Ingakanani ukulala kwisibhedlele ngomoya wokuba nomntu omdala okanye umntwana?

Ubude bokuhlala esibhedlele-p-pumonia kubhedlele kwixesha, umgangatho womzimba, umlinganiselo wemonakalo yemiphunga kunye nezifo ezithintekayo.

Indlela yokugqiba ixesha lesibhedlele?

Emva kokugqiba esibhedlele nge-pneumonia, umbuzo uvela: uninzi kangakanani ukulala esibhedlele ngesifo se-pneumonia? Eli xesha lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi: ubunzima besifo, ubudala, uhlobo losulelo, ukuvutha komzimba. Kubantwana kunye nabalupheleyo, ubude bonyango buyongezwa ngokukrokrelwa kweengxaki.

Bangaphi ukulala esibhedlele nge-pneumonia, uchaza okanye uzimisele ugqirha oya kwiziko lokuhlalutya, umfanekiso wesifuba sesifuba nangemva kokuqikelela kwimeko yempilo yesigulane. Ukuvuvukala kwe-sternum kwandiswe ngokunyanga. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo izigulane zifuna uncedo ngelixesha lesigxina esiphambili xa kufuneka ukuba uthathe iziyobisi ezinamandla. Emva kwamanyathelo anjalo, iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba zibalulekile ukuphawula kwinqanaba lokuqala kwaye zilungise unyango olungasebenzi.

Izigulane zingenqaba ukulaliswa esibhedlele, kodwa oogqirha abanamava bayavuma ukuba imiphunga yesifo isifo esiyingozi, kwaye abanye bangabangela ukufa. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba ulandele imiyalelo yesigqirha. Uya kugqiba ukuba ungaphila esibhedlele nge-pneumonia kwaye ukhethe isiza esinokukhusela. Lo mbuzo ubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo xa ukhetha indlela yokulwa nesifo kubantwana abasetywayo nabakhulelweyo.

Oogqirha bafumana njani ubude bokubhedlelelwa esibhedlele?

Ukuqonda ubuninzi bokulala kwisibhedlele nge-pneumonia, kufuneka uqhelane nencwadana yezokwelapha, uncede uhlalutye ngokukhawuleza ubunzima besifo semiphunga. Ukulandela imiyalelo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo, unokuphepha ukuphazamiseka okungafanelekanga kwaye uphinde uvuselele ixesha ngexesha leengxaki ezinzima. Ukuhlalutya, imigaqo ethile isetyenzisiweyo: imeko yesigulane sempilo, ukukwazi ukunyamezela iintsholongwane ezinamandla. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqonda ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto eziphawulekayo ekuphuculeni kwinkqubo yokwenza unyango.

Bangaphi abantwana abahlala esibhedlele nge-pneumonia, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokuvuvukala, lwahlukana ngokukhanya, eliphakathi kunye elinzima. Izibhedlele zifunwa kuphela kwimeko yokugqibela, kodwa kunye neengxaki ezilula, isifo sinokuhlala kwinyanga.

Qinisekisa ekuhambeni kokugula, bangaphi abantwana abasesibhedlele abane-pneumonia, kunzima. Ugqirha ubeka ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili, okuya kulungiswa ziziphumo zokuqwalasela. Ukukhutshwa kwangaphambili kunokwenzeka kuphela ekungabikho kwempawu yokuvuvukala nokubikezela okulungileyo kokubuyiselwa kwezempilo ekhaya.

Indlela yokuhlola imeko yesigulane

Xa uphendula umbuzo ukuba ubuninzi be-pneumonia baphathwa njani kwisibhedlele esikhulileyo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izigulane zinesimo esibi kwaye zihlala zifumana iingxaki zesicwangciso esinye. Iziguli zidinga ukuhlolwa rhoqo. Kwizifo ezingapheliyo, ukungonakaliswa kwimeko yezempilo kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Imizuzu yokungenzi nto ibangela ukukhubazeka, nto leyo iya kufuna iminyango eyongezelelweyo yokubuyiselwa.

Oogqirha basebenzisa i-CURB65 esemgangathweni, evumela ukuvavanya imeko yesigulane kwiindawo. Indlela yokwenza isekelwe kuvavanyo oluqukethe iimpendulo zemibuzo. Impendulo nganye, amanqaku afakwe, impendulo ifomatiweyo kwaye isalathisi esilinganiselweyo sesigulane siyifumene. Sisebenzisa uluhlu lokubala isiphumo.

Imigaqo yokuhlola imeko yesigulane

Zingaphi iintsuku zonyango zonyango kwi-esibhedlele zixhomekeke kwiimpendulo kule miyalelo elandelayo:

• Umxinzelelo woxinzelelo awubuyanga ixesha elide. Ku ngezantsi.
• Iqondo le-urea egazini lihlolwa, amanqaku asekwe kwiimpawu ezingaphezulu kwe-7 mmol / l.
• Iphawula ibonakalisa ukuphazamiseka ngezikhathi ezithile.
• Isigulane sineminyaka engama-65 ubudala.

Naluphina, impendulo eyodwa enokuthi isigulane kufuneka ifakwe esibhedlele. Umyalelo uvumela ukuba isigulane sifanele sithunyelwe esibhedlele. Impendulo yombuzo, ubuninzi be-pneumonia baphathwa esibhedlele, kuya kunikwa ugqirha ngokulandela iziphumo zokuqwalasela nokuhlalutya.

Iimeko eziyingozi

Ingakanani ixesha esibhedlele nge-pneumonia, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba leengxaki kunye nohlobo lokuvuvukala. Ukuchonga izimo ezibucayi, iimpawu ze-pneumonia ziyahluka:

• Ukushisa komzimba ophezulu, kunye noxiliseko olunamandla lomzimba.
• Isimo sesifo, xa ukuvuvukala kusasazeka kuzo zombini imiphunga.
• Isikhumba sibonakaliso esicacileyo somonakalo kwi-larynx kunye nemiphunga. Izimo ezinzima kunye nokungahoywa zihamba kunye ne-sputum e-purulent.
• Ukugquma okugxilwe kuhambisane nokubunjwa kwe-oksijini yomzimba. Ixesha lokuphefumula landa, liba lukhulu. Isigulane sesigulane sinzima xa ubukhulu bemijikelezo engama-30 ngomzuzu.
• Isigulane sinokukhathazeka kwengqondo. Konke oku kukhokelela ekuphuleni kwentetho, inkqubo yokucinga, kuba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi elula yemihla ngemihla.
• Ukufudumala komzimba kunye nokuxilisa kubangela ukungcola.

Ixesha lokuhlala esibhedlele

Zingaphi iintsuku zilele esibhedlele nge-pneumonia, kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yomntu. Kubantwana kunye nabantu abaneminyaka ephakamileyo, imiqathango iya kuba yinde, njengoko oogqirha bayandisa ixesha ngenxa yokwesaba ukulahleka ingxaki engapheliyo kwimvelaphi ye-pneumonia. Imfuneko enkulu yokuhlala esibhedlele ibonakala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala kokuvutha. Ngeli xesha, imiphumo emibi kakhulu ukusuka kwenyuka ngokukhawuleza kweempawu zinokwenzeka.

Izinsuku zokuqala zokugula zidinga ukuphumla kombhede, ukunyamekela rhoqo, unyango olungxamisekileyo kunye nokuhlaselwa okubukhali kwimpilo. Kwakhona, ukuphuculwa kwekhefu kunconywa, nawuphi na ukunyanzeliswa komzimba kungabandakanywa. I-pneumonia idla ngokuhamba kunye nokushisa komzimba ophezulu, abazama ukususa ngamachiza (kuphela ngaphezu kwe-39 ° C). Oku akusebenzi kwiintsana kunye nabantu abadala, nakwabantu abanezifo ezihlaselayo.

Ixesha elide kwisithuba esiphambili singakhokelela ekwakheni izilonda zengcinezelo, ukuthintela okufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo. Ngoko, izigulane zinconywa ukuba zenze isigamu seyure ukuhamba ekuseni kwaye kusihlwa.

Uncedo olongezelelweyo esibhedlele

Bangaphi abantu abadala abasesibhedlele nge-pneumonia kuxhomekeke kwizenzo zokuthintela ugqirha. Ukuze ukwandise umkhuhlane kunye nokukhuthaza amandla, ukunyuka kwamanzi okucoca i-phlegm kunye nokuvuvukala kwi-larynx kusetyenziswa. Ukunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa komzimba, isiphuzo esininzi sinqunywe: i-compotes kwifom efudumele, itiye yemifuno, izandi kunye neziphuzo zeziqhamo kwiziqhamo ezisanda kutyalwa kunye namajikijolo.

Isondlo sesondlo siya kunceda ukuqeda umthwalo owongezelelweyo kwinkqubo yokutya. Iisobho ezinconywayo, imifuno yemifuno, izitya zentlanzi, imifuno entsha. Ulwaphulo lwe-oksijeni luya kunceda ukugcina umlinganiselo we-O2. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukusweleka kwezinto ezibalulekileyo kubandakanya ukuphuphuma umoya.

Ukuxilongwa kwezigulane esibhedlele

Ukukhuphela ukuxilongwa okungahambiyo kunye nokudla okungafanelekanga kwamachiza ngexesha lokonyango, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqhutywe uviwo olupheleleyo ngoncedo lweendlela zobugcisa zanamhlanje. Okokuqala, oogqirha baqhuba uviwo lweklinikhi, bachonge izikhalazo zomntu ongene. Inqanaba lokuqala lokubandakanyeka kwepommonali lisekwa, kwaye i-X-ray ithathwa. Njengeendlela ezongezelelweyo, ukucinga nge-magnontic resonance kunye ne-tomography ekhompyutheni ingasetyenziswa.

Ukuxilongwa kungenziwa kwakhona phambi kweempawu kunye nee-radiographs, ezenzeka kwiimeko ezininzi. Uncedo olukhawulezileyo lunceda ukunyanga i-pneumonia ngaphandle kweengxaki ngexesha elifutshane. Kwiintsuku ezingama-5 isigulane sinokubuyisela impilo yakhe kwaye sinokukhutshwa esibhedlele.

Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo

Njengenkcazo yomzimba wesigulane, oogqirha banokuyifumana kwii-diagnostic ezongezelelweyo. Okubalulekileyo izibonakaliso zegazi: izinga le-urea, izixhobo zesibindi kunye nenani le-electrolytes, umlinganiselo wezinto ezinobuncipheko kwixabiso elipheleleyo legazi.

Ukongezelela, isifundo senziwa ngenxa yobunzima be-pneumococci emzimbeni ngeendlela ze-PCR kunye nokufunyanwa kwe-DNA ye-pathogen. Kuya kuba yinto engabonakaliyo ukujonga ii-antigens ze-L. pneumophila kumchamo, kunye nokuqhuba uhlaziyo lwe-immunofluorescence kwi-bteriki. Ukuba isigulane asiyifaki imimiselo imeko, ngoko ugqirha wenza i-diagnostic ngokwayo ngokwengqiqo. Ngokukhawuleza ukubambezeleka kubangela iingxaki ezikhokelela ekukhubazekeni kwesigulane.

Ukuququzelela ukuhlala kakuhle, abaxhasi, i-painkillers ingasetyenziswa. Ukutyunjwa kwe-blockers block akuvumelekanga. I-sputum kufuneka isuswe kwimiphunga. Ukuba oku kungenzeki, ke umbane uya kuqokelela kwi-thoracic organ. Ubunzima bokuphefumula kuya kuphazamisa imeko.

Umyinge wexesha lokunyanga esibhedlele

Ingakanani imiphunga yonyango ephathwayo esibhedlele kubantwana kuxhomekeke ekuthatheni amayeza. Amachiza asebenza ngokukhawuleza anqunyanyiswa ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho ukukrokra ukuvuvukala okukhulu kubantu abancinci nabadala. Oku kuyimfuneko ukukhuphekisa amathuba okuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kweengxaki, ezisoloko zenzeka kubantwana.

Amayeza omzimba athatyathwa nangemva kokuphucula umgangatho wezempilo ngokutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo ii-microbes emzimbeni. Iimvavanyo zonyango ziqala ukususela kwiintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-20 kuxhomekeke kwimeko yesigulane kunye nohlobo lwe-pathogen: kunye neziyobisi ze-staplocloccus zithatha iiveki ezingaphezu kwe-3, ngokunjalo zize ne-legionella; Usulelo lwe-pneumococcal lufuna unyango iintsuku ezingama-5, kwaye kunye nokusuleleka kwe-interebacterial kunye ne-Pseudomonas aeruginosa isifo, iipilisi zithathwa zingangenyanga.

Unyango lwabantu asebekhulile

Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala, impumoniya iyingozi. Iingxaki ezivela kwizifo ezingapheliyo zongeza iimpawu ezingenakulinganiswa. Izithambo kunye nethambo yomzimba zibuthathaka, ukukhuseleka akukwazi ukuchasa ibhaktheriya njengangaphambili. Imipu yingozi kakhulu ngenxa yamathambo enyama.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-asebekhulile, ukujikeleza kwegazi kuphelelwa yintliziyo ngenxa yokuphila okuhleliweyo. Konke oku kubeka izithintelo ekukhetheni amayeza. Ubungakanani bonyango luphezulu kakhulu kunezigulane ezincinci. Iingxaki kwimiphunga zingenza emva kokuba kubanda kakhulu, i-SARS. I-pneumonia ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngoko xa ukukrokra kokuqala ukuvuvukala kubonisa ngokukhawuleza isikhokelo sokubekwa esibhedlele.

Unyango lwa bantwana

Ingozi yokuvelisa i-pneumonia kukuba akukho zibonakaliso ezinzima kwiintsuku zokuqala zesifo. Iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci bayabonwa esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Ukubeka esweni rhoqo umntwana kuya kunceda ukuphepha isigaba esiphezulu sesifo, xa sele sidinga ukuvuselelwa.

Nge-inflammation yentsholongwane ayikho imfiva ephakamileyo, ukusuleleka akuniki ukukhwehlela kunye ne-sputum ekuqaleni kwesi sifo. Kwaye umntwana sele sele eziva ephilile, ubuthongo buphukile, isondlo siyanyamalala. Zingaphi iintsana ezisezibhedlele zine-pneumonia, kuxhomekeka kwisigqibo sokuba ugqirha.

Utshintsho kwimeko luyakwazi ukubonwa xa kuphefumlelwa umoya, ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okanye ukuphefumlelwa okungaphezulu. Kwiifoto ze-X-ray, indawo ezimnyama zibonakala. Xa kukho ukuvutha kwamagqabi anjalo kunokuba kuninzi. Ukugxekwa kwezi zi gulane kulungile. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa zokuthatha i-antibiotics, i-pneumonia iyadlula.

Isiphetho malunga nokunyanga senziwa ngesiseko sendlela elandelayo: ukuphefumula kunjalo, isigulane sinomuva kakuhle, akukho nto iphosakeleyo kwiifoto ze-sternum. Emva kokukhutshwa, kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uviwo lwesibini emva kweeveki ezintathu ukuqinisekisa iziphumo zonyango. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, unyango luphinda luphinde lusebenzise ezinye iziyobisi.

Akukhuthazwa ukuba uqhagamshelane nomntu onomoya-pneumonia odibana nabantu abanezempilo. Iibhaktheriya ziyahanjiswa kunye ne-saliva xa zikhwehlela, ngoko ziza kusondela.