Truss Foot: inkcazelo, ingakumbi ukubala zobukhulu

Ukwakhiwa eluphahleni lwendlu linqanam lokugqibela yokwakha. Esi siganeko kubalulekile, nto leyo kuxhomekeke zombini phakade yokusebenza yokwakha kunye nokhuseleko lwabantu abahlala apha. Ngaphandle ukubala esifanelekileyo kule meko akwanelanga.

isiqalelo olugunyazisiweyo yenkqubo liphela umqadi umlenze. Iya akhawunti ukuba umthwalo ezisisigxina nezexeshana. Ngoko ke, phambi kokuba enze ukufakelwa uphahla ngokwabo, kufuneka wazi zonke iinkcukacha zale nkqubo. Kukho imithetho ethile nemimiselo elawula lungiselelo kwenkqubo truss.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

inkqubo Truss ye uphahla kubume main inkxaso. Okubangela ukuba umthwalo omninzi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka kwenkqubo, unyawo ngamnye umqadi iqhotyoshelwe emibonweni. Oku kuvumela wophahla ukumelana zemimoya umoya, emigodini ikhephu kunye nezinye.

Izinto kwezi zinto zolwakhiwo iinkuni kaninzi. Kulula ukuba ukulungisa, kunye neendleko yokwehla kakhulu. Kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo ukumitha ekhethekileyo kubola kunye nomlilo.

I-engile ukutyekela elements uphahla ithambeka kophahla ilingana azifake. Ezantsi kwe umqadi isekelwe phezu mauerlat. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba asasaze umthwalo ngokulinganayo. Phezulu kwezi zinto isekelwe nemithi kwi Ebongozwa phezulu okanye esiphakathi.

Ezisekele maxa wambi ebizwa unyawo oxwesileyo okanye nakosnoy kunye kubekwa nje.

umthwalo

unyawo umqadi ubethwa ntshikilelo ezahlukeneyo. Oku ukwahluka ezisisigxina nezexeshana. Iqela lokuqala luquka ubunzima zizonke, nto leyo eye inkqubo truss, kwakunye nezinye izinto zokwakha (umphunga isithintelo, amanzi, nophahla, isileyiti). Kwakhona iquka izinto yomhombiso elingaphakathi okanye eliphezulu.

Imithwalo lunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Bangakwazi ibalwe malunga kuphela. Kulo mzekelo ithathele ingqalelo kwezulu liphezulu kunokwenzeka ezinokuthi zenzeke kule kwizowuni kwemozulu. Kwakhona phezu kophahla zingachaphazela umoya. Ukuba kule ndawo mide kwaye ninamandla amakhulu, kufuneka athathe ingqalelo le nxalenye izibalo.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo ubunzima abantu abaza kuphumeza nokwakhiwa yophahla okanye inkonzo kwixesha elizayo, kwakunye ixabiso lilonke izixhobo zabo. Thatha ingqalelo umthwalo, nto leyo eza kunika izixhobo ezongezelelweyo (itshimini, eriyali, nomoya, umoya, njalo njalo. D.). Ukuba uphahla ziya kufakwa izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo, uthabathe ingqalelo ubunzima zabo.

imithetho yokubala

Ukuze enze ukubalwa imilenze truss, ulandela uvavanyo umthwalo ukufumanisa uhlobo lwezinto, kwakunye neembono ezininzi le nkqubo ezifulelwe. It ziya kunqunyanyiswa okanye naslonnoy. Kwimeko yokuqala, imiqadi kukho iingongoma ezimbini, kodwa ke ezo inkxaso enkulu. Oku kudala amandla ingxa- tye. Imilenze izixhaso enze umsebenzi ucinezelo kunye ukugoba. Ukunciphisa le mizamo, wenziwe ngoncedo amalaphu anomyalezo umtshato wabo.

Naslonny uhlobo design esebenzayo kwizakhiwo eliphakathi ekuzaleni eludongeni okanye isekela esiphakathi kunye, Iziphelo apho adjoin iindonga ezingaphandle. Umqadi unyawo ngexesha elifanayo owenza umsebenzi a ukugoba. Kulo mzekelo, iindleko zizonke umbandela lifinyele. Kodwa inkqubo enjalo efanelekileyo kuphela ezo zakhiwo, isekela ezo bebekwe hayi ngaphezulu kwe 6.5 m.

Ukubala nokuba lithathele ingqalelo engile utyekelo eluphahleni. Kweli nqanaba, cinga nge naziphi na izinto ezongezelelweyo le nkqubo.

ubude

ubude umqadi kwakhona ebalwa ngokungqinelana zonke iimeko zokusebenza yangoku eluphahleni. Kuqala kufuneka amisele ubungakanani besakhiwo ngokwayo. Oku kuthatha ingqalelo zonke uqikelelo, lineevaranda, kwindawo ephantsi kophahla, nto leyo ibandakanya isicwangciso sokwakha.

Ngaphezu koko wacinga phezu imilo kunye engile ethambekeni. Ngaphezu koko, ngokususela kwidatha ezifunyenweyo, ekhethiweyo ubude umqadi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli nani ayidluli 6 m. Oku kubangelwa komgangatho imithi ethengisiweyo. Ukuba uthenge izinto ezahlukeneyo elide, kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule imali ophucukileyo imali.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ezi zinto noshowo ziyanda. Imfuno imiqadi elide maxa wambi kwenzeka ekuzalweni okutsha hipped, poluvalmovaya okanye izixhaso oxwesileyo.

sigaba

Emva zokubala ubude ezifunekayo ukumisela icandelo umqadi emnqamlezweni. Kwi uhlobo ezichatshazelwe izinto ezininzi. Zonke iimeko zokusebenza ethile ukuya eluphahleni, kuya kuba ixabiso kule nkqubo. kwinqanaba umthwalo, kwithambeka kophahla, kukho uhlobo zophahla kufuneka ucinge xa ukhetha i candelo. Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba ummandla uwonke sokwakha, lwesimo zayo. Imiba ngaphezulu kuya kuba nefuthe kwi ukusebenza yokwakha, eli candelo ngokubanzi imiqadi kufuneka ekhethiweyo.

