Indlela yokutyala athom: ubuchwepheshe, izikhokelo

Nokuveliswa kwemveliso zokutya - umsebenzi iziphumo esoloko kwemfuneko. Oku akumangalisi, kuba ithuba lokuba babe ukutya okumnandi kunye zendalo abantu abakulungeleyo ukuhlawula ixesha.

Abo bafuna ukuba bazinikele ekwenzeni imveliso iimveliso zasefama kusenokwenzeka ukuba ziwuthathele ingqalelo lo enqabileyo kwilizwe lethu, ingcamango ishishini lezolimo, njengoko ukulinywa athom. Indlela yokutyala athom kweemeko Russian zendalo kunye nendlela luncedo isenokuba kuveliswe le atyiwe?

"Kwamakhowa Golden". Truffle - yinto eninzi?

Alikho elinye ngundo ekhoyo ukulungele ukuba ahlawule imali eninzi kakhulu ehlabathini, kuba truffle angawuthenganga; ixabiso 1 kg isusela ukusuka $ 500 ukuya $ 5000.

Ngaphezu koko, amazwe akukho ngotyefezo ingaqhelekanga, apho athom kuba ukuthengisa, ukuba ube ngumsebenzi wobugcisa. Kuxhomekeka uhlobo, umgangatho, ubunzima kunye nezinye iparameters kulo ixabiso enye "mushroom yegolide" uyakwazi ukufikelela ngokungandilisekanga ophezulu euro amawaka aliqela.

Kakade ke, athom ekhaya kufuneka ithuba elincinane lokuba amaqela imisebenzi enjalo. Kwaye ke ixabiso usezantsi kakhulu ngaphezu mkhuhlane, leyo ikhule kwi-bume yendalo. Amarestjurandi, le menu leyo equka izitya ukusuka 'mushroom yegolide "ngokuzithandela thenga ikhule ezitiyeni truffle. Ixabiso 1 kg imveliso akuthethi ukoyikisa.

Yintoni imfuno truffle

Enyanisweni, iintlobo ezininzi zomngundo. Kodwa asinguye wonke umntu ofanelekileyo ukuba adle. Ekuphekeni, sebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini kuphela. White, okwabizwa ngokuba Piedmont - yeyona ezinqabileyo zexabiso. Ukhula ikakhulu eItali, yaye ngokukodwa kummandla Piedmont, wamnika igama engqondweni. Umngundo a, ivumba ethe intekenteke incasa emnandi. Ngelishwa, ezi athom kukhula ikhaya akwenzeki.

Enye imbono - emnyama, okanye, njengoko kuthiwa, Perigord truffle. Indawo awazalelwa kuyo ngundo - kwingingqi eponymous French. Ngenxa yokuba le truffle omnyama ayikho nje abangenazigqibo mhlophe, liboleke abanye ngokwawo ukulima kumasimi, Perigord truffle ikhula kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, kwakunye eRashiya naseUkraine.

Ngaphandle kwezi zimbini, kukho ezinye iintlobo ezidliwayo. Umzekelo, IsiTshayina okanye ehlotyeni. Kodwa ke emasimini ezininzi iisuti abamnyama. Ngoko ke, xa ethetha ukuba akhule ngayo athom, ngokuqhelekileyo wayecinga luhlobo Perigord.

Truffle bakhule eRashiya. Nemiqathango yokufumana isityalo

kwiinkulungwane eziliqela lokuqaphela kunye nokuqokelelwa athom kuvunyelwa ukuba kuveliswe ifomula iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze ukukhula ngempumelelo kumasimi truffle. Ithekhinoloji athom likhula - kunokuba nzima, exabiso likhulu, yaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, inkqubo ixesha elide. Ukuze ufumane isivuno lokuqala luya kuthatha ubuncinane iminyaka 5 unonophelo ngenyameko efama. Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ukuba zikhule njani athom? Kwindawo yokuqala, ukuba uju ahlekisayo wambamba kwaye waqalisa ukukhula, kufuneka:

• imozulu elungileyo kunye indawo kokwehla;
• zathu (phantsi);
• mycorrhiza.

iimpawu zemozulu isiqabu

Imozulu epholileyo oluhle yaye inqanaba ozinzileyo eliphantsi kwezulu - eziphambili iimfuno zezulu truffle. mkhuhlane Gentle ungenako ukubathwala ubushushu kakhulu okanye imozulu elide kubanda.

Phi na indlela yokwakha athom kwilizwe lethu? Kuba ukwenziwa kakuhle oluhambelana Russia central - ehlotyeni enelanga kwaye kushushu kakhulu, iimvula ispring ekwindla efudumeleyo uju ukuba okukunyusa sokwanda ngulo mngundo.

Ukuba yokuqasha umhlaba kuhlelwe, kunokwenzeka ukuba akhule athom emagumbini. Kule ndawo kufuneka ibe banzi ngokwaneleyo, kunye ukufuma oluphakathi kunye lobushushu ezinzileyo ngeedegree ezimalunga 22.

Umhlaba for truffle wefama

Kuba umhlaba apho ukukhula athom, kufuna akukho ngaphantsi phezulu. Imfuneko uhlalutyo kwilebhu Ukwanda izondlo zomhlaba, initrogen, ikharbon, ikalika, calcium. Kwakhona, kufuneka kubekho umphezulu womhlaba ube ukhukuliseko olubangwa ngamanzi, yaye kwi-engile izidanga hayi ngaphezulu kwe-15. Height ongaphezulu efunekayo hayi ngaphantsi kwe-30 cm.

Phambi kokutyala ngokuyimfuneko ikhangelwe intsalela esiti-obrak, nto leyo umhlaba athom. Oku kunokwenziwa kwiimvavanyo ezimbini ezilula. A ibingenamhlaba mninzi esithatyathwe kwisiza ezenzo nsimu, kufuneka ongezwe kwisingxobo kunye neviniga emhlophe. Ukuba indlela - sifuthela ethambileyo yesisombululo, kuba asidi kakhulu. Enye uvavanyo ikhutshwa phandle esebenzisa iphepha litmus, kufuneka nje ukuba gxwa emhlabeni. Iphepha kufuneka ajike aluhlaza. Ukungabikho ukusabela ngaleyo nalo kwealkali ayonelanga. Kweli kwelinye inqanaba case isabelo-alkali ze kwandiswe ngcembe ngokudibanisa ikalika.

Mycorrhiza nokutyalwa izityalo

ingcambu ngokuncedisana umthi-iqabane kunye truffle ubizwa ngokuba "mycorrhiza". Mkhuhlane ukhula komhlaba kwi esineengcambu zomthi Bunch of athom 5-7. Wood uyasondla "abamelwane 'yayo yonke eziyimfuneko ukuze ukukhula: iikhabhohayidrethi, acid, iivithamini, kunye nezinye uluhlu izinto ezichaphazela iimpawu ukungcamla ngulo mngundo. Kodwa truffle alumelanga amaphelo - a ngokuncedisana kunceda iinkuni okroqiweyo izimbiwa kunye phosphorus.

Ukutyala izinto imbewu ngundo mycelial, kufuneka kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba eziliqela.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba emhlabeni evulekileyo watyala izityalo kunye ngundo mycorrhizal. izithole Kugqityiwe gciwane mycelium truffle, unga kuthenga nje. Kwaye ukuze kudaleke self-mycorrhiza, izithole zifuna amaqabane imithi kunye nomhlaba kunye zokuhlala zendalo athom, mycelium wosuleleke. Kumila bathelela mycelium truffle isithombo ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini kufuneka zigcinwe iimeko wawuqalekisa ngokupheleleyo. Kwaba kuphela emva isithombo wokuvalelwa ezinokutyalwa ekhanyayo. Nantsi indlela yokwenjenjalo:

• Malunga 70 cm equleni walungiselela ngokugalela imali encinci amanzi, koko watyala umthi mycorrhizal wayifulela kunye nomhlaba.
• Kufuneka ukudala umaleko lokukhusela amaqula ngaphakathi-40 cm. Oku kunokuba umaleko yasegadini umboniso, ehlathini namahlamvu kunye namasebe, umququ.
• Kubalulekile: azamkelekanga ukutyala imithi ukusondela kakhulu omnye komnye. Kokwehla eliphezulu - 5 4 m ke ngoko 1 hektare kuya kuba kungekho zityalo mycorrhizal ngaphezulu kwama-500.
• Phambi kokutyala, akukho mfuneko ukusebenzisa isichumiso ezongezelelweyo, ukuze kakubi le mycelium.

