Indlela yokwenza uphahla phezu igaraji ngezandla zakhe? Uyilo, izinto, izixhobo

Ngenxa ukwakhiwa kwegaraji, bambalwa abantu bakhetha Uyilo ezineenkcukacha ubugocigoci. Indawo yokuqala ngendlela elula, ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka. Akha kophahla, njengoko umthetho, abe gable alichumi-imilo. Le ndlela yokugqibela ngokukhawuleza kwaye kube lula ukwakha, luquka iindleko eziphathekayo ngaphantsi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha umnini propati kufuneka indawo yokugcina indawo yokugcina ukuba izixhobo kunye nezinye izinto. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ungenza wenze uphahla gable. Ukuba kunjalo, izinto ezifunekayo elula inkqubo umqadi, ubushushu, amanzi kunye umphunga zokwambathisa umboniso, ngokunjalo izinto zokuxhoma uphahla. Ukutyabeka masigcine ngaphakathi ubushushu ukuba egaraji kangangoko tofotofo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

ukwakhiwa kophahla Flat igaraji

Ukuba uvusa umbuzo zendlela yokwenza uphahla phezu egaraji, ungabona design flat njengento khetho, nto leyo efanelekileyo xa isetyenziswa kulwakhiwo iibhulorho lwesamente. Kulo mzekelo, inkqubo truss kuya kubakho xa kukho imfuneko ukwenza isithuba yokugcina. Njengoko base eziphathekayo ngokuqhelekileyo ekuzinziseni uphahla ethambileyo, apho impahla nophahla kuphuma, iglasi okanye Bikrost. Olu khetho bezoqoqosho kwaye luqiniswe zokwakha eziphathekayo isiseko likhusela ngokuchaseneyo iindwendwe okungeyomfuneko.

Isitofu kufuneka zibekwe kunye icala elithile, kuba iindonga malunga kufuneka zibe kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ukuba ngaba ukufundisa, phantsi ithambeka uphahla kunokwenzeka ukuze kuxhotyiswe kunye ubushushu nzima screed ngokusekelwe zesamente kunye nesanti.

Amanqaku sakhiwo kophahla flat

Abantu abaninzi namhlanje bacinga ngayo umbuzo zendlela yokwenza uphahla kwi egaraji. Ukuba tyaba, ubuncinane inowuthi yayo kufuneka ibe phakathi ° 2.5 ku-3. uphahla wambi eyenziwe ngomthi, eyakhelwe le njongo ezindongeni zifunjwe imiqadi floor, Iziphelo bangena slot kwenziwa izitena. On top of imiqadi kukho ukutyibilika obuphathekayo iibhodi, nezinyuko yokugqibela kufuneka-30 mm okanye ngaphezulu.

Ngokubhekele phaya azinze kophahla ethambileyo. uphahla wamisa ukulungiselela ubukho kwinkqubo umqadi indawo ethile phantsi kophahla. Ukuba isakhiwo encamathele kuyo indlu yokuhlala, uphahla kufuneka aphenduke. Kuya kuba nokuqhubekeka lowo ikhona endlwini. Ukukhetha izinto zokwakha yona, kufuneka ukhethe nesigqubuthelo isakhiwo efanayo engundoqo, nto leyo nje kuphela, kodwa imibala. Uphahla Gable zenziwe kwimeko apho egaraji isebenza njenge-stand-alone izibonelelo. Ezinye iintlobo uphahla zisetyenziswa kakhulu kunqabile.

uphahla leyo ephucula nedivaysi yayo

Phambi kokuba wenze uphahla phezu egaraji, gable okanye olunye-kwelizwi, zonke izinto oqingqiweyo ka kwinkqubo eliseluphahleni zilungiswa retardants kunye kwisigcinakaliso, kanye njengoko ezi zibonelelo zokufunda ziya kuba nako ukukhusela kwimililo kunye ukubola. uphahla leyo ephucula siyakhiwa kunye angle utyekelo apho umkhulu-30 °, omnye iindonga isiphelo kuba oko ubude ochukumisa ngakumbi. Oku kuyinyaniso ukuba gable ziya kwenziwa ngezitena kwaye nokuqhubekeka eludongeni ngaphambili.

