Uphi na yamangcwaba Kotovskogo?

ummi ngamnye Russian, ingakumbi abantu abadala elithi "yamangcwaba" lu dityanisiwe isakhiwo lenyengane kwi-Red Square, apho ugcina a Mama ka Lenin. Kodwa asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba kusekho mausoleums ezimbini. Inyaniso kukuba kwi-mveliso wewayini, kwaye indawo yokungcwaba abadumile ugqirha Russian N. I. Pirogova, kodwa eyaziwa, kodwa isibakala sokuba kukho yamangcwaba Kotovskogo - nesabasilaleleyo ombambe zam yonke kumzantsi-ntshona eRashiya, ukanti waye waduma hero yemfazwe Civil, bambalwa uyazi.

Robin Gud evela Bessarabia

Kotovskogo yamangcwaba yakhiwa nangoko emva kokubulawa kwakhe ngo-Agasti 1925. Kolwaphulo- mthetho, umnini owayesakuba omnye ngomzimba kuyabiza kakhulu e Odessa, Zayder Meer. Iimeko ityala kunye indlela elandelayo abasemagunyeni yabangela imibuzo emininzi, iimpendulo apho akungekwazeki ukuba ifunyenwe. Noko ke, izinto eziza kuqala.

Kotovskiy Grigoriy Ivanovich, ogama yamangcwaba yenye ezintathu, eyakhiwa waseUSSR, wazalwa ngo-1881 usapho abakumgangatho ophakathi, abahlala kuloo lali Gancheshty Bessarabia. Ukususela heroes bakhe ebuntwaneni baba ngamaqhawe zeencwadi malunga abaphangi ezindilekileyo, wayeyintloko phakathi apho Robin Gud. Kunzima ukutsho oko ingcamango wabanumzana, wafunda ukufunda, kodwa osisigwinta, nokulinga nongoyiki, Gregory kungekudala yayidume lonke Bessarabia.

Kotovsky waba eko bam, xa kuqala wayetyholwa nasekuqiniseni amaxwebhu nobusela imali. Okufunayo ngamapolisa, yena walahleka, ukusinda phezu ubusela ezincinane, de, ekugqibeleni, nto baqhelane SRs-abagrogrisi, ukuba nizalise mali party nokuhluthwa kwepropati ukusuka izityebi zalapha, ngamanye amazwi, libandakanywe ukuphanga nezimanyumnyezi. imisebenzi efana aphelela kunxibelelana ingcamango yakhe ubomi obufezekileyo.

band yabo entsha efumaneka

Kungekudala, emva-ngemihla yamva Robin Guda iintlobo nemihlaba baphangwe utshiswe, yaye kwathiwa wayefuna nje mthetho ingakumbi yingozi, intloko yakhe awazixela umvuzo. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva Kotovskij hlukana ngeendlela zakhe ababehamba-njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, bawahlanganisa nemigulukudu ngoonqalintloko lithemba, ukuphanga kuqhubeka ngoku ngaphandle imvelaphi kwezopolitiko.

Akwaziwa ukuba nantoni liyaphuma kwemigodi lemiguvela lilishwa kwaye behlelelekile, kokubini iincwadi malunga Robin Gude, kodwa isikhulu kwaye uqikelelo yakhe ukusukela ngoko baba ivame kakhulu zokutyela Odessa kunye nezamahenyukazi.

emva kwezitshixo

Nangona kunjalo gangster ulonwabo iyaguquguquka, yaye emva kwethutyana yi Kotovsky Wavalelwa yaphambi kwetyala. Kukho iingxelo ukuba wabanjwa kwi tip bakhe bangaphambili abahlobo-SRs. Ngaphandle kokuba inkundla izama ukudlala ukusuka Kotovsky ngokwakhe ukulwa ubulungisa kwezentlalo, nto leyo ethandwa kakhulu ngaloo minyaka, wagwetywa yomsebenzi onzima kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini '. Phambi kokuthumela eqongeni Gregory yenza kusinde ebhegini entolongweni kunye Kishinev kwakhona ngokubanzi, kodwa ke ixesha elifutshane - Ngoko, kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa kamva wabanjwa kwaye ithunyelwe ngemixokelelwane ukuya emantla Russia.

Iminyaka elishumi ezayo yakhe Raider yobomi ukwaphulwa eqhuba kusakhiwa Amur kaloliwe nasemigodini promorzlyh Nerchinsk zam. Apha yande ukuthembeka, belele engcwabeni ajikelezileyo inxalenye elite wayo - lisela emthethweni. Oku kungqinwa umvambo iimpawu liprintwe kwifom iinkophe maziqhubeke de kube sekupheleni kobomi. Engagunyaziswanga isicelo yayo ngamasela imithetho sono silingenwe kukufa.

