Injongo kunye nenjongo ulwaphulo-mthetho. Impembelelo ngesizathu kunye nenjongo lwabo mthetho

ukubaluleka Criminal ngokusemthethweni injongo kunye nenjongo-mthetho yabangela nkcukacha zokuziphatha kwabantu. Ngokusebenzisa ezi ndidi kufuneka ndazilanda zonke ubudlelwane kunye noqhagamshelo eziziimpawu ubuntu ethile kunye namanyathelo ababenzayo. Cinga ngakumbi, yintoni na impembelelo isizathu kunye nenjongo le mfundo na ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukungxamiseka ngxaki

Ingcamango isizathu kunye nenjongo yalo mthetho kukuba ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, lwamacandelo ezininzi. Ingakumbi kubonakala ngokucacileyo apha bengqondo, isosioloji, nomthetho. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkcazelo kwezi ndidi ibambe iingxoxo rhoqo. Soloko ukuseka oyena nobangela, atyhile injongo yokuqala kunye nenjongo isityholo sokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho. Le ubumbaxa uluvo nokwanda ikhokelela iingxaki ngokwenene practice.

Injongo nenjongo lolwaphulo-mthetho lolwaphulo

Ngokungafaniyo letyala, ezi ndidi akafunyanwa kwi ukulungiswa kwe-Code Criminal. Noko ke, amanqaku kweKhowudi, kwakunye izimvo kuwo usebenzisa ezi zinto kuqamba. Enyanisweni, ukuba iindidi nasengqondweni. Kulo mba, iimpapasho esemthethweni ingxoxo malunga umbuzo ukuba usebenzise ku umkhuba lolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuzimisela, ziqulunqwe bengqondo, okanye ukuphuhlisa ezinye iimpawu ezizodwa zezi zinto. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, udidi kufuneka lubonwe ingqiqo elimxinwa ibende. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokumisela injongo kunye nenjongo yalo mthetho, kufuneka zikhokelwe zizibonelelo ephuhliswe ngayo bengqondo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ithathele ingqalelo nkcukacha ngolwalamano apho umsebenzi khona.

Iindlela le nkcazo

Njengoko sesitshilo ngasentla, kwisicatshulwa weKhowudi Criminal kukho inkcazelo olumisiweyo kuphela unetyala. Ukungabikho ingcaciso malunga nokuba yintoni na eyenza injongo kunye nenjongo yalo mthetho, idala eziliqela iingxaki ukuphuculwa kwezo ndidi. Inyathelo lokuqala ukujika kwinqanaba yemveli umbono. Phantsi imbangela ukuba kuqondakale ukuba kukho engqondweni yoluntu umkhuthaza ukuba aphumeze naliphi inyathelo. Ngokutsho kwabanye abaphengululi, le nkcazelo ingabizwa kumoya amandla ihlaba ubuso bezityholo, ebangela nokuzimisela. Abanye ababhali bakholelwa ukuba isizathu - yinto into ivelisa inkqubo eyomeleleyo-nkani lokususa ngamnye ngokokuziphatha kwakhe. Njengoko Brainin sibonisa, le didi ibonisa amava (imvakalelo), nto leyo eye yaba inkuthazo izenzo unetyala. Zagorodnikov ukholelwa ukuba injongo - yimeko ethile engqondweni, ukuvuselela ukuba benze izenzo eziyingozi ekuhlaleni yokuziphatha. Umntu uzibhale enye inkcazelo. Ngokomzekelo, abanye ababhali bakholelwa ukuba lo ngumba Kungumnqweno ezazi ukuba enze ekujoliswe, ukuziphatha ezithile, nto leyo idala umngcipheko eluntwini kwaye libonelela emthethweni mthetho.

