Ingcaciso: nezezimali - kube kwemali, imali. Formation usebenzise Finance

Njengoko kwinkcazelo nezimali - sisiphumo yonxulumano yemali kwiimeko ezithile zentlalo noqoqosho. Kuba kwazo njengoko sphere eyahlukileyo lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho kufuneka ukunika imeko apho kukho kwaye ngaxeshanye usesimweni nembali ethile yelo ngexesha lonke uluhlu zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:

• ukwakheka, kwakunye amalungelo obunini ngayo ngabantu abathile kuzo naziphi na iinkonzo, impahla, umhlaba, imithombo yendalo kunye nezinye;
• inkqubo wambumba namazinga zomthetho entsimini ubudlelwane propati;
• imbonakalo zentlalo ezahlukeneyo amaqela ummi;
• nokuqinisa likarhulumente njengoko iqela oluvakalisa izinto eziluncedo kuluntu lonke, kwakunye nokuba kufunyanwe iziqinisekiso zabo ubunini.

Ntoni ukuba lakheke?

Zonke iimeko ngasentla kuvela kuphela kwimeko apho kukho enye ndawo efanayo - a amanqanaba enkulu ngokwaneleyo imveliso, ukwandisa ukusebenza, ukwanda kwinqanaba bengeniso labantu, ngokunjalo kunene imida ezo ezifunekayo ukuze sisinde eziphilayo. Creation, ukwabiwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa esilandelayo yengeniso cash yimeko esisiseko apho zisekelwe njenge nkcazelo. Finance - oku imali yomntu othile. Kulo mzekelo, imicimbi yezemali ziquka neemfuno abanini.

Ukuze ukuba abonakale, nayo ifuna kumgangatho ofanelekileyo kuphuhliso loqoqosho imali, ingeniso rhoqo kweemali umthamo omkhulu, kwakunye indalo kunye nesicelo ngenyameko kwimisebenzi yazo engundoqo. Konke oku idityanisiwe ingcaciso esisiseko. Finance - a cash ingeniso, kunye nolwalamano olunjalo nangayiphi na indlela kuchaphazele kunye nempahla. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqonda kakuhle ukuba oku kubandakanya imali nje kuphela, kodwa zokuphatha impahla, yaye lo mbandela isoloko umnini ethile. Kungenxa inkqubo yolwabiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa inzuzo yemali, leyo yelifa lakhe, nxaxheba ngamnye ithuba ukuqonda iimfuno zabo and definition zabo. Finance - sisixhobo umntu ngamnye zomthetho okanye yendalo, kunye ngalo uyazifezekisa iinjongo zayo.

imithombo

Akukho izigqibo ezinkulu zezopolitiko okanye yezoqoqosho akunakuzalisekiswa xa ingazange yenziwa uhlolo oluneenkcukacha yesixa inzuzo yemali, leyo kufuna. Ukongeza, uyaqonda umntu ngamnye ukuba ngemali enjalo, uyazi ukuba ukwabiwa kunye nokwanda kwemali iba onesimilo ekujoliswe kunye neefom yinto efana "izibonelelo zemali". kwemali ezimele, ezithi ababeyiqwebile ezabelwe iinjongo ezithile, zisetyenziswa ngendlela ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho, yezopolitiko, yezentlalo, yenkcubeko, yenzululwazi kunye nezinye iinjongo.

Ngokusekelwe yokuba loo zezimali, izibonelelo ibonisa bazenzela ingeniso, eyenzelwe ukuba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Bafundisa iinkonzo nyathelo ngalinye , nokuphuma kwemali evela ukubunjwa kwaye awugqibe usebenzisa zabo. Ekubeni imali ngenxa kwindlela apho imali ihamba, ukufika yeentshukumo yayo iba nefuthe ngqo kulo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ingeniso ukujikeleziswa preferential luquka izigaba ezithathu:

• eziziiprayimari;
• lesibini (ngokutsha);
• ekupheleni (sebenzisa).

Ngenxa yoko, yezimali ezinxulumene ngqo imali ngayo kwasekwa, zathunyelwa futhi isetyenziswe.

primary

Ukwenziwa yengeniso ephambili kukuba ngenxa yokuqaliswa kunye nokuhanjiswa ingeniso, evela nayiphi na inkonzo okanye yorhwebo mveliso. Ngenxa yokuba kuveliswe le impatho engcono kwiimeko ezininzi yinto eqhubekayo, apho sokwenza kufuna ulwabiwo inxalenye ethile inzuzo ukunika lo phambili.

market Finance ubonelela ngokusekwa yengeniso zaseprayimari ngenxa yokwenza imveliso elide kwempahla, nto leyo iinkonzo imali.

ukwabiwa

Ingaba ukudalwa zengeniso ephambili, esekelwe kwingeniso epheleleyo. Kule meko kukho kwakhona ulwabiwo yesibini leyo yenziwe kwi amanyathelo aliqela kwaye nohlobo ezininzi.

