Labemi kunye ummandla iyavuma. Izowuni yexesha, imozulu, uqoqosho kunye ezinika iyavuma

Xa Far East Russian Federation ngumzi iyavuma. Yeyona iziko yolawulo iyavuma Territory kunye Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. Kwi-East, kuba ihamba phambili kwimfundo, inkcubeko kunye nezopolitiko. It is a ingumasipala kwezoshishino kunye noqoqosho. Ifunyanwa kumgama omalunga-30 km ukusuka kumda Chinese.

Apho kanye into iyavuma? Yintoni imozulu mzi? Yintoni na indawo iyavuma? data kwi abemi beliya kunikelwa ngezantsi. Kwakhona wathetha uqoqosho uchaze imimandla iyavuma.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga isixeko

Iyavuma ekuqaleni yaba intsimi cala, kungekho imida phakathi Russian Federation kunye neTshayina. Kwaba kuphela emva kokuba isivumelwano jikelele umhlaba uphikise wanikwa uBukhosi Russian. Ngowe-1858, iyavuma yasekwa, kwaye ngo-1880 waza wawongwa ubume mzi. Ukususela ngo-2002, yaba lilungu le-District Federal Far Eastern.

Esi sixeko saba likomkhulu lesi iyavuma Territory. It zindlu ikomkhulu kwisithili wamajoni, 200 koogunyaziwe benqila federal, kwakunye Ministry of Development of the East Far. Yena ilungu loMbutho kwizixeko Siberia kunye Far Eastern.

Xa iziko, apho iyavuma phambana umoya kunye zothutho ngololiwe iindlela ezinkulu. Uqhekekile umzi omi phezu kummandla ongaphandle karhulumente kwaye kwizowuni yexesha eyahlukileyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto nanku umbuzo: ". Bangaphi ukusuka eMoscow ukuya iyavuma" Kubhaliwe ibekwe kumgama 8 amawaka. km 500 ukusuka kwikomkhulu of Russia, ukuba uye ngololiwe, yaye 6 amawaka. Km-moya. Okwangoku, ephuhliswe kakuhle ukwananisa ngezithuthi. Esi sixeko-moya ezimbini, kwizikhululo zikaloliwe amane, emlanjeni port.

Imozulu kunye izowuni yexesha iyavuma

Yintoni imozulu esixekweni? Uphi iyavuma? Uqhekekile umzi omi phezu esemazantsi olusemazantsi Sredneamurskaya, apho ukuhlanganisa ezimbini imilambo Ussuri kunye Amur. Wahlamba Japan kunye Okhotsk ziilwandle. enendawo yayo ezahlukeneyo. Inxalenye engundoqo ifumaneka ezindulini mnene (Hills) ngentla komgangatho wolwandle ka 70-90 m.

Ngenxa yokusondela awo elwandle, imozulu, baba ziingcathu iyavuma, kunye nehlobo elishushu, kodwa imvula ebusika. Ebusika, umlinganiselo wobushushu ngeenxa - degrees-20, yaye phakathi ku-Julayi lobushushu imalunga 21 degrees. Iyavuma uhlobo zemvula kwemozulu, ngokuba ikhephu encinane ebusika yaye lipholile ubushushu ehlotyeni neemvula rhoqo. NgoJanuwari 2011, iqondo lobushushu lisezantsi degrees -41 lwabhalwa sezulu. Ngehlobo lowe-2010 ubushushu ubushushu wabonisa lobushushu eliphezulu degrees 36.7.

Iyavuma izowuni yexesha ise ngexesha Vladivostok yaye zincitshiswe iiyure-10 kwi -Universal Time uhlelwe (UTC). Umahluko kunye ikomkhulu iiyure Russia +7.

Labemi kunye ummandla iyavuma

ummandla iyavuma kowona mmandla enabemi ye-Russian Federation. Ichaphazela ikakhulu imozulu ngqwabalala, kunye nokwehla kwezoqoqosho, oluqhubekeka ukususela ngexesha post-eSoviet. Kuba 2017, uluntu kummandla we-1 million 333 namawaka. Abantu 294, apho Ubuninzi babantu ilingana umntu 1,69 square kilometre.

Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki, labemi iyavuma minyaka yonke. Ngo-2003, inani labahlali lizizigidi 580. Nabantu abangama-400, yaye izibalo yohlalutyo 2017 kwikomkhulu yengingqi, ikhaya ukuya 616 lamawaka. Ngabantu 242. Esi sixeko labemi yesibini ngobukhulu phakathi izixeko East Far.

Yabemi yaseKhabarovsk kunye iyavuma Territory beentlanga nezahlukeneyo. Ngo-2010, ipesenti kubahlali beentlanga ezahlukeneyo zezi zilandelayo:

• malunga ne 92% - Russian;
• 2.1% - Ukraine;
• 0.8% - Nanais;
• 0.6% - Korea, Tatar;
• 0.4% - Belarusians evenks;
• 0.3% - Chinese.

Inxalenye engundoqo (malunga 65%) kwiMpuma Ekude - kukho abasebenzi kunye nabafundi. Abahlali abaninzi isidanga ekholejini. Abantwana abafikisayo zenza i - 19% yabantu, lo gama umhlala - 16%.

ulawulo isixeko iyavuma uzama ukuphucula iimeko iintsapho kunye nabantwana abaninzi kulo mzi: ufumana ukhathalelo lwempilo olusemgangathweni, ityala elo uncedo-mali, kwimo lwabantwana inxaxheba kwezo ntsapho zinengeniso esezantsi, ukwakha zokudlala, imithi izityalo kunye Parks imiyezo, etc ...

indawo iyavuma ngu 386 km². Esi sixeko yolula kunxweme - 33 km.

Usodolophu wesixeko

USodolophu iyavuma ukususela ngoSeptemba 2000 yi uAleksandr Nikolaevich Sokolov. Nguye owayekhethwe iminyaka 4. Ngowe-1981 wamiselwa intloko yesebe ezoshishino kunye yezothutho Railway Committee Party District. Ngowe-1983 waba kunobhala Party Committee isityalo kubo. Kukrakra, 1986, yaye abelwe umqondisi.

Iyavuma, 1990, unyulo lokuqala lwentando kwiBhunga City of yamaSekela yaBantu. A. N. Sokolova abakhethelwe ngentsika namasekela-usihlalo weBhunga City. Ukukwazi kwakhe ukuba lulwe kukuzukisa abantu kunye yokusebenza enkulu wanceda liwina ukhetho. Sele 1993 wamiselwa isekela yintloko yolawulo imiba yezoqoqosho.

Ngexesha ukhetho yesibini ngo-2004, A. N. Sokolov wathabatha indawo ephambili amanqaku 83,84% evoti. USodolophu iyavuma waye wakhetha ukuba wesithathu, ibinzana yesine ofisi kwaye isebenza kule post namhlanje.

Icandelo lolawulo ube zizithili

Uqhekekile umzi yahlulwe zithili zi-4: Central, Northern, kunye Southern Railway.

Counties zahlulwe kwizithili iyavuma. Kulo mzi, kukho 5 kwizithili zezolawulo:

1. Central - yenye kwimimandla ezindala zolawulo, isixeko phantsi edolophini. Ummandla layo 9.5 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. It yohlukile kwezinye izibonelelo eziphuhlileyo ngakumbi, ucoceko kunye mahle. Well-phambili kwinkqubo yezothutho. Kukho ezemfundo amaziko, enkcubeko kunye evenkileni. It is a isikhululo njengomlambo kwimarike central. Kuba 2017 inani yabemi kule ndawo, kukho amawaka 96. 155 abantu.
2. Krasnoflotsky - yesithili esinabantu 91 amawaka 997 abemi ..
3. Kwingingqi laseKirov for 2017 ubomi iwaka 53. 674 abantu.
4. Le ndawo Railway eyayihlala 151 lamawaka. Ngabantu 990. Nguye lelinye lawona kwinxalenye esempuma komzi. Yaye yasekwa ngo-1938 kwi-odolo ze-Soviet Ephakamileyo. ummandla wayo malunga 9.6 amawaka. Iihektare. Kukho moya, isikhululo sikaloliwe, isikhululo sebhasi kunye moya zomkhosi.
5. indawo Industrial yeyona inkulu. It wahlala amawaka 222. 426 abantu. Ifunyanwa emazantsi. Kule ndawo kukho iindlela izithuthi ezinkulu ezimbini ahanjiswayo anqumla isixeko ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi.

