Indlela ukukhangela umhlaza? Yimalini ekufuneka zihlolwe ukuba umhlaza nalapho ukuba bahlolelwe?

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umhlaza sele iyinto exhaphakileyo kakhulu. Oonobangela ezimbi ezahlukeneyo. Oku ikakhulu yofuzo, ukutya mgangathweni, bume kakuhle. Ukuba ukrokrela nomhlaza leengcali Siyaleza kutyelela esibhedlele kwaye unesifo.

Eziliqela izincomo ezingundoqo

Indlela ukukhangela umhlaza? Apho ugqirha kufuneka uqhagamshelane? Ezi kunye nezinye imibuzo ebuzwa ngabantu ukrokrela Oncology kwi. Okokuqala, simele senze idinga yincutshe. Ugqirha ojongana isifo kwaye afumane unyango lwezifo umhlaza, kothiwa somdlavuza. Ndisenako uhlolwe njani umhlaza kuphando? Ugqirha uya kuvanya, amisele iimvavanyo elebhu. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ugqirha unikwe kufumana ultrasound, Itomography ngekhompyutha, mammography kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokuxilonga, kuxhomekeka kwindawo ekujongwe nethumba. Okubaluleke kakhulu ke iziphumo zovavanyo elebhu, njengoko zihlolelwe ubukho umhlaza kwi zigaba okuqala, ewatyhutyhile uhlalutyo eqhelekileyo zabamakishi ithumba. Emva kokuba zonke ezi ziganeko ingcali isigqibo imfuneko biopsy. Ngexesha inkqubo, intwana encinane kwithishyu sithathwa uviwo histological. Le ndlela, ngokutsho iingcali ezininzi, yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo loxilongo. Biopsy ityhila, evela kuyo lilungu iiseli ithumba. Lenquba yenzelwa phantsi zomzimba zasekuhlaleni, inkxamleko kangaka ibangela. Emva kokuba zonke ezi zazo nto iya kucaca, akukho umhlaza okanye hayi.

kuvavanywa kangaphi na?

Iingcali uqaphele ukuba usaqala kakhulu, xa ubungakanani nangezilonda lincinane kwaye ayithethi ubuthi iimveliso umzimba yokubola, kujongwe unxilongo lobuxoki. Ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka, ungenza uhlolelwe kwakhona. Ekubeni ungakwazi kuvavanywa umhlaza ukuba kuba zesiqhelo xa kuhlolwa, uyacebiswa ukuba ukutyelela ugqirha kanye ngonyaka ongaphantsi kweminyaka iminyaka emashumi mane, yaye emva koko - kabini ngonyaka (kungekho izikhalazo). Iimviwo zifo lobutyhila ngezifo kwizigaba iSADC kunyango.

Kutheni sifo?

Ixesha elichithwa baxilonga umhlaza akakwazi kuphela ukusindisa ubomi kodwa ukuthintela ukuhla komgangatho. Yiyo loo nto iingcali Siyaleza kuhlolwa kwaye ukuba ivavanywe rhoqo. Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uxilongo kakhulu kwandisa ukusebenza kwamanyathelo zonyango kuthe imfuneko. Ndikunye phambili kutshanje kwi zonyango Ubhaqo entsimini ezimbi eyenziwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Izigulane kufuneka ingqalelo kuphela nemeko yobume bempilo yakhe.

Ndisenako uhlolwe phi umhlaza?

Ngaphandle ezikliniki yesiqhelo kunye nezibhedlele, kukho iziko umhlaza ezizodwa. Phantse yonke imizi ezinkulu eRashiya kukho amaziko ezinjalo. E Moscow, umzekelo, ukuvavanyela umhlaza kwenziwa "kwiklinikhi European" (SPC Oncology mihla kwegazi, imetro Tula), Hospital City Oncology № 62 (metro Tushinskaya) Karl Bremer Clinic "Union" (m. Sokolniki, Electrozavodskaya) kunye neminye maziko. Apho ukuba bahlolelwe umhlaza abantwana? EMoscow ngo-2011, oko wavula ezizodwa Scientific Oncological Centre of ukubaluleka federal. Le ekliniki ingqalelo kakhulu ukusebenzisa ithekhinoloji yaxhobisa kwaye inkulu eYurophu.

Ngubani kufuneka umana?

Kwindawo yokuqala, ukuba atyelele somdlavuza ekucetyiswa ukuba abantu abawela kwi "iqela ingozi". Ezi nkqubo ziquka abasetyhini kunye namadoda abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-55, badla basela utywala kwaye nomsi, nemizimba emikhulu. Kufuneka umana usiya nabo kakubi ukutya okungekho mpilweni, hlala kwi solarium kunye ilanga ngaphandle nokusebenzisa elangeni ngexesha elifanayo. uhlolo okunikezelwe kunye nabantu nentshukumo ephantsi. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo njengelifa (yemfuza) sifuze. Ukuba umntu evela usapho kwafunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza, kufuneka zithathwe kunye ingqalelo kakhulu kwi imeko yempilo yakhe notyelelo rhoqo yincutshe.

Yintoni uphando?

Yimeko precancerous kuthathwa ukuba precursor kuphuhliso somhlaza. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Namhlanje ke ngaphezu kunokwenzeka, bavavanyelwe umhlaza kufana ekliniki rhoqo, kwaye kwiziko ezizodwa. Ukuze nangendlelo echanekileyo nangaphezulu ngezifo kungoku nje kusetyenziswa izixhobo kakhulu mihla, ziingcali kakhulu. Examination, ngokuqhelekileyo ithatha omnye ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbini. Kukholelwa kwi sisigulana setting phantsi kweliso zonyango ngenyameko. Ngokutsho iziphumo zophando isigulane ifumana ulwazi ngokupheleleyo malunga nemeko zabo zempilo. Le specialist uya kuyiphendula yonke imibuzo yakho. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, unyango olukhawulezileyo imiselwe, isigulana ifumana imiyalelo kunye neengcebiso. Yimalini ekufuneka zihlolwe ukuba umhlaza? Amaxabiso zixhomekeke isifundo uluhlu iimvavanyo kunye neenkqubo diagnostic, nto leyo eya ingcebiso kugqirha. Kwi-avareji, iindleko zizonke uphando ukusuka kwi 1.5 ukuya amawaka-3. Idola.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo kufuneka bathathe Oncology?

Okwangoku, phantse bonke obanga umhlaza iintlobo liqulunqe iindlela ezisebenzayo diagnostic. Ngokukodwa, ugqirha zinga-odola mammogram. Olu ibele sifundo. Ukuchonga somhlaza wesibeleko ekucetyiswa Pap smear. Kuba ekuxilongweni ikholoni ngezifo kuvavanywa uvavanyo njengesitulo igazi nemimoya. uxilongo jikelele zomhlaza kungaquka izinto ezininzi. Ngokukodwa, kucetyiswa ukuba banikele ngegazi (analysis ezichazwe), ahlolwe MRI, CT scan (i amadlozi), gastroscopy kunye colonoscopy, a biopsy. Yingcali nazo ayithiye Eskom lomongo wethambo kunye nophando laparoscopy. Eyona nto ibaluleke ngokukodwa kwi uxilongo somhlaza kuthatha ultrasound. Le nkqubo kudla inika siqonde nemiba yophuhliso ngezifo. Kudla biopsy lwenziwa phantsi CT okanye ultrasound. cytogenetics Ukongezelela, kwiimeko ezininzi amisiweyo, uphando kumajoni omzimba kunye thoracoscopy (biopsy kunye nokuhlolwa zokubonwayo esifubeni).

Yintoni eyenza uvavanyo igazi?

Kwilebhu Oncology iziphumo zovavanyo ukuba ingacaci. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uvavanyo lwegazi. Uhlalutyo Advanced kuvumela ukuba ukuqinisekisa inqanaba abamakishi ithumba segunya nganye, ukuseka ubukho okanye ukungabikho iiseli somhlaza emzimbeni. Ngenxa yonke imisebenzi zeengcali ngasentla umisela ubungakanani kunye nohlobo amalungu sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi kunye neenkqubo, kwakunye nobukho nakujoliso olutsha kunye metastases. Ngenxa yoko, irejimeni efunekayo ekhethiweyo isigulane ngamnye.

Uxilongo zomhlaza esifubeni iphecana zesisu

Omnye lo mhlaza iqhelekileyo umhlaza wemiphunga namhlanje. Ukuba urhanela ukuba uphuhliso Ithumba kuyimfuneko ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukubona ugqirha. Njani I khangela umhlaza wemiphunga? Ngawaphi amanyathelo diagnostic inokutyumba yincutshe? Isixhobo saveyi yinxalenye esifubeni - ray. Izifinyezo kukuvumela ukuba ubone ubukho udumbo okanye neoplasm. Ezingabonakaliyo radiographs izilonda ezincinane zafunyanwa ngexesha CT scan. Ukuba isigulana umntu khohlo ephelekwa phlegm, ukuba ancinwe ngemicroscope. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufunda kunye biopsy yethishyu semiphunga. Inokuba yenziwe ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, isampuli ye lung inyama Isiqwenga Ugqirha uya kuqhubeka ngexesha bronchoscopy - lung imeko check usebenzisa tube ekhethekileyo ubhityile (bronchoscope) kunye umthombo ukukhanya. Le bronchoscope yaziswa ngqo kwi ndawo ibinomthwebeba emzimbeni kwingqula. A biopsy engenziwa kunye nendlela evulekileyo. Thoracoscopy ngokusebenzisa liqatywe encinane into eyenziwe isiseko entanyeni. Ugqirha ifaka kungena izixhobo mediastinum aze nkovu inyama ukwenzela uhlalutyo. Njani I khangela kwi umhlaza kwamathumbu? Ukuba ukrokrela yobubi kwingingqi iphecana zesisu unikwe colonoscopy. Ukusebenzisa uphenyo okhethekileyo ugqirha lihlola umphezulu engaphakathi kwamathumbu uze uvavanye imeko yakhe.

isiphelo

Iimbono leengcaphephe uxilongo othintelo lwe ezimbi oncological ukuba ingacaci kakhulu. Iimvavanyo Ukuhlolelwa kakhulu ukunciphisa izinga lokusweleka phakathi ubunzima jikelele yabemi. Oku kubangelwa, ubukhulu becala, ukukwazi ukufumanisa isifo sisandula esi sifo encediswa izixhobo zale mihla. Kulo mzekelo, kungenzeka indawo yonyango olwaneleyo, ukuze buncothulwe emikhuhlaneni nangezilonda. Noko ke, kukho ubungqina bokuba kule khosi yophando othintelo kutyhilwa bekuthi yamathumba ebubonisayo. Ngenxa usebenzisa iindlela ezonakalisayo zokuxilonga apho izigulane abakhuselekanga kwiingozi ezingeyomfuneko. Namhlanje kukho impendulo ecacileyo ngqo kwi umbuzo malunga imfuneko iimviwo zokuthintela. Okwangoku, iinzame zenziwa ukuba kuvunwe iinzuzo zenzululwazi nganye kwezi ndlela ekhoyo anizimase, kuba oko kuyimfuneko ukuba iqela siganeko lomkhusane kwindawo yokuqala.