Emva kokuba uqalise ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo lophahla. On top of the zodaka ukuze ndiyiphalaze iminatha eziphathekayo Ukubeka, ayolala ngaphambi mauerlat. iminatha ekubekeni iza kuwa phezu yonke imithwalo. Phambi kokuba wenze uphahla phezu igaraji obu bugcisa, uyakwazi ukucinga kwakhona kwaye kwi nokuba iminatha Ukubeka kuyimfuneko. It ishiyelwa ukuba le nkqubo iya kubakho yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa, - baya kwenza njengoko urhuqa kuzo imiqadi. Xa umgama ukusuka cm-70 ukuya 100 kuyimfuneko ukubeka imiqadi, zifakiwe nasemingxunyeni phakathi lezitena niya kulirhola. Iziphelo imiqadi kufuneka ukuba azisongele umbandela nophahla, kuyimfuneko ukuphepha ukunxulumana umbandela kunye isitena, oko kuya abakukhusela ezibolayo. Ngoko ke inkosi Unokuqhuba ukufaka kwezibonda, kufuneka ezinxulumene kunye nabanye kwaye ibekwe imiqadi. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka ufumane uyilo oluthi ubunjwe zoonxantathu ezimbini, nganye uza kusebenzisa ubude nomlenze eludongeni, lo gama i-umlenze elifutshane iza kuwa phezu kwephahla kobuhle ngezitena. Xa bethetha uphahla kwegaraji engamarhoqorhoqo, ukuba, le hypotenuse lo nxantathu kufuneka zenze ithambeka kophahla. Ezakhiwe ukuba ezihlangene crosswise imiqadi amalungiselelo ngaphantsi weMahalati bethetha obandayo kwezinto ezifulelwe.

Okunye malunga nophahla oqingqiweyo ka igaraji

Wooden uphahla gable iigaraji kungaba, kwesi sakhelo ukhandwa iprojekthi ngokwanelisayo elula. Ukuze wenze oku, amalungiselelo imiqadi, leyo zimiswe ngokwemigca amabini kwaye babe imilo efanayo. Amalungiselelo izinto ezinjalo kufuneka kweendonga ezimbini ngaxeshanye. Hlanganisa imiqadi ezincotsheni xitsunga elinye. I ayanyuka ithambeka kukuthi, kokukhona isixa izinto zokwakha ezifunekayo ukuze ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo lophahla. Asimele silibale malunga ubude umqadi, nto leyo idityaniswe kumgama ngokulinganayo isibonelelo malunga nemibhalo. Ngokutsho ezisekele kufuneka ilungiswe ukuba bazalise inkqubo sheathing kunye njengenyathelo kuyimfuneko, oko kumiselwa ubungakanani izinto zokuxhoma uphahla.

izincomo isazi

Kuba ekumisweni weMahalati ivaleleke kophahla kufuneka athenge bar kwecandelo square zinamacala-5 cm. Efanelekileyo ibhodi mm 25, ogama ububanzi nemiqulu cm-15 ukuya ku-20., Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo izinto nophahla ngokuba uMahalati ikhethiwe, unako ukwenza uyilo iqinile okanye inyathelo elithile, esi sokugqibela sona kufuneka athobele imilinganiselo izinto zokuxhoma uphahla. uphahla leyo ephucula ukulungiselela igaraji iya kuba isithuba imbala. Yenza akayi kuba kunokwenzeka ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba nika usambathisa elungileyo.

Ukukhethwa izinto zokuxhoma

uyakwazi ukukhetha izixhobo ezahlukeneyo uphahla ifanele ezigquma uphahla:

• yophahla;
• Bikrost;
• ondulin;
• Steklobit.

Ukuba uza eluphahleni bamisa, ungasebenzisa:

• yophahla metal;
• Asbestos-isamente sheets ;
• Iphepha trapezoidal;
• Iphepha smooth kwalenza.

izinto ezifulelwe ezifulelwe

Iron egaraji unako azigubungele izinto nophahla, esetyenziswa uphahla. Oku kuya kufuna i skeleton crate eqinileyo zilala phezu ngokwayo kufuneka ukusekwa iibhulorho. Zingangenwa kufuneka ibekwe phakathi izinto nophahla kunye nembasa. Oku kuya kudala ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo oluvela ibingenakunyakama. Zophahla waziva kuthengiswa imiqulu wawubeka kuyimfuneko kwiiseli ezininzi. Emazantsi ababini ngakwimida, lo gama i-top - inshorensi, kufuneka ibe yeyona ashinyeneyo. Iron egaraji asindiswe ngokusebenzisa nophahla waziva ukufuma, le umphezulu nisoloko ngetha ukumitha. Eminye welula maleko wokuqala, ibekwe kummango kwemiqathango ngaxeshanye. Kubalulekile ukunika seqela intshi-10. izinto eyongezelelweyo esisigxina yi iinzipho okanye ngezikhonkwane, umgama phakathi kwabo kufuneka-30 cm. Ngaphezu koko, umphezulu ehlanganiswa itha uqhanyiswa kuyo nophahla obekwe, eli xesha kufuneka ibekwe nkqo ukuya maleko wokuqala. Imicu kufuneka zilala phezu yi aphephe. Iikona ezi siphindwe izibilini. I "khekhe" engumphumela nenqubo kwakhona buzane ngebhitumene ukuze ukubeka umaleko lesithathu izinto nophahla, kufuneka ibekwe nkqo emthonjeni yesibini.

Kubalulekile ukuba ihlale engqondweni imfuno izinto zokubopha kunye ukudlulela. Lilonke ukutyabeka nama-15 eminyaka, ngoko ke umphezulu kuya kufuneka ukuba ibuyekezwe. Kwakhona egaraji olwalusele nga azigubungele izinto nophahla, nto leyo endaweni basebenzisa nucleoside mihla ngakumbi kuhlobo evroruberoida okanye Rubemast. Ezi izinto babe plasticity ephakamileyo, nobomi inkonzo yabo engama-30. Analogs zezinto nophahla zemveli ingasetyenziswa kwi izidanga kophahla, bona babe imbonakalo nomtsalane ngakumbi.

izixhobo Ukulungiselela kunye nezinto ngaphambi evroruberoida

Ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa evroruberoid yonke eluphahleni kwegaraji, kufuneka Stock up on a ezithile izixhobo kunye nezinto, kubandakanywa:

• evroruberoid;
• asphalt yemastic;
• blowtorch okanye igesi sokukhuphela inkcukacha;
• hook metal.

Ukusebenza evroruberoida

egaraji olwalusele zinokugutyungelwa ngoncedo evroruberoida. Kulula ukufaka ngaphezu yophahla oluqhelekileyo. Phambi kokuqala umsebenzi, akukho mfuneko yokusingatha kwisiseko. Izinto itshiswa yaye ukulungele. Kuba ukusebenza engcono kuyimfuneko ukunyanga isiseko igada yemastic. Umaleko esezantsi izinto itshiswe blowtorch de abile umaleko. Umphezulu itshiswe kakhulu. Metal hook kufuneka ukhulule incwadi esongwayo, ngokubekwa izinto nophahla ngaphandle ukwakha usonga okanye zomoya. Le ekukhuseleni uphahla nga ibekwe umaleko ube mnye, nangona kunjalo, esilala kusafuneka siyenze. ububanzi bayo inokuba 150 mm. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvuza, kuyimfuneko ukuba abeke izinto ezikwi imi iigaraji elandelayo 100 mm okanye ngaphezulu. Kuba ukufudumeza ekhuselekileyo Kungcono usebenzise blowtorch, kodwa kufuna isixa esikhulu kukudla kuyo. Maxa wambi kusetyenziswa sokukhuphela igesi amaphepha, oko kuyasebenza, kodwa kuyingozi ngenxa lombhobho segesi.

uphahla eziphathekayo

Ekukhuseleni uphahla ngekhonkrithi ingakumbi kuyimfuneko. Le umqadi asezantsi mfiliba iibhodi, wayibeka phezu ngomaleko nophahla waziva, leyo mayixhonywe kuxwebhu metal ezomileyo okanye ukudala isiseko. Ngamanye amaxesha inkxaso kubonakala ngokwaneleyo oluthembekileyo, oko nje nje kukodwa ubunzima eluphahleni. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka uthathelwe ingqalelo malunga ubukho lisekela, omnye uya kwanela-50 m ^2.

Ngaphezu koko wakha formwork ngenxa eziphathekayo eyothi. Liphela ecaleni imiqadi kufanelekile, loo seli kufuneka alingane 200x200 mm. Ukuze kuthintelwe zatshatyalaliswa yesisombululo, umxube ibekwe phantsi inkunkuma nokuqinisa. Ngexesha ukubeka ikhonkrithi kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba igridi na ukuhamba. igaraji kophahla eziphathekayo ii ngokugalela umxube izabelo ezilingeneyo kudilizwa phezu komhlaba. Ukususela kumaxesha rattles formwork xesha, kuya kuhamba isisombululo made.

isiphelo

Ngoku uyazi ukuba hayi, ukunqunyulwa kwakho kophahla igaraji. Ungasebenzisa izinto ezininzi mihla, kodwa abanye bakhetha ukugcina, esebenzisa, umzekelo, izinto zokuxhoma uphahla. Kubalulekile ukucinga ngokusebenzisa indlela ixesha oza kuba ukulungele ukwenza ukulungisa, kuba ngamanye amaxesha oko kunilungele ngakumbi ukuba usebenzise izixhobo zokwakha ukuba abe nobomi inkonzo ende. Kwaye ukuba ufuna ukugcina, kungcono ukuba sihlale kuphahla egaraji, njengoko ibandakanya imali encinci eziphathekayo ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye.