Ingcaciso ebango: inkonzo nembono

Xa i ezinokhuphiswano ixabiso kwemfuneko, ukumisela ubukhulu bayo kunye noqikelelo ngabanikeli ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo phantse nayiphi na inkampani ukubonelela ngeenkonzo nempahla bathengisa. imfuno Marketing - isalathisi iphambili emarikeni. Yena into yokufunda esisigxina, ukwakheka, kweliso. Siya ndithi malunga kakuhle le meko kwimarike, malunga apho ngoku kumiselwa isidingo, ibunjiwe yintoni ezichaphazela ngayo.

Ingcamango yokufunwa

Kule ndlela ngokubanzi kwenkcazelo ibo azezi isixa impahla okanye iinkonzo, apho umthengi lowo ukulungele ukuba zidliwe ixesha elithile ngexabiso elithile. kwimfuno yabathengi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo emarikeni, oko isoloko isekelwe kwiimfuno zabantu. Ukuba akukho isidingo, ngoko kuya kubakho yentengiso okanye unikezelo kwaye kungoko apho kuya kubakho ubudlelwane emarikeni. Okuthenga amandla lusoloko ichazwe ngokwemimiselo yezemali. Ukuzimisela ebango - ngumsebenzi lomthengi, kuphela uya isigqibo sokuba ukulungele ukuba bathenge imveliso okanye inkonzo ngalo mzuzu ngexabiso elinikiweyo. Ngokuphathelele iintlobo ngeentlobo kwiimarike kunye neemfuno zabantu, zininzi izinto ezinefuthe imfuno ububanzi balo, naphezu kusekwe kwaye wakhululwa iintlobo ezininzi kule meko.

Umthamo ebango

Abavelisi impahla okanye iinkonzo, lezentengiso kufuneka uqonde kangakanani leeyunithi kwemveliso babe Ngokuqonda amandla. Ngoko ke, ukumiselwa umthamo imfuno kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ucwangciso imveliso kunye nolawulo yokuthengisa. Inqanaba yokufunwa - inani kweemveliso ezithile ngexabiso elithile, umthengi ukulungele ngokwenene ukuthenga isixa elithile. On yokuthengisa iphenjelelwa yimiba ezininzi ezifana emarikeni kunye nesimilo yabathengi.

iintlobo yokufunwa

Kukho iindlela ezininzi apho lokuhlela imfuno iimpahla okanye iinkonzo. Le nkcazelo lokuqala kwemfuno ezinxulumene iinjongo umthengi lowo. Kulo mzekelo ayikhuphi ngcembe, kunzima, elondoloza imfuno ngokuqinileyo ngesimilo nangokuchanekileyo. Umthengi ucinga ukuthenga kwangaphambili, ebonisa iimfuno engqongqo lophawu, umgangatho kunye nexabiso kweempahla kunye yokuphepha uze umisele izinto ezifanayo. Amaninzi, le imfuno yona iya kwenziwa imveliso njengesiqhelo, ngemihla (isonka, ubisi), ezo nathengwa kumathuba athile isixa esithile. Kwakhona, kukho enye okanye ngakanye, ukulimala okanye imfuno ethambileyo. Yena iphenjelelwa yimiba eyahlukeneyo kwindawo yentengiso. Umthengi isigqibo ukuthenga xa ufunda esi sivakalisi. Umzekelo, abantu bathenga izihlangu, iimpahla, zokuthambisa. Kunye nohlobo lwesithathu kwemfuno - 'ukungxama. Xa umntu akahleli ukwenza ukuthenga, kodwa phantsi kwempembelelo nayiphi na into ugqiba ukuthenga impahla. Amaninzi, le imfuno iye yabonakala ukuthengwa kwempahla amancinci: ukuhlafuna itshungama, itshokolethi.

Ngokutsho inani yentengiso yezinto bodwa makrospros kunye mikrospros. Okokuqala usebenza kulo lonke uluntu, kwaye eyesibini - kuphela abaphulaphuli elimxinwa.

