuthintela umonakalo inkqubo mycorrhiza. Ukuba kuqokelela kuphela makhowa ezivuthiweyo.

Ukukhawulezisa isivuno athom zavuthwa nga inxaxheba kwinkqubo yezilwanyana oqeqeshiwe. Baphuma ayinyusa nevumba iziqhamo efihliweyo phantsi komhlaba umzimba. Ukuze ezi njongo, ungasebenzisa kuphela izinja, kodwa iihagu. Ukususela indawo esiqwengeni hektare enye ingalandwa ukusuka 50 ukuya 100 eekhilogram fungi.

Uninzi isityalo ugcinwe ngokugqibeleleyo kulo nyaka. Athom zinakho emkhenkceni wome yi lyophilization.

iingcebiso eziluncedo kwabasaqalayo mushroom

Kwangoko phambi kokutyala imithi abaselula abakwazi kwakheke umhlaba. Ukwenza oko kubangele ukufa mycelium. Ngexesha igqampe oko kuyimfuneko ukukhusela inkqubo ingcambu izithole. Emhadini, apho baya alinywe oki abaselula, kufuneka kugalela intwana yamanzi, afefe phantsi kwaye amaxesha amaninzi amanzi.

Kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka nawe uqinisekise ukuba umhlaba phezu kobuso musa kuvela iintanda. Kwimeko yemfundo le ndawo a afafaze isanti. Ukongeza emiterebhintini, ingasetyenziswa, kunye nezinye imithi, kuquka yomnquma, yesitrasi kunye redwood. Zokulinywa ngempumelelo ubunzulu athom ukutyala kufuneka-75 cm. Indlela kuphela ukunika ukhuseleko amakhowa komhlaba ukusuka iqabaka, umoya kunye nezinambuzane. Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba bakhule athom kufuphi nespruce, nezom, willow, nezompleyini.