Kwakhona musa ukulibala ukuthatha ingqalelo ummandla imozulu ethile. Kubalulekile ukuba izicwangciso nangoko uhlobo izinto ezisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo emiqadini. Amaninzi, le kweenkuni. Kufuneka ube esemgangathweni. Wood ubumanzi for izixhaso kufuneka 20-22%.

Namhlanje, kukho iinkqubo ezininzi ezizodwa ezikuvumela ukuba ukubala umnqamlezo-candelo umqadi. Ukuze aphephe iimpazamo, kufuneka usebenzise kubo. Kodwa ke unelungelo lokuba ukushiyela lo msebenzi ukuba iingcali. Eyona ethandwayo ubungakanani yecandelo - mm-50 ukuya 150.

step nokubekwa

Umqadi ngonyawo, imilinganiso apho zibalwe ngokwezikhokelo practice wokwakha elungileyo, idinga ukufakwa efanelekileyo. Oku kuya kufuna inyathelo ukubala ingqokelela ezi zinto zezakhiwo.

Kulo mzekelo, indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa umthwalo, banayo miba ingasentla phezu kwendlu. Kakuhle kukhethwa parameters imiqadi ngoncedo iitafile ezizodwa, unako ukubala inyathelo ingqokelela. Necandelo standard ubungakanani (50 150 mm) kunye ubude 3 Umgama m phakathi imiqadi ziya kuba-1 m.

Ukuba inqanaba umthwalo liphezulu, le metric lifinyele. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa akuzange kophahla. Kwimeko izixhaso kunye mgangatho cross-icandelo kodwa ubude 4-4.5 m, langutela phakathi isakhiwo lifinyele ku-60 cm.

Kwithambeka uphahla nayo ebalulekileyo izibalo. Ngokomzekelo, xa kwithambeka degrees 45 izixhaso inyathelo unako ukufikelela 120-140 cm. Kodwa kwimeko ilahleko elumelwaneni lwaloo isixa esikhulu kwezulu, eli nani lincitshiswe ukuya 60-80 cm.

Usekela obandayo

Node umqadi inezigaba ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka ethole, nedawo kunye ezikhaphukhaphu. Oku kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ukuthatha kwabo inxaxheba kwinkqubo enye ububanzi encinane. Ukuba akwenjinjalo, isakhiwo ekugqibeleni truss nga SAG. Ngoko ke, kwiimeko ezinjalo, nika grille okhethekileyo.

Imilenze imiqadi, njengoko yaziwa, ngokusekelwe mauerlat. osemqoka kwakhe ngapha kobubanzi zokwakha okanye kugqunywe nje ngaphantsi iziqalelo zoyilo. Ukuba inkqubo truss ngomthi, mauerlat ezenziwe iinkuni okanye imithi. Oku ukuphakama sikhokelo. Kodwa Izitena mauerlat efakiweyo ilungelelaniselwe kumphezulu engaphakathi iindonga. Fit therebetween zingangenwa umaleko.

Ukufakelwa uphahla aqhelekileyo

Umqadi unyawo kunye mauerlat enze izinto ezibalulekileyo kakhulu lobume yonke. Ngomhla ukuchaneka yokufaka kuxhomekeka kumgangatho eluphahleni. Bangakwazi mayixhonywe ngeendlela ezimbini. Ufakelo olungqongqo okanye uhambise. iintlobo elililo elikhethwe ngokohlobo lwenkqubo truss (naslonnaya, sijinga).

uhlobo attachment ziqinile eqinisekisa nokungakwazi eso sakhiwo. Kulo mzekelo, imiqadi wenze avambe. ekhethiweyo iyalungiswa yimicu yesinyithi, iikona, ucingo okanye iinzipho elide.

Ngokuhambisa uxhulumaniso kwakhona ngokuba pivot. Ukuba ufuna ukuqinisekisa inkululeko yokulungisa izinto yamaplanga kwi isakhelo, olu hlobo ufakelo uyakukhetha. Kwi ezisekele yenza ukusela ikhuselekile ngezikhonkwane ezimbini mauerlat. Bona imhlabe obliquely. Enye isikhonkwane ngesando phezulu.

Ukufakwa gambrel kophahla

Xa amalungiselelo hipped uphahla umlenze truss kudla ixesha elide kwe-6 m. Apha amandla efunekayo ukwenza. iibhodi ezimbini truss zalala. Kulo mzekelo, ufuna ukuba awomeleze. Le nkqubo ibandakanya lilungiselelo ezikhaphukhaphu. Oku kwezibonda nkqo, apho ukwakhiwa umiselwe hayi iziqwenga ngaphezulu kwama-2.

Ezi ukusekelwa zisekelwe ingaphakathi womthi. Oku zixhonywe kwisilingi okanye kutsala. izinto truss oxwesileyo ihlala ixesha elide ngaphezu eziqhelekileyo. Bona phantsi umthwalo, leyo 1.5 ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo. Ngoko ke, inkqubo na inzuzo kule meko nje ezinye endaweni yazo.

Ekubeni ngomsebenzi iinkalo ezifana truss yonyawo, umakhi ngamnye mfundi kusichukumisa nzulu inkqubo yokwakhiwa kophahla. Ukungqinelana zonke iikhowudi yokwakha kunye nemimiselo , unako ukufikelela uyilo kwizinga eliphezulu.