Industry noqoqosho

izityalo iyavuma zenza isambuku mzi-mveliso. Kukho 86 iinkampani ezinkulu shishino. imisebenzi Main:

• processing imveliso;
• uveliso kunye nonikezelo lwamanzi, igesi kunye nombane;
• zonxibelelwano nezothutho;
• iTayitile esiSiseko;
• processing metal;
• iinkuni noshishino amafutha;
• wokwakha;
• ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo okutya norhwebo;
• imisebenzi yophuhliso kwicandelo izindlu.

Ekubeni sixeko abadinga a kwezakhiwo zangoku kunye ekwakheni izakhiwo zokuhlala esixekweni kukho ngesixhobo ukutsala utyalo-mali ukulungiselela ixesha elide. Ngowe-2008, oko umdla malunga nezigidi 46 engange-mali ukulungiselela ukwakha.

Apha, Kukho malunga-28 amashishini kamasipala esebenza amacandelo 7 kuqoqosho. Baya kwenza icandelo kweziko lolawulo kuqoqosho. Isixa-asethi zabo ulingana engange 13.1 bhiliyoni.

ulawulo isixeko iyavuma iphuhlise isicwangciso-qhinga sophuhliso de 2020. Izimasekile Iinkqubo ekujoliswe 60, uninzi esijoliswe kuphuhliso loqoqosho nentlalo. Ukuphumeza lo kuyimfuneko:

• ukudala, indawo ekhuselekileyo elungileyo kubemi;
• ukudalwa iziko lwenzululwazi nobugcisa kulo mmandla;
• ukuyilwa lorhwebo zothutho namalungiselelo kulo mmandla;
• ukuphuculwa kweziko lolawulo zezopolitiko Russia kwiMpuma Ekude.

izithuthi Rail

E East Far olukhula ngokukhawuleza ukwakhiwa kaloliwe. Imbali Isikhululo mzi ekuqaleni nje ebukumkanini Romanov omkhulu. Ngokweerekhodi zembali, zona Ngubani na owabeka ilitye apho esiku iindlela zikaloliwe enkulu ukuthwala imithwalo emikhulu kwaye inani elikhulu abakhweli kuqala.

Ngowe-1891 bakha Ussuri kaloliwe, yaye ngowe-1897 kwakhiwa indlela phakathi yaseKhabarovsk ne Vladivostok. Ukwakhiwa kwendawo Trans-Siberian Amur iye baguqula isixeko hub yothutho enkulu. Ngoko kwakukho kwisikhululo sikaloliwe iyavuma-2. Emva koko, kwakhiwa kwindawo kaloliwe enkulu.

Railway Station iyavuma-1 - yinto kwisikhululo sikaloliwe abakhweli, nto leyo eyenza zonke iindwendwe ngezakhiwo yokuqala. Kuye kwavulwa 1905. Ekubeni station embindini wesixeko. Xa unyaka wayo ikhulu elinamanci seshumi esitishini iye zalungiswa ngeendleko mali wesixeko, ngoncedo labathengi zasekuhlaleni. Ukusuka kwisikhululo wangaphambili bahlala bunjalo eyaziwa kuphela Monument E. P. Habarovu, esimiyo phezu forecourt.

izithuthi emzini

Iyavuma has a zamazwe ngamazwe nezengingqi ezibaluleke kakhulu kwi unxibelelwano yezothutho ngasentshonalanga elingasentla lizwe. City inxulumanisa ngongoma federal emendweni "Ussuri", "cupid", "iyavuma, Komsomolsk-on-Amur" yaye "East". isikhululo sebhasi yakhiwa ngo-1893, nto leyo ukugcina ridership abakhweli ezingamakhulu amahlanu ngeyure nganye. iibhasi International ukudibanisa embindini kunye icala lasempumalanga.