impellent

Phantse kuzo zonke iinkcazelo ngasentla kukho yabhekisela kuyo. Uninzi ababhali ke uyavuma ukuba ngumba ivela njenge uhlobo amandla okuqhubela phambili, ezixhasayo ukwenza. Etymologically, nkqu eli gama livela movere, elithetha "ukuba." Ngokomzekelo, cinga ngemeko mkhuba. Citizen, walahlwa phantsi Art. 105, p. "E". Wafunyanwa enetyala ngenxa yokuba, ukuba ukwimeko kunxila, waphuma wekhwele unkosikazi wakhe ngemela. Ingxelo yazinyaswa ngabo kubonisa ukuba isifundo eso rhoqo kulandelwa lo mfazi. Ngenxa yoko, esenzileyo lokubulala. Lo mzekelo isebenza isizathu onekhwele. Ngokuqhelekileyo definition esetyenzisiweyo oko kungathathwa ukuba benze isenzo. Okubhaliweyo ikhowudi kwezinye iimeko indawo elithi 'umdla, "" ezixhasayo "njalo njalo. Umzekelo, ngeeyure. 2 n." B "Art. 105 iqinisa uxanduva ukubulawa ummi okanye izalamane zakhe ngokunxulumene nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi akhe okanye imisebenzi yoluntu, kwaye Sec. "Yaye" eli nqaku unika lesohlwayo ngenxa umthetho ngaphandle kalweni. Xa intliziyo injongo, ngoko ke iimfuno ezithile okanye inkqubo yabo. Ngenxa yokuba nomdla ekwenzeni ngumkhwa, inkolelo - zonke ukuba isiphelo kuboniswa kule migaqo ezikhuthaza inyathelo ngabantu into.

udinga

Abanye ababhali ukuchonga isizathu nale mbono. A indlela yokuvelela ibambelela Gaukhman. Kwingcaciso yakhe, yena ubonisa ukuba lo ngumba ivela njenge owayebalasele. Yena ngumthombo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Noko ke, ukuba ukuchonga iinkanuko, wemidla kunye neemfuno kwelinye icala kunye namanyathelo Umxholo kwelinye - kwakungayi kuba elungile ngokupheleleyo. Naliphi na ithuba kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela. Basenokuba isemthethweni kwaye ongekho. I ntiyiso cinga abo ababhali abakholelwa ukuba umnqweno ukuba iimfuno siyahlukana lanelisekile (kwimeko ngabom yokuziphatha) Inkqubo yokhetho umendo, xoxa iinketho. Yezengqondo Icandelo Umxholo limele ukunxibelelana umgwebo. Nabo ke, bakhonza njengento efunwa kuqala phambi kokuba isigqibo kunye nezizathu zalo.

ukuqaphela

Iqela ababhali uthi injongo luchazwa kwicala inkanuko nangokweemvakalelo, neengqondi. Xa umongo walo, kuba izenzo ngenxa iindlela zovavanyo kwamanyathelo kwi admissibility kunye inadmissibility ukuba ngamnye. Ukuchonga injongo ichaza isizathu sokuba isifundo wenza ngale ndlela yaye hayi omnye. Nguye kuphela imibala lwenkanuko kodwa ngokwasengqondweni.

esinye isigaba

Kwi injongo, njengoko abalinganiswa olufanelekileyo ulwaphulo ithi inqaku 187. Ku tilulamisela isohlwayo wokwenziwa intengiso elandelayo okanye nokufezekiswa intlawulo obuxoki (credit) amakhadi, ezinye izibambiso yentlawulo, izinto ezo ezixabisekileyo. Kwimigangatho ezininzi injongo ethile ulilungu elivumelekileyo. Umzekelo, urhwebo ngabemi abantwana uthathwa lityala elibi, ukuba wenziwe ukuba ukususwa elandelayo kwithishyu okanye amalungu ukuba abohlukeneyo.

Inkalo zesimo-mthetho: injongo, injongo, imvakalelo

Ngengqiqo ngokwasengqondweni, zonke ezi ndidi zinxulumene omnye komnye. Noko ke, ukuba abathanga benze njengoko kukho amagama afanayo ngokupheleleyo. Motif, umzekelo, likuvumela ukuba ukuchonga unobangela amanyathelo, uphendula lo mbuzo, "kutheni", yaye kujoliswe icwangcisa yoko, oko kukuthi, ibonisa oko endaphathiswa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Last ephawula ikakhulu ukwenza ngokwayo. Kulo mzekelo, injongo kunye neemvakalelo ngakumbi zifaneleke ubuntu intloko yakhe. Isiphumo Kuqikelelwa ukuba uyalela nje kuphela izenzo umntu, kodwa izenzo njengomthombo kunye nomsebenzi kunye Eskom. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, injongo kungaba umthelela khuthaza ngandlel 'ithile ukuba idibane ngenjongo kunye neemvakalelo. Kodwa isiphumo ekujongwe akayi kuba siyiguqulela. Injongo kunye nenjongo yalo mthetho, iimvakalelo zomntu aba kulo mzekelo, uxhomekeke ethile. Injongo iya kukhuthazwa ukuba izinto. Injongo kule meko isebenza umbandela izigqibo ikhondo amanyathelo ngazo ukukhawulelana neemfuno. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo injongo isenzo kunye Injongo zolwaphulo inokuba kulwalamano ezahlukeneyo omnye komnye. Ukukhetha enye ukhetho abantu abaliqela kusenokubonisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo izenzo zabo, nangeendlela ezininzi ukuba afezeke. Ngenxa yokuba injongo ekuqhelaniseni ukuziphatha isifundo njengenxalenye ubunyani zentlalo, ayithumele nolwalamano ethile, ufumana ukuba okanye elinye icala lwentlalo, uvavanyo kunye nokubaluleka. Ngako oko ke ingqalelo iindidi bakhonza njengesifundo uphando, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa kwengqondo. Ixabiso injongo nenjongo yalo mthetho abameli kukuba zibenze, iingcali bayakwazi ukujonga inkalo zentlalo womatshini ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa iintshukumo ezithile, uvavanyo azithengise ityala.

ngezigaba

Injongo nenjongo nolwaphulo kuthethwa ngazo kule ncwadi yomthetho evela kumacala ahlukeneyo. Ngako oko, wazithwala enye okanye enye yokuhlela. Abanye ababhali Sicebisa ukuba bahlule kudidi wendalo. Umzekelo, ukuziphindezela, umona, njalo njalo. Kodwa lohlelo uya kubaluleka ekumiseleni isiqulatho uhambe ngayo umsebenzi kwesi senzo. Kakhulu amaxabiso mthetho yolwaphulo ukwahlukana onjalo akayi kuba. Ezinye iingcali bacebisa ngokwamaqela ngokusekelwe yozinzo. Umzekelo, isizathu kunye nenjongo ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho kunokuba lobuqu okanye isimo. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa, oluhlobo akunakusebenza. kwisahlulo kubhekwa iluncedo kakhulu, olusekelwe kwezi ntlobo zovavanyo esemthethweni yokuziphatha. Xa sikhokelo injongo kunye nenjongo iimpawu-mthetho kunokuba ukwanelisa okanye anqunyulwe umxholo enjalo. Yangaphambili kufuneka zihlelwe nabo ngawo umthetho kanga uxanduva okwandileyo okanye amabala kwi-sikhokelo kwemimiselo ye-General Part. Kwimeko yokugqibela, benza njengoko njengemeko eyenza mandundu. Ukongeza, isizathu kunye nenjongo ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe njengokuba luluvo iziqalelo ze-mthetho zithathwa phantsi kwemithetho ye-Special Part. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba benze njengoko kubalulekile (mandatory) imeko ukuze uxanduva. Izisusa benegunya kunye neenjongo, umzekelo, ukungcungcuthekiswa kunye iintshukumisa zokuzingca, ayilwa, ngokuzama ukufihla olunye ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukuququzelela ikhomishini omnye umthetho, njalo njalo. Amanye zolwaphulo benza Ukuhlelwa yi kwingongoma nganye into eluncedo ekuhlaleni. Noko ke, ababhali abaninzi ukucacisa ukuba injongo kunye nenjongo, nto leyo wakhonza njengesiseko ngokwengqondo isenzo okungalunganga, akanako kuthathwa luncedo eluntwini.