Nayiphi na inkqubo yokuvelisa ukhonza kwimarike ngezezimali, isiphelo kwi ulwabiwo lokuqala mali, ngaphandle apho yinto engenakwenzeka ukuba ukunika olunye uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Kulo mzekelo, wolawulo distribution ingeniso kuyo nayiphi na imeko bakhonza izimali. Nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo ukwandiswa bemveliso ngeendlela ezininzi ezingundoqo phambili:

• ukwehliswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo;
• Payment iindleko izinto ezikhoyo;
• intshayelelo kwerente;
• umdla credit;
• kwemivuzo yabo bonke abasebenzi abathatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yemveliso.

Emva kokuba zazide ulwabiwo yokuqala yenkqubo yengeniso imali ngokutsha iqalwa, oko kukuthi, baqale ukwakha ingeniso eziziisekondari. Okokuqala, oku kuquka iirhafu kunye nemirhumo-inshorensi yoluntu, ezenkcubeko kunye neminye imibutho emininzi.

ukuqaliswa

Yinkalo yokugqibela kulwabiwo yengeniso Ukuqaphela zabo, yaye kuthiwa sokuzalwa. inkonzo Finance ikuvumela ukuba kuphunyezwe inxalenye ethile ingeniso lokugqibela kwaye endaweni yoko mayibhekiswe yokonga amafa. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba inkqubo ukuhanjiswa liyachatshazelwa nje izimali kodwa iindleko zokuvelisa.

Ekubeni inkqubo ye ukuqonda xa ikheshi naziphi na iinkonzo, impahla okanye nantoni na enye into eyenziwe ngamaxabiso ezisisigxina, tshintshayo wabo nefuthe ngqo ezi nkqubo. Utshintsho inani ngokomelela kwenzeka nakweliphina icala, inzuzo yemali ngakumbi iqala nini, kunye notshintsho kwindlela ingakumbi kakhulu ezinjalo kwenzeka phantsi kwamaxabiso.

amacandelo Finance njengezinto inzuzo yemali unokuthi enze into ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kuba ekhoyo imithombo kwicandelo bamele inxalenye ethile ngeniso intsapho - iseti bengeniso onke amalungu ayo, nangenxa mali karhulumente - isixa wesabelo yayo.

Njani ukuhanjiswa kwaye lokwabiwa?

Kukho inani elikhulu lamashishini, oluqhutywa kunye izinga labantu yezezimali kunye supply resources. Kuyinto Kungokwemvelo ukuba abasebenzisi ezinokuba izixhobo ezinjalo lingakwaziyo ukufumanisa ukuba ubudlelwane ishishini kunye namaziko azimeleyo kwezoqoqosho okanye ummi ngamnye. Kulo mba, kukho ingxaki yokuba ukudibanisa njani imali saa ngesixa-mali esikhulu kwezibonelelo zemali ukuba ke kuphakanyiswa ukusetyenziswa kwezinye enkulu mali enokwenzeka.

Ukuze kulungiswe le miba, ukusetyenziswa kwemali ephathiswe njengabalamli ezikhethekileyo, esenokuba iibhanki, imali efanayo kunye notyalo-mali, zonke iintlobo iinkampani, imibutho namanye amaziko amaninzi, baba zezibonelelo kunye nokuhlawula kamva kuzo ipesenti ethile.

Watsala izibonelelo abalamleli ezibonelelwa njengemali-mboleko okanye utyalo ngokhuselo ezahlukeneyo. Formation kumaziko zezimali (inzuzo yabo) imele umahluko phakathi inzala ehlawulwa kwi imali ebolekiweyo, kwaye efunyanwa enikiweyo.

yokonga imali umnini ngqo unelungelo ukutshintshela iimali ezikhoyo nayiphi na iinkampani utyalo-mali okanye iibhanki, kwaye ukuthenga ngqo iibhondi ezithile kunye nezabelo abanini kwiimbumba mveliso. Kodwa kufuneka ube echanekileyo ukuze uqonde ukuba kwimeko yesibini iya bejamelene njengabalamli njengoko abarhwebi nabathengisi, apho bangabathathi-nxaxheba abaqeqeshiweyo kwiimalike zemali. Abathengisi inxaxheba ekuqhubeni imisebenzi ngokwabo, ukuba lisebenza kuphela ngenxa yabo, lo gama abarhwebi amele umdla kubathengi babo, ukuchitha imali kunye nemali.

zomculo

A kwiimalike zemali mihla inika abatyali ezinokuba amathuba abanzi ukuba utyalo-mali ngokusebenzisa ukuthengwa izibophelelo zemali iqela elikhulu kwezolimo, yaye ezi zibophelelo ngokuba "izixhobo zemali". Ngokukodwa, oku kuquka bonds, izabelo, izatifikethi ze idiphozithi, eyilwayo wokwaluswa kwakhe, izivumelwano amakamva kunye nezinye izibambiso ezininzi.