Ngokutsho ngomlinganiselo lokwaneliseka bahlule ezi ntlobo imfuno, njengoko a real, ndaqonda kunye kungaqatshelwanga. Eyokuqala iphathelene kwiimfuno zokwenene abathengi kwimveliso. Okwesibini - lo kwintengiso ngqo kweempahla kunye neenkonzo. Okwesithathu - oku inani lezinto ukuba umboleki zafumana ngaphantsi ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo: ukungangqinelani of neentlobontlobo kunye umthengi izikhalazo, ukungabikho kwempahla.

Ngokutsho mkhwa kuphuhliso anikezele ukwanda kwemfuno, oluzinzileyo wayesele aluphele. Isenokuba yiyo yonke imihla, ngamaxesha athile episodic. Ezi ntlobo ahluka ngokwendlela umjikelo abathenga ngayo.

Xa iintlobo imfuno yemfundo bekela iintlobo zalo ezifana iqwalaselwe, okt, wadalwa ngenxa ndifunda imfuno nokukhuthaza imveliso, amandla, ukutsho oko, ukukwazi kunokwenzeka ubuninzi ukuthenga impahla ngexabiso elinikiweyo, iyonke -.... Ngaba, enyanisweni, umthamo nemakethe. Kukho nezinye izizathu ngokuhlelwa ebango.

Iimeko ezichaphazela imfuno

Umthamo ukuthenga ayikho engenasiphelo kwaye kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Iingcali ukuchonga amaqela zilandelayo kuwo: yezoqoqosho, ezentlalo, ukubalwa, ezopolitiko kunye zemozulu.

Xa ezoqoqosho kunye nentengiso imfuno izinto ezihlala yahlulwe ixabiso and non-ixabiso. Makhe sihlolisise lo mba ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu.

Imfuno Ixabiso factor, inkcazelo yayo ukubabona kunxulumana iindleko yenkonzo okanye imveliso kunye zasabela ixabiso ukusuka umthengi. abathengi anemivuzo ephantsi anesiphelo, kwaye ukuba ixabiso kweempahla ngumba kwi ummiselo ebango. Komthengi iphendula utshintsho ixabiso ekuthengwe ngayo, oko kukhokelela ekuthotyweni yokwanda kwemfuno. Eli qela libandakanya ixabiso ngqo iimpahla kunye neemveliso ezinxulumene, kwakunye njengoko kulindelekile zabaxumi, reactions ngokwasengqondweni ukuba iindleko. Ezi nkalo non-ixabiso eziphembelela imfuno iquka iinketho yabathengi, ifashoni, amandla okuthenga, iindleko zemveliso ezikhuphisanayo, substitutability kwempahla.

UMthetho kwaneliswe nemfuno

Lo mthetho umisela ubudlelwane phakathi kwala magama ezintathu ezibalulekileyo zoqoqosho: ixabiso, imfuno kunye nonikezelo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukuqulunqa indlela elula le: ukuba kukho imfuneko, kuya kubakho amanzi. Ngokubanzi, ayanda imfuno, kokukhona unikezelo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kungona ixabiso. Kuba intsalela nkqubo kufuneka kusungulwe kuvuselele phakathi kweemfuno ofanelekileyo kwaye kanye, ixabiso impahla eyaneleyo kwaye kuyangqinisiseka. Ukuzimisela kwaneliswe nemfuneko, ukufumana imali yabo - yinto umsebenzi ebalulekileyo yolawulo. Umenzi kufuneka sihlolisise ngenyameko ukuhla lwebango asabela ngumsebenzisi ixabiso nonikezelo. Ngomhla umlinganiselo amathuba zokuthenga kwaye inikeza ezimbini kuchaphazela umthetho:

1. Umthetho ubonelelo. Uyatsho ukuba ubungakanani wawufuna bomzimba uhlobene ixabiso. Iindleko ephezulu yenkonzo okanye imveliso, lilikhulu imfuno kuzo.

2. Umthetho ubonelelo. Uyatsho ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso esibangele ngqo ekukhuleni ubonelelo. Njengoko ixabiso liphuma kuvumela umenzi ukwenza inzuzo enkulu, kuye kwatsala liyanda inani oosomashishini kweli ingxenye emarikeni.