Iimpawu ngesiphumo izenzo

Ngokwahlukeneyo kufanele ahlale phezu yokuhlela. Ngelo xesha, kant yahlula zibe categorical, esisebenzisekayo, zobugcisa. Ngenxa impahla yoluntu usukelo kunokuba luncedo ngokwentlalo, cala okanye eziyingozi. Ikhrayitheriya ngokuqiniseka lungohlulwa lube ezithile kunye mfiliba. Ngokutsho nokwenzeka wachacha iinjongo ezicingisisiweyo kunye azinakwenzeka. Ngenxa okuba yokuzahlula na wenziwe Abstract kunye iziphumo. Kuxhomekeka ukuphunyezwa ekujongwe ixesha, injongo isenokuba ethembisayo, ukude okanye ngoko nangoko. Ngokutsho umbandela, inkalo yokuziphatha kubo zihlelwa njengoko ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe, ulusizana, amanene, sublime.

iindidi indima

Impembelelo ngesizathu kunye ngenjongo yomgangatho wemfundo ukuba olu lwaphulo-mthetho inokuba nomahluko. Kukwaxhomekeke kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba indlela kwimeko ethile. Njengoko kwakunye neminye imiqondiso zolwaphulo-mthetho, injongo kunye isizathu lingaphumeza indima kathathu:

1. Bangakwazi uguqulwe ube amalungiselelo inyanzelekile, ukuba lo mthetho wazisa kweli fomu kuyilo amanyathelo azinzileyo. Ngokomzekelo, injongo yaloo nomdla okanye yokuzingca likhuthaza ebonisa olusisinyanzelo kwicala zesimo ulwaphulo-mthetho kakubi igunya, kunye nenjongo nokuhlutha mthethweni kwepropati - zikwimeko eyimfuneko nokuqhekeza.
2. Ukuba bangenza iimeko nje mandundu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, injongo kunye injongo yokutshintsha emfundo ye-mthetho. Abakwazi zicaciswe kuyilo esisiseko mthetho. Nangona kunjalo, imbonakalo yabo imixube wokuhluzela oluphuma uxanduva. Umzekelo, amaza wokuzingca ukuthinjwa ummi ukunyusa izinga sisisulu isenzo.
3. Baya inokufana mandundu okanye iimeko okuthomalalisa, ngaphandle kokutshintsha isiqinisekiso. Oku kunokwenzeka xa izinga ayibonisi kubo okanye kuyilo ezisisiseko okanye iinxalenye zayo ekhethekileyo. Umzekelo, ubukho iintshukumisa isiseko yokuzingca okanye ezinye, ngokungqinelana nomhlathi wesithathu lento. 39 of the Code Criminal, wenza njengoko inkalo mandundu xa ukhetha isohlwayo ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngelo xesha linye ukoniwa ngenjongo yokuthintela nokuba ukuhlasela eyingozi ngakumbi, umzekelo, ngaphezu imida ezifunwa yi-loKhuselo, uya ukukhulula iimeko.

isiphelo

Ngokutsho amagqwetha amaninzi, injongo kunye isizathu ziyafana-mthetho eziqhelekileyo, yaye kunzima - ukuba delimit omnye komnye. Xa umgwebele isenzo isiphumo kufuneka siqaphele netyala. Motif obambeleyo njenge isiphakamiso esifanelekileyo yaye umgwebele setting wokukora, asikwazi ukwakhiwa ngaphandle ingcamango ecacileyo kuyo. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa, ezi ndidi zimbini azifani. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba ukuba isiqulatho ezahlukeneyo zengqondo. Inxalenye zesimo ulwaphulo Obumbe injongo, isizathu nobutyala. Xa uyila imithetho eyahlukileyo (special) amanyathelo zokusebenza ukwasebenza ezi ndidi. Kule ncwadi esemthethweni ithi, nangona ukuba injongo nentshukumisa ukuba zininzi izinto esifana, abanako kuchongwa kunye nabanye. Le mbono wabiwe phantse bonke ababhali. Kodwa bephawula izithethe ezithile Criminal Code, ekhaliphileyo umqondiso izenzo ubume ubeka injongo, oko bunxulunyaniswa motif. Ngokomzekelo, kubhaliwe kuqatshelwe ukuba ubusela (Art. 158) mazenziwe ukuze inzuzo. Xa Umbhalo isihloko sabonisa ukuba nkalo zesimo isenzo zokubumba ngezembe ukuba usile.