Nge Amur umlambo yokukhangela bamthwala umkhweli okanye imithwalo Amur emlanjeni. iimpahla Shipping zenziwa (zombini imithwalo kunye umkhweli) kwiindawo ezikude, ummandla Far Eastern. Esi sixeko impahla emlanjeni port, abakhweli - isikhululo umlambo, balungise iyavuma zokusebenza kunye nesiseko zokusebenza izithuthi. Phantsi phezu komlambo, abakhweli azamazama kunye inqanawa "Meteor" kwaye i Tunguska umfula uthotho iinqanawa-ngesantya esiphezulu "Zarya". Kumaxesha Soviet, lo Amur umlambo imikhumbi iza. Okwangoku, le izikhephe sele bupheliswe, Noko ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba imigca iza kuhamba emva kwixesha elizayo.

aphuhliswe kakuhle izithuthi emoyeni iyavuma. iinkonzo Air yenziwa ngokusebenzisa izikhululo ezincinane nezinkulu, leyo ekumgama ezilishumi ukusuka embindini ka iyavuma. Ukongeza, esi sixeko iziko ledatha leenqanawa ukulungiswa moya. Esebenzisa emoyeni nabaqondisi na ummandla umdla air Japan - Europe. Nazi ezi zokuchopha esembindini emkhosini ugesi.

Isixeko esabangela tram, iibhasi netroli, iiteksi neebhasi. Ubude imigca zothutho amabanga imalunga 500 km. Ngenxa zothungelwano entsonkothileyo imilambo komhlaba kunye zintaba esixekweni oko yakhiwa komhlaba. Loo ukwakhiwa ibiya asongele iyavuma, nto leyo nesiphako akwazi ukuya emathunjini omhlaba.

Kobugcisa nenkcubeko isixeko

Iyavuma liziko enkulu kuphela mveliso, kodwa isixeko nenkcubeko kwiMpuma Ekude. Oku kulandela zeemyuziyam sixeko asebenza:

1. Regional Museum. Yasungulwa ngo-1894 ngoncedo kwisebe Amur woMbutho Geographical Russian. Phambi kokuba isakhiwo sele ifakiwe ufudo ilitye wokuweyisha 6 th. 400 kg. Ngo-2005, imyuziyam wavula intlanzi omtsha mboniso Amur.
2. Archaeology Museum. A. P. Okladnikova.
3. City History Museum. Kuye kwavulwa ngo-2004. Kukho imiboniso imyuziyam iyavuma kunye nexesha pre-revolution ukuya kwixesha lethu.
4. Museum of Art.
5. Military-Historical Museum of District Eastern Far. Uqale ukusebenza ngo-1983. Kukho iisampuli izixhobo wamajoni ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.
6. Museum of Amur kwebhulorho.
7. Art Gallery. Fedotov.
8. Museum yeembali iyavuma-1 station.

Ukususela ngo-1978, esebenza Central Library. P. Komarov, kwakunye emasebeni awo ezilishumi. Kwathiwa kwakhiwa Library yaBantwana. A. Gaidar kunye Scientific Library of the Academy of Sciences kunye noMthetho.

Izikhumbuzo nezikwere

Kwisixeko Zininzi iindawo ezikhumbuzo. Eyona sikwere yaseKhabarovsk - Lenin. Phezu kwayo bonke kwimiju- esixeko kwaye babhiyozele imibhiyozo ezibalaseleyo yasekuhlaleni. Le zinakanwa kakhulu zintle kweso sixeko. Ummandla engundoqo ye yaseKhabarovsk - Uzuko square. Kuye kwavulwa 1975. It is a lesikhumbuzo zamaqhawe kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Komsomolskaya Square - endala esixekweni. Ngowe-1923 kwathiwa igama e Red Square.

Ngo-2012, esi sixeko wawongwa ngesiqu ye-Russian Federation "City of Military Uzuko." Imbeko yale isihloko wamiswa Stella. Umqala wamantla ayo kwenzeka ngo-2015, oko kukuthi, unyaka-asixhenxe isikhumbuzo ekupheleni Second World War. Xa unyawo lesikhumbuzo nolawulo lesixeko liceba kwixa elizayo ukuvula imyuziyam kamasipala eyahlulelwe kumxholo omnye.

Le nkundla ogama emva uLenin lesikhumbuzo "Black eTulip 'imbeko amajoni wabulawa empini Afghanistan sele ifakiwe. umbhali we lesikhumbuzo waziwa nomkroli J. Cook. "Black eTulip" etsala eninzi ingqalelo kwabatyeleli, ke, yintoni na mna ndithi - abantu balapha akwazi ukunceda ekhangela emva lesikhumbuzo, ngokungakhathali bedlula. abahlala abaninzi mzi ukundwendwela, ukuba imbeko kwisikhumbuzo nezalamane okanye abahlobo babo kuye.

Kufutshane lenkundla ilitye lesikhumbuzo ukuya abavikeli mzi Young. Le lesikhumbuzo yakhiwa ngo-2004 imbeko yabo babulawa ngexesha 1921 Civil War.

Kwiqonga lenyengane lo ilitye lesikhumbuzo ku Captain Y. Dyachenko. Ku yakhiwa kuphela kwiminikelo abantu bedolophu. Okulandelayo ukuba elaa litye lithe isitalato elikhankanywayo emva kokuba le ndoda.

iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo famous

Ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo, sakhiwa Amur bridge - yinto ummangaliso engineering ibhulorho inkulu yonke Russia. Kukho nemibutho kaloliwe ndlela mbini izithuthi. Idibanisa kweenxweme Amur River. Le yenye yeendawo ekhethekileyo esixekweni.

Iyavuma iindawo ezintle abaninzi namhlanje ukuba uthanda ukutyelela njengoko abakhenkethi kunye bale dolophu. Ngowe-1983 yayakhiwe ubuhle obumangalisayo apha edamini umzi. Ziqulethe kwamachibi ezintathu badalwe ukuxubana kwaye ezahlulwe sisithuba edamini encinane. Bona saa ngeenxa zonke iindawo eluhlaza yonke eluhlaza. Ngo-2011, elasekwa svetoillyuminatsiyu kunye nezixhobo osendleleni amachibi. Ngoku abahlali abaninzi bahlangane apha ngokuhlwa ukonwabela ukukhanya show, nemini wayehambahamba kufuphi, abo bangathanda ukuba nimkrokrele mnandi nemithombo.

Kwakhona, chibi kwabo sixeko. Nevelsky yi elilwela. Amur eBangkok - ikratshi abemi ngokwabo. Kule ndawo intle ukuphumla iintsapho zidla kuza bendawo, ngoko iintlanganiso abathandi, ezifana nokuhamba abemi abadala. Amur eBangkok igqalwa ndawo ingakumbi uthando ezitshatileyo kunye honeymooners, ngendlela "ngexesha lomtshato" apha uze ukufota umhlaba umtshakazi nomyeni, yaye abantu bakholelwa ukuba le ndawo ukuba bahambele ngosuku lomtshato - ukuba ulonwabo lweentsapho. Amur eBangkok ise kwinxalenye yimbali ye iyavuma.

Komsomolskaya Square yenye ekweneni East Far - Grado-iyavuma Cathedral of the Dormition ye nguMama kaThixo. Wonke umhambi makhaya ngayo ukubona ubuhle ezimangalisayo sokuyilwa isonto. Ukuphakama itempile-50 m. Lokuqala ngoko nangoko zibonwa ngokucacileyo emnyangweni wesixeko. Ukwakhiwa yakhiwa iminyaka elishumi, yaye ngowe-1886 inkonzo yokuqala yaqhutywa kulo.

Muraviev-Amursky Street - lelinye kakuhle yaziwa phakathi zombini zasekuhlaleni kunye nabakhenkethi kuphela eRashiya, kodwa abavela kwamanye amazwe, umtsalane umzi. Ithi apha walondoloza izindlu omdala kakhulu ukuba eme nxamnye yangasemva isixeko mihla, bekhumbula ngaphambili. Kwisitrato kukho zokutyela ezininzi ezimnandi kunye cafes ezifundisa ikofu kunye namaqebengwana kwakunye isidlo epheleleyo ngamaxabiso afikelelekayo, kwakunye apha yeyona engcono cinema. Ezivenkileni athengisa njengezikhumbuzo Far East abakhenkethi.