Indlela yokusebenzisa izalathandawo isiJamani yaye yintoni na ke?

Izalathandawo ngolwimi German unayo injongo efanayo in Russian. Zinceda ukuhlanganisa amagama okanye amabinzana zibe iyunithi enye lwesemantiki, oko kwisindululo. Izalathandawo ngolwimi German ngokuqhelekileyo zibekwe phambi Ukongeza, ezinxulumene ngqo apho.

ngezigaba

Le nxalenye abangabancedani zentetho lichazwa. Izalathandawo bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu: ezo abalawula icala elinye; basingathe amacala amabini (kwaye oku Akkusativ Dativ), kwakunye naleyo musa ukuba emva nayiphi na imeko ulawulo ethile. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ulwazi olunomdla. Izalathandawo na onokubalawula iimeko ezahlukeneyo - konke oku kuxhomekeke koko kwimeko abanalo lwegrama. Leyo yeyona ngongoma kule meko awungeni ndawo. Kwakhona, akukho imithetho engqongqo eyayiza ukulawula ulawulo ezimbini. Ngenxa izalathandawo declension German wena ngentloko nje, khumbula. Oku kufana kwimeko yezenzi ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezalathandawo ngokunxulumene izimo

Yintoni umdla kukuba ezinye izihlomelo amatyala ekhoyo isigxina enyanzelekileyo. Le yesibini inokufumaneka kuphela kwezinye iimeko. Kubhetele ukuba ukubonisa yonke umzekelo olubonakalayo. Masithi, isindululo esinjalo: Trotz xua Schneefall (Dativ) wollte uMarko mit dem Auto in die Berge fahren. Liguqulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: "Nangona bekhephu, uMarko wayefuna ukuya ngemoto ezintabeni." Kule isindululo ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukusetyenziswa dative. kufuneka Wathi ke kuyo, ngolwimi German kakhulu inqabile, ukuba ngqo, xa wayelapha emhlabeni. Kuthekani namanye amatyala? kunjalo Genitive, umzekelo, kusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, eqamba ulawulo des ( "e"), kwizivakalisi apho kwenzeka khona oku, des emva kwesibizo.

Nominativ and Akkusativ

Kukho kwakhona izalathandawo, ekungadingeki ukuba ukusebenzisa wokongeza i-ons kuyo nayiphi na imeko echazwe kakuhle. Ukuze ube ngakumbi ngqo, ezi nasezi- wie. Izibizo amele emva kwezi ukuzithethelela ayehla kanye njengokuba correlating nabo kwesivakalisi. Oku kunokubonwa mzekelo ulandelayo: Mario kannte ihren als Schwester Schüler (Nominativ it). Eguqulelwe isindululo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: "Mario wayesazi udade wabo, esafunda esikoleni." Xa ngenye indlela, esebenzisa Akkusativ, eli binzana kunokuthiwa zakhiwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Mario kannte ihren schwester als Schüler. Eguqulelwe kulo ngokusondeleyo: "Mario wayesazi udade wabo, nokuba xa yesikole." Zombini mizekelo zinxulumene ngqo omnye komnye. Loo nto kuphela kwimeko yokuqala, isifundo eso ngamazinga ukuma emva als "noun (ngokufanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba bayisebenzise Nominativ), kodwa yesibini isetyenziswa Akkusativ, ekubeni kukho isongezelelo. Ngokubanzi, ulawulo izalathandawo German aba deal enkulu, eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha - ukufunda umsebenzi amatyala kunye ukuguqulelwa amagama ngokwazo.

izalathandawo isicelo Universal

Esi sihloko umdla kakhulu, kwaye ke kufuneka bazazi ukuba sikwazi ukuvakalisa ngobuchule iingcinga zabo. Ukuba ufuna, masithi, "Ndiza eJamani," - apho kuya kudla ngokuchanekileyo NACH. Le isalathandawo ibonisa indlela, kwimeko apho isindululo uya kukhangela ngolu hlobo: Ich fahre NACH Deutschland. Hi ndlela leyi, NACH ezisetyenziswa ngokunxulumene kumazwe ezingenawo a manqaku isiJamani. Le neuter ithi, ezifana eRashiya, Italy, eJamani, France njalo njalo. D. Kwakhona, ngesi sizathu ibekwe kwimeko, ukuba ufuna ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni ixesha na. Umzekelo: zwanzig Minuten NACH fünf (imizuzu engamashumi amabini ukuya kwezintandathu). Kuphela kule meko isimelabizo eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "emva" (ukuba ngokoqobo). Nam ndingathanda ukubulela ngamnye ingqalelo uboya rhoqo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngesi sizathu isetyenziswa ngokunxulumene nomntu. Uboya dich, uboya uMichel, uboya alle da (ngenxa yenu, kuba mna, kuba bonke), njalo njalo. D. Oko kukuthi, libonisa injongo, injongo, ulandelise ngesiphelo. Kodwa sebenzisa ukuba izaba njenge ixabiso replacement "umntu." Umzekelo: Sie umnqwazi schon uMichel bezahlt noboya (sele ihlawulwe kum).

Zeziphi izizathu

Ekugqibeleni ndingathanda lokubhengeza zonke izalathandawo ezikhoyo German. Uluhlu ngendlela yokuba badla omkhulu kakhulu, kwaye khumbula yonke kulula kakhulu kunokuba ibonakala. Abantu abathe balufunda olu lwimi, ukuwakhumbula ngokuthelekisa. An - liguqulelwe ngokuthi "phezulu" okanye "on", kuxhomekeke kwimeko ukusetyenziswa. Auf kuveza isifundo okanye ngumkhuba: Alles waba der auf Bühnepassiert, fileyo Wahnsinn (translation: "Yonk 'into eyenzekayo eqongeni - loo nto crazy"). Hinter i translation wethu isimelabizo "ukuba", kodwa isiJamani i isifaniso ngokupheleleyo kwesi gama kulwimi IsiNgesi. Oko kukuthi, ukuba iguqulelwe ngokuthi "kwi": Ich bin jetzt in der Kneipe (translation: "Mna ngoku pub"). Kodwa kukho izalathandawo Linganisa (ngokuthi, phezu) kunye vor (phambi, ngaphambili, phambi).

Ngokwenene, aba izalathandawo zidweliswe ngaphambili zezona ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu kwaye amaxesha amaninzi zifumaneka German. Lo mxholo ayikho nje entsonkothileyo nje, umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa izenzi. Izalathandawo ngolwimi German anentsingiselo efanayo kunye nentsingiselo njengoko in Russian, yaye imisela kalula ngayo wabagagamela. Kwaye Ukuba uqhelisela ukusebenzisa babo, uya kungekudala sisiphumo ezibonakalayo, kunye nabantu abayi ukucinga ngengqiqo ukwakha isindululo.