Nangona kunjalo, ubonelelo ukwanda kusoloko kuthetha ukuncipha kwemfuno, njengoko umboleki unako ukuthenga kuphela isixa esithile yempahla kunye neenkonzo. Ngenxa yoko, ubonelelo kwemfuneko kukhokelela ukuba zehlise amaxabiso, uze emva koko indlela sonikezelo ibo senziwa isangqa entsha. Ixabiso kule meko yindlela elawula ulungelelwano phakathi kwezi ndidi.

luthambe ebango

Kuxhomekeka amaxabiso, ochaphazela umsebenzi umsebenzisi-abathengi, ayikhuphi iintlobo ezimbini yemfuno: elastic non-elastic.

Wabiza imfuno elastic leyo kuyahlukana kunye ukuhla nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kweempahla kunye neenkonzo eguquguqukayo iingeniso. Umboleki uyaziphaphela ixabiso lempahla ezithile kwaye elungele ukunika up ukuthenga xa intengo ukuwa aphezulu okanye nengeniso. Ngoko ke, siyabona ukuba ngexesha lokudodobala koqoqosho kwanciphisa ukusetyenziswa nezinto zodidi, ngeemoto njalo njalo. N.

Inelastic, ngokulandelelana, isidingo okuhlala efanayo xa ukutshintsha imivuzo kunye namaxabiso kwempahla. Oku kusebenza ngaphezu kwazo zonke iimpahla kubalulekile. Abantu baya kuthenga ukutya kunye ukwanda kwamaxabiso kunye ukuwa yokuhlawula amatyala ayo. Kodwa ke abantu akunakwenzeka liya kudla sonka, nokuba ixabiso liyehla. Le luthambe ebango, inkcazelo leyo ifakiwe umsebenzi marketing sisixhobo kolawulo ukuthengisa. Ngoko, xa okubuyela kwimo ephezulu umthengisi nga ukunyusa ingeniso ngokuthoba amaxabiso. Le luthambe iphenjelelwa ngamandla isivakalisi kunokuba abathengisi sayibingelela iimveliso ezifana neenkonzo, le elastic ngakumbi imfuno iba.

uphando market

Ukuze siqonde ubukhulu isakhono imfuno, umenzi kufuneka ukwenza ezinye iinzame zophando. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukwahlula isifundo lwesinyanzelo lwangoku, ethi ichaphazele ekuqulunqweni kweenjongo elifutshane elide umthengisi kunye umenzi, kunye ukuqikelela bakhe ngenxa nkqubo izigqibo. Ingcaciso kwemfuneko kubalulekile izicwangciso zokwakha. Sasifunda lo mba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: statistical, ukuthengisa, ezoqoqosho. Kuba umenzi, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo kwingcingane umboleki, ukuqonda iimfuno zabo kwaye nexesha ukuhlangabezana nazo.

indalo ebango

Ukuzimisela kwemfuneko imveliso okanye inkonzo ikuvumela ukuba ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yokulawula kuyo xa kuyimfuneko. Isixhobo ibalulekileyo yolawulo yokuthengisa ixabiso; kuhlukumeza kunye nokunyuka kungacutha nokunyusa inani ukuthenga. Kodwa lulawulo lwexabiso akusoloko kusenzeka kwaye badla aphuhle kwezoqoqosho. Ngako oko kuza kubanceda izixhobo zokuthengisa umvelisi, ezi ziquka: izibhengezo, isakhiwo kunye nokugcina umfanekiso iindlela ngeendlela ukuze kuququzelelwe urhwebo kunye nasemva intengiso inkxaso kubathengi.

ukugxila ebango

umenzi nganye kubalulekile ukuba babone amathuba nophuhliso bayo ubukho emarikeni. Imfuno, inkcazelo apho yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yocwangciso kunye nolawulo - yeyona njongo iphambili nawuphi na umthengisi kunye nomakhi. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ngendlela ukuqhuba isifundo kunokwenzeka imiqulu intengiso, ukuziphatha kwabathengi utshintsho kunye nemarike, ngexesha ukunyenyisa uqikelelo ukwenzela imfuno inkulu. Kuba ukwenza iingqikelelo usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ezo yohlulwe heuristic, manani kunye noqoqosho-ngqo.