Emva kokutyala mycorrhiza isithombo ukubethelela, kufuneka unyaka wonke. Emva koko, lo truffle yi akhuselekile kwaye umphelo ahlale phantsi ingcambu.

ukunakekela vetshe ezinjalo: ke kufuneka asuse ukhula ngeenxa emhlabeni, ukuba ukulibala ukuba athambise emthonjeni, yawunyakamisa indlela imithi idriphu rhoqo. Iintanda ezingaba kwasekwa emhlabeni, qiniseka ukuba sifunxe isanti.

Lonke ixesha lokukhula izithole kufuneka ukhuselwe beempuku, imivundla nezinambuzane. Ukongeza, kwindawo, kunye nemithi, namahlakani inokuba isityalo, kufutshane ezimila uju sibalise akakwazi. Le mithi kufuneka ukucoca.

Yiyiphi imithi kufuneka ukukhula athom

Liqabane elifanelekileyo ukuze mycorrhiza yi emterebhintini. Kodwa ukuze kubekho kwaye imithi ezifana omnquma, uHazel, umsequoia, beech, hornbeam, okanye naluphi na uhlobo sohlobo iziqhamo.

Kubalulekile: Truffle ngokucacile ungenako ukubathwala willow, ezisemanzi zepampiri, pine, nezompleyini, fir! Le mithi isityalo kufuneka kungabi.

Indlela yokufumana isityalo?

athom belima aziveli ekhaya ukususela kwasekuqaleni de kokwindla, kwaye inani fungi ezinokuthi kuhlanganisana elinye xesha - eqikelelwa ngu - 10 okanye i-15 kg kwihektare nganye.

Ukusuka nezinye iziqhamo zomhlaba truffle lahlukile ukuba akwanelanga ukuba batyale baze bakhule. Le ngundo kufuneka ngakumbi ukuba ukujonga - isityalo zinokufihlwa kubunzulu malunga nama-30 cm phantsi komhlaba. Ngcono, Kakade ke, okokuqala, elindele ukuba bathenge athom isilwanyana abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa (inja okanye ihagu) ezinokuthi zijoje lo atyiwe. Kodwa ukuba onjalo umncedisi kuqoqosho apho, kukho iimpawu ezimbalwa, apho unako ukufumana usapho elincinane athom:

• Ivumba athom ezivuthiweyo mkhaya isoloko ezitsala izinambuzane. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, phezu kwendawo apho "babonisele" amakhowa, usoloko eman 'inani elikhulu midges.
• Ingca ekhula phezu truffle, ixesha ekukhuleni ngundo uyafa yaye wome.
• Land of athom iphakame kancinci.

Indlela ukugcina awafanele eqokelelwe

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, imveliso engcono - esandul 'ukuchetywa, oko kukuthi, leyo ezingathathwanga imini ngaphezu kwesinye eyadlulayo. Noko ke, ukuba ukuphunyezwa truffle izitya okanye ukupheka ezi okuluncuthu inokuba kancinci kamva, ukuze kulondolozwe zonke incasa kunye neempawu zesondlo ngundo alandelayo imithetho yokugcina kufuneka zilandelwe:

• Soloko uyigcina athom ngaphandle yokuzikhwebula emhlabeni, kuba ufana isikhongozeli yendalo, gcina ngundo cut-off ukusuka intshukumo ekonakaleni kwaziwe nokulahleka incasa zendalo beziyolo zenu;
• yokugcina lobushushu cool (ifriji);
• abapheki Professional bacebisa le ndlela yokukugcina zendalo truffle ubumanzi: mushroom omdaka isongelwe ngephepha greaseproof nendawo kwisingxobo kunye nerayisi owomileyo.

Ngoko ke, ukuze aqonde nzulu ukuze akhule ngayo amakhowa athom, yaye yintoni na imiqathango yale imfuneko ukudala, sinokugqiba ukuba inkqubo yabo imveliso aku- elide kwaye zibiza. Kunjalo, zokutyala le uju akuxhaphakanga kuphela kumazwe aseYurophu, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe ikhula eRashiya. Isizathu ilula: ishishini kunceda, enoba yintoni. Truffle, kanye ndatyala, fruiting lide kakhulu, ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-30. Kwaye anikwe ixabiso kunye nemfuneko emandla, kulindeleke ukuba lonke utyalo-mali iya kuhlawula off kwiminyaka yokuqala isivuno esihle.