Ngenxa iintlobo kunokuba ngeentlobo zezixhobo ezikhoyo yempembelelo yezimali ivumela abanini diversify kwipotifoliyo yabo, oko kukuthi, ukuba awabe beqokelela noxanduva imibutho eyahlukeneyo kunye namaziko zebhanki. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba uqonde ngokuchanekileyo, ukuba loo izibophelelo kuya kubakho umvuzo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, baya kuba ezahlukeneyo, kunye izidanga ezahlukeneyo Umngcipheko. Ukuba ekugqibeleni yinkampani ethile ziya siyabhanga, ngoko utyalo-mali iya kugcinwa kwindawo enye, ngoko ke usoloko olwenziwe kumgaqo sokunabela ipotifoliyo, "uyakwazi ukubeka yonke ngobozini-nye."

ubudlelwane

nobuhlobo zemali ezinxulumene ngqo kulwabiwo, ngokutsha, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngakumbi kwemali. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba isenzeko zazo eziphambili kwenzeka kwanaxa kunikezelo yengeniso ephambili.

ubudlelwane Financial, ezo kwakheka ngokunxulumene nemali bakhonza ngqo mali omjikelo phantse onke amashishini kunye nabantu. Abathathi-nxaxheba eziphambili zezi:

• bonke abavelisi, kungakhathaliseki enoba kwindawo ethile asebenza;
• urhulumente kunye nabantu;
• credit ezizodwa kunye namaziko ezemali kunye namaziko zebhanki;
• imibutho nzuzo kunye mali.

Ekuhambeni wophuhliso lwawo, ubudlelwane zemali kwakhona ukudala ityala, ze aqale khona, ukuthetha ngokuqinileyo nabo.

imisebenzi

Iimali ezi ubudlelwane zentlalo kwinkalo ukwakheka, ukwabiwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngakumbi kweemali-mali, nto leyo eyona iphambili kubo.

nobuhlobo Financial zenzeka kwiimeko zentlalo noqoqosho ezithile wadala ngenxa kuphuhliso impucuko. Iimeko eziphambili kwazo zezi:

• ukubunjwa nokomelezwa urhulumente waqala kubomi bemihla ngemihla loluntu;
• uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwe ngokutshintshiselana iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ngemigudu kunye nokungena kwemali;
• ukudalwa kumashishini abucala ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo yabasebenzi;
• uphuhliso yeziko umthetho siko.

imisebenzi Finance - ulawulo, usasazo kunye emnandi.

kuhlangana

Lo msebenzi yeyona ibalulekileyo, kangangoko kunokwenzeka evulekileyo ubuntu babo. It sikuko yokuba inkqubo yezoqoqosho elalisandul 'ukumiselwa, ixabiso kufuneka yabelwe ngokungqinelana ngokupheleleyo kunye neemfuno ezisisiseko karhulumente kunye noluntu, kwaye izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ukuphumeza le njongo, senze ngqo nezemali. Kwelinye icala, nokudaleka ngeendleko lungeniselo, kodwa kwelinye icala, iindleko iindleko kunye nemali eyongezelelweyo enikwa yi ukuyilwa kwengeniso zasesekondari, ethi ibonelele kwakhona ukuhanjiswa kunye nokunikezelwa GDP ngokusebenzisa inkqubo zemali.

Okuqulethwe yile nkqubo na intshukumo inzuzo, ngenxa yokuba udlula yonke le nkqubo. Kule nkalo, kwaye yabelwa unikezelo zaseprayimari nasesekondari.

Ngokusisiseko, yahlulahlulwe yaba ngamanqanaba amathathu engundoqo kwintshukumo yengeniso, ngokungqinelana nalo uhlobo lokuqala, elesibini kunye nenzuzo lokugqibela.

ingeniso Primary eyenziwe ukusasazwa Inzuzo efunyanwa ekuthengisweni kweempahla. Isixa-mali yenzuzo wahlulwe yi-mali, ngalo imbuyekezo iindleko eziphathekayo ezenziweyo kwinkqubo imveliso, kwakunye yanika kwemivuzo yabasebenzi kunye iingeniso yomnini. Oku kudala ingeniso ezisisiseko ufumana umnini imiba yemveliso, kodwa apha ikwaquka irhafu ngqo ebekwe ngumthetho osebenzayo.

Xa Inqanaba lesibini yengeniso ephambili na ukuhlawula irhafu ngqo,-inshorensi,-inshorensi yoluntu, kwakunye ukunika uncedo kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, we-mali omtsha ka-mali, kuquka nohlahlo ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo karhulumente kunye nemali non-mali eyahlukeneyo, Thabitha wenza, emele umda non-eziphathekayo nabasebenzi, ootitshala, oogqirha, abasebenzi bakarhulumente, amaxwebhu, emkhosini kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezininzi.