Ulwaphulo-mthetho olumasikizi kunobuzaza kakhulu futhi yokuhlelwa kwazo

Namacala Code Criminal kwahluka nje kuphela kwi projekthi, kodwa nobukhulu okanye iimeko.

Eyona engundoqo Iintlobo zolwaphulo-mthetho

Ukuhlelwa mthetho ingcwaba ingakumbi engcwabeni kuthethwa kwinqanaba kusisisongelo kuluntu ngokubanzi okanye iincindi zalo ngamnye, nto leyo isenzo. iindidi Ukwahlula ulwaphulo-mthetho iye isetyenziswe akunjalo kudala, xa kuthelekiswa ne-France, nto leyo eye wasebenzisa ukwahlulwa multi-ibakala zolwaphulo ukususela 1810.

Xa izenzo Russian umthetho mthetho zihlukaniswe:

• bekukubi Small.
• aqine Moderate.
• Ezinzulu.
• Kuyingozi kakhulu.

Kudidi ngalunye kukho candelo. Iintlobo engcwabeni kunye mthetho ingakumbi engcwabeni:

• Simple.
• Ngenxa ubukho inkunzi (qualified).
• Nokufumaneka kweemeko okuthomalalisa (bakhetha).

ubungqina

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ulwaphulo afanelekayo aye iimpawu ezizodwa. Kuxhomekeka kubukho ulwaphulo-mthetho phantsi ikhowudi ethile lolwaphulo kube lula ukuba inxalenye yokuqala, okwesibini - umlinganiselo ubungnqongqo (ubukho inkunzi), kwaye eyesithathu - Ingcwaba (ukufumaneka iimeko ingakumbi inkunzi).

Umzekelo, Article 111 (ebangela umonakalo noqhekeko kwimpilo) kwimihlathi 1 no-2 siyakuchaza iimeko esirhesha ukuba senzo uza kuqwalaselwa ingcwaba ebusweni babo. Kwiindawo 3 no 4 inqaku elifanayo isenza umonakalo ekusebenzeni enalo wayezimisele, phambi inkunzi babeza sibi kakhulu.

isigwebo

Yiloo nto izinga ingozi ebangelwa eluntwini ukuba zolwaphulo ziye esicaciswe yi-mthetho lokuwisa izohlwayo. Ezi izohlwayo azimisele kuthathelwa ingqalelo kuphela imigaqo yokuziphatha, kodwa ukufaneleka kunye ukulingana kwexesha kunye nohlobo isohlwayo cala.

Ngokomzekelo, ukuze kucaciswe zeziphi zolwaphulo-mthetho kakhulu okanye enzulu kakhulu, unako ukuhlawula ingqalelo isohlwayo ukuze ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokuba sisikhulu kakhulu, ukuvalelwa ezona kwiminyaka ukuya ku-10, kwaye ingakumbi enzima - ngaphezu xesha, ngokuphila ejele okanye isohlwayo sentambo.

Nankathalo ubugebengu

Xa emfundo ye-mthetho kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba izenzo womxhuzulane encinane kuphela kwenzeka ngengozi, kwakunye ulwaphulo ungemkhulu kangako umonakalo. Enzulu enkulu kakhulu abazinikeleyo ngabom kuphela. Umthetho akuthethi ukuchaza isenzo esisodwa ezenziwe nankathalo, nto leyo eyingozi eluntwini kwaye uthwele isohlwayo esifanelekileyo.

Amatyala anokuthi uzinikele yokungakhathali, kungabandakanya ukubulala okanye ebangela umonakalo noqhekeko kwimpilo a injongo ethile xa kuyimfuneko wokhuselo (inqaku 108, inxenye 1 114 of Code Criminal), yexhoba abulawe isenzo Ozidelayo umenzi wobubi (kwiSiqendu 109, inxenye 1) , umonakalo zempilo ubushushu inkanuko (inqaku 113), kunye nabanye. Oku kuthatha i element ngumothuko ingqalelo ngokwemigaqo imiphumo.

Umzekelo, kwabenzi-mthetho babefuna ukubetha ixhoba, kodwa ngempazamo watsho etempileni, ukusuka apho wafa. Ngako oko, umoni akazange afune imiphumo ukuphunyezwa injongo yayo, ngoko ke ukubulala ozakuthathwa ibangela ukufa ngokungenankathalo.

Le Code yoLwaphulo ye zomthetho kubonelelwe kwiSiqendu 109, inxenye 1, kwaye edibene, kuquka nasekusweleni yokwenene inkululeko ixesha ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2. Xa ubhekisela ulwahlulohlulo, ekuthe ngenxa yawo kwahlaziywa umahluko-mthetho, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kule meko libhekisela kwizenzo womxhuzulane minor.

Ukongeza, ukuba sijonga ulwahlulohlulo jikelele, leyo yahlula izenzo abemi ukunyhashwa, amatyala kunye ulwaphulo-mthetho, izenzo olubonelelwa ngumthetho we-Code Criminal, akukwazeki kakubi okanye ukunyhashwa, kukho kuye nokuba kuye kophulwa umthetho naliphi na ilungelo lomntu. Umzekelo, kwi-Code Criminal kukho Inqaku 136 - calulo. Ngako kusetyenzwa Code wohlwaya isenzo uzinikele ngoncedo imeko yazo ekhethekileyo.

zingabuyi

kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ndiphinde ndazisebenzisa, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho olumasikizi kakhulu kakhulu inkalo mandundu kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo ukuba ikhomishini lulwaphulo mthetho. Umzekelo, isibakala sokuba ummangalelwa kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho kuye ngaphambili kabini (okanye amaxesha ngaphezulu) wenze isenzo ngaphantsi kakhulu, iba sisihlandlo lokuwonga ngummi recidivist.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba sokugunyaziswa kweli ulwaphulo-mthetho efanayo, kodwa okokuqala, umntu angagwetywa ubomi benene, kodwa zoLuleko (entolongweni) kwi kulawulo eqhelekileyo okanye engqongqo. Kule meko efanayo loo iphinde lubandakanya isigwebo kweli ziko kunye indlela ekhethekileyo umxholo.

Udo kuxhomekeke izenzo kokona

Ekumiseleni ithuba lokukhululwa kwakhe ngaphambi kwisahlulo ixesha mthetho ingcwaba ingakumbi nengcwaba kukwabalulekile. Ukuba wenza ulwaphulo-mthetho kakhulu, emva kokukhululwa kwakhe entolongweni ngengqawule kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba ibanjwa ndikhonze ubuncinane 2/3 ngexesha elimiselwe isohlwayo. An isenzo esibi kakhulu busenza ukuba bahambe ¾ sisohlwayo, uze kuphela kunokwenzeka ukuba babalekele entolongweni ngengqawule.

ngokweemeko ngesigqibo esithathwe yinkundla. Ukuba ijaji ugqiba ukuba umntu ogwetyiweyo uye washiya ixesha kumkhalimela kwakufuneka ukuba alungise oko, yaye ngenxa yoko Aninakumkhonza elo xesha, loo nto yenza isigqibo ekukhululweni yokuqala. Kufuneka ube yinxalenye isohlwayo ixhomekeke ingozi kwizenzo zoluntu esenziwe enetyala.

Zokucima irekhodi mthetho, kuxhomekeke isenzo ebukhulwini

impembelelo ezizodwa kunye kusebenzisana nayo ambona lokuvuthwa icala xa benze ulwaphulo engcwabeni ngakumbi engcwabeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixesha lokuhlala kweli DUT la manyathelo kuthetha ukuba kwiminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu (ewonke, kuxhomekeke okuphinde kweemeko mandundu). Imihla intlawulo epheleleyo lwezigwebo zangaphambili zicwangciswa kwiSiqendu 86 iKhowudi Criminal, kwaye ngokunxulumene kweli qela zenzo eyi-8 no-10, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Xa Icandelo 5 inqaku elifanayo kukho ummiselo unelungelo amaRoma, ngexesha ezibekile, kuba ekuqaleni ukususwa enetyala enkundleni.

Ukuziqhelisa, recidivists ingakumbi yingozi abenza izenzo zolwaphulo-ingcwaba yaye ngokukodwa engcwabeni, irekhodi yolwaphulo asicimi ngonaphakade.

Oku kungenxa yokuba lo gama loo mntu ngaphandle kweendonga kweli thanga, nokuba liphelelwe lixesha ngexesha elimisiweyo entolongweni, ukuba kuyanyanzeleka ukuba enze izenzo ngakumbi nangakumbi ezintsha mthethweni. Ezi zenzo ziyimfuneko ukuze recidivist ngokwemiqathango kungenzeka ubukho mali ezifunyenwe ngeendlela mthetho, okanye ukugcina wayesaziwa ehlabathini mthetho.

kileyo

Xa isiqinisekiso of mthetho zisoloko zineengxaki ngokwalo yokugweba. Le simangalo setyala lolwaphulo- macala engcwabeni ingakumbi engcwabeni, apho amanqaku ukubonelela ukuvalelwa entolongweni ixesha elide kunabo bonke abanye iindidi, zithathwa njengokuba iseti iimeko ezazikho ngexesha ikhomishini nezenzo ezingekho mthethweni.

umkhuba yezeejaji iye efunde amava abanzi kuphando-mthetho ezininzi, kodwa abagwebi kaninzi yenza iimpazamo. Ngokubanzi, izenzo ezininzi xa umntu lizimisele neemeko-nye, leyo kunganxulunyaniswa wonyaka, isohlwayo isikakhulu kufuneka umiselwe linqaku enzima.