Ukumkani lemimoya

Ngowe-1913, Kotovsky, ngokubulala oonogada ababini, buphuma emgodini. Eli xesha ukubamba mbaleki akwenzeki, yaye kungekudala agqabhuke Odessa, apho waba ngomnye ookumkani kwelabafileyo. gang kwakhe ebulala Odessa owayesisityebi yaye wenza ntoni na namhlanje ebizwa emsindweni - walihlahlisa ukuba amisele osomashishini basekuhlaleni.

Kodwa ke eli xesha, uGregory watshintsha amaqhinga. Yena uza engqondweni yam ingongoma elula okulungileyo - kunokuba ukuba ububi amapolisa, kungcono ukuba ukwabelana chola amaxhoba kunye nakubagcini babantwana odolo kunye cwaka benze umsebenzi wabo. Ukususela ngoku, ngokusemthethweni Uyafunwa, yena wayehlala ngokuphandle kule hotele best Odessa kunye zokutyela ukuba batyelele ngokukhululekileyo.

Le nkalo nemisebenzi yakhe lusoloko bacinezelwa biographers yiSoviet rhoqo ubhenca Kotovskogo kwindima hero zamaqhawe Robin Guda, leyo waphupha umntwana ukuxelisa. Kodwa ke ubungqina aziwa - izinto banenkani, kunye namaxwebhu ezininzi wakhululwa ngexesha lolungelelwaniso, wavumela ukuba bahlole umfanekiso wakhe.

ekufeni

Kodwa masikhe zingangenwa lindikhohlile. iminyaka emithathu wesihlangu ithamsanqa, okanye, ngolwimi lwabo - "Fartagh" ophele ukubanjwa engalindelekanga ngokupheleleyo. Ngowe-1916, xa yokuguguma kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, yaye amandla e Odessa eliphethwe Jikelele Brusilov - indoda kanzima nongenayo, Kotovsky wabanjwa kwaye isigqibo inkundla igwebe baxhonywa. Kodwa ulonwabo ayizange iguquke apha - ixesha lokugqibela isohlwayo sokufa saba sobomi entolongweni.

nomlawuli ebomvu

A nqanaba entsha ubomi recidivist lukhuni uba ekuqaleni War Civil. Nangona yokuba emva kokuba revolution Februwari zakhutshwa onke amabanjwa ezopolitiko, izaphuli-mthetho entolongweni, yaye ukuba akhululeke, Kotovsky wacela ukuba umthume ngaphambili. Ukwanelisa isicelo, yaye kungekudala waba isosha oluBomvu Army, yaye emva kwethutyana - kwaye nenjengele isicima. Xa advance rapid enjalo iye ikhono lakhe kulawula nabanye yaye babakhokele. Yinto isaphulelo njengoko ukungafihlisi kunye isibindi semvelo.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngexesha leMfazwe Civil, abasemagunyeni e Odessa amaxesha amaninzi watshintsha wegqitha ukusuka kwesinye isandla. Xa Kwenzeka ukuba Kotovsky, hlalani kuwo umzi oyiYerusalem, wayithimba ezimhlophe, kwafuneka asabe, waza wachitha iintsuku eziliqela ezimela enye nezamahenyukazi obutofotofo Odessa, umnini ogama umbulali yakhe elizayo Zayder Meer. Ukushiya i yokusabela engaqhelekanga enjalo Kotovskij wabathembisayo ithuba ukubulela umkhululi wakhe. Kwaye ityala kwiminyaka embalwa thaca.

Race amandla

The War Civil yaphela, yaye ekupheleni kukaDisemba 1922 kwimephu yehlabathi wabonakala urhulumente inkulu - i-Union of Soviet Socialist. Ngubani wafa kwiminyaka emibini kamva uLenin indawo yi uStalin entlokweni karhulumente. Ukususela ngosuku lokuqala uqala umzabalazo ekufuneni xi ezandleni zakhe zonke amandla khipha abo bakwazi ukukhuphisana naye, kodwa ke, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, abameli umyalelo ngaphezulu yomkhosi.

Phakathi kwabo inkxalabo ethile yinkokeli, aba ngabathetheli njengoko M. V. Frunze, M. N. Tuhachevsky, G. K. Ordzhonikidze, kwaye, kakade, GI Kotovsky, owaphumelela i igama engaqhelekanga phakathi Red Army kwiminyaka imfazwe yokugqibela nembambano abahlali imihlaba akhululwe kubo. Kuyo Stalin wabona mbangi ezinokufumaneka, nto leyo ilingana kokusayina isigwebo sentambo kwimeko efanayo.

contract lokubulala

Emva kweMfazwe Civil kunye nokusekwa kwe amandla yiSoviet e Odessa onke amaziko cereal ziye zavalwa, kuquka yamahenyukazi Zaydera Meer. Ukuba ingeniso elahlekileyo, wajika ukuba uncedo Kotovsky, ngubani kanye balapho kuye usindiso zabo, waza waba yindoda enamandla kakhulu. Efuna ukubuyisela okulungileyo okulungileyo, wanikela umhlobo wakhe omdala intloko wokhuseleko-mveliso iswekile, apho, ngokutsho kwabanye, utyale imali, okanye njengoko batshovo - imali baphanga kule nezangaphambili.

Ukuzama ukuqonda oko kwenzekayo ngexesha ebusuku Agasti 6, 1925, xa imbumbulu Meer sel yaphela ubomi edume Corps Commander, kwafika nabaphandi ukuya kwisigqibo ukuba kwakungekho nto ngaphandle yokubulawa isivumelwano, ngumququzeleli leyo Stalin, kunye inkqenkqeza - Zayder Meer. It akwaziwa ukuba indlela kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuba enze ulwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa kucacile ukuba ngomnye kwabambalwa bangaya ngokukhululekileyo i Kotovsky, rhoqo phantsi ngumlindi. Ukuxhasa olu guqulelo iqela izibakala.

Emangalisayo, izangqa urhulumente phantse ngoyaba ukufa kwalowo wayethandwa izigidi zabantu yaye omnye kubathetheli banempembelelo. kuphela "Inyaniso" iphephandaba ukuzahlulela yonke kumajelo eendaba eli lizwe imigca embalwa yale siganeko, yaye yaba owalela nakuphi na ukukhankanywa Kotovsk kule minyaka izayo. Ungumbulali yena wabanjwa kungekudala, wazama, kodwa koko abantu bakulindeleyo ethandwayo basinda iminyaka elishumi entolongweni, kodwa wakhululwa ngenxa yokuziphatha kakuhle emva kweminyaka emithathu. Kwilizwe apho shot kuphela ngokusekelwe urhano itulo abagrogrisi, enyanisweni, uxolele mbulali a laseburhulumenteni owaziwayo. Noko ke, loo nto ayizange elide waphila. Owayesakuba kotovtsy wafunyanwa wabulala ngaphandle inceba.

Indawo apho egqitshiwe Kotovskij

Xa yamangcwaba kwi Red Square kangangonyaka baphumla Mama ka Lenin, kwaye phezulu isigqibo yabaqholiweyo Kotovskogo - amava ezilungileyo. Ngosuku olulandelayo emva kokufika evela kwiqela ukubulala eyinkunzi, nelikhokelwa ngu Prof. Vorobyov, ngubani kwanyakenye owayesemasimini umzimba inkokheli, kwaye iqala prodelyvat ezi zazo efanayo kunye iintsalela edume Amanxusa Commander. Ngelo xesha kufuphi Odessa kwilali Birzula yamangcwaba ungxamile kwakhiwa Kotovskogo apho waza wabeka Ma yakhe yabaqholiweyo. Sami Umngcwabo wajika ngoko yaba umboniso yesizwe.

kwilali Birzula, apho yamangcwaba Kotovskogo yayimiliselwe ngoko nangoko emva komngcwabo hero labizwa Kotovsk. Waba yindawo yemibhiyozo intsomi ezinxulumene kwimibhiyozo esemthethweni eSoviet. Njengoko sele ngokwemveli owabanjwa ukubonakaliswa abasebenzi kunye umsitho oovulindlela ebantwaneni babo. Liyinyaniso elokuba, yena Grigoriya Kotovskogo yamangcwaba yavalwa kungekudala, kwaye yokwamkelwa kwabafundi ihlaziywe nayo.

beminyaka yemfazwe

Ngowe-1941, amaJamani ahlasela Kotovsk. Yamangcwaba of G. I. Kotovskogo ukuba zitshatyalaliswe, kwaye umzimba iphoswe nje kude. Emva inkululeko, kwakukho iingxelo ukuba abahlali basekuhlaleni baye bafumanisa phakathi isidumbu silahlwe emhadini wadubula ngabo abahlali baloo lali ekule hero uzigcinele de ekupheleni kwemfazwe. Ngaba yinyaniso, akwaziwa, kodwa kucingelwa ukuba umzimba Kotovskogo kwi yamangcwaba, awayakhayo ngokutsha emveni kwemfazwe - oku iintsalela bafumana belali.

yamangcwaba ivaliwe

Yamangcwaba Kotovskogo photo ukuba linikwa kwi nqaku, eyakhiwa ngo-1965, wayilwa ngumzobi Protsenko. Ngaphakathi ibekwe endlwini zinc kwebhokisi kunye encinane yewindow. Ekuhambeni kweminyaka, lo wokwenene makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, umfanekiso ezimbini le ndoda endaweni indlela yokuprinta intsomi hero elenziwa ze yiSoviet. Kotovskogo i yamangcwaba ngokwayo apho ebhokisini, umzimba wakhe, ivalelwe